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To explore the effects of plasma jet (PJ) and plasma activated water (PAW) on the sterilization of Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans) and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the two methods, so as to provide a basis for plasma treatment of dental caries and to enrich the treatment means of dental caries, an atmospheric pressure plasma excitation system was built, and the effects of PJ and PAW on the sterilization rate of S. mutans and the changes of temperature and pH during treatment were studied under different excitation voltage ( U e ) and different excitation time ( t e ). The results showed that in the PJ treatment, the difference in the survival rate of S. mutans between the treatment group and the control group was statistically significant ( P = 0.007, d=2.66) when U e = 7 kV and t e = 60 s, and complete sterilization was achieved at U e = 8 kV and t e = 120 s in the PJ treatment. In contrast, in the PAW treatment, the difference in the survival rate of S. mutans between the treatment group and the control group was statistically significant ( P = 0.029, d = 1.71) when U e = 7 kV and t e = 30 s, and complete sterilization was achieved with PAW treatment when U e = 9 kV and t e = 60 s. Results of the monitoring of temperature and pH showed that the maximum temperature rise during PJ and PAW treatment did not exceed 4.3 °C, while the pH value after PAW treatment would drop to a minimum of 3.02. In summary, the optimal sterilization parameters for PJ were U e =8 kV and 90 s < t e ≤ 120 s, while the optimal sterilization parameters for PAW were U e = 9 kV and 30 s< t e ≤ 60 s. Both treatment methods achieved non-thermal sterilization of S. mutans, where PJ required only a smaller U e to achieve complete sterilization, while at pH < 4.7, PAW only required a shorter t e to achieve complete sterilization, but its acidic environment could cause some chemical damage to the teeth. This study can provide some reference value for plasma treatment of dental caries.
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Humans , Streptococcus mutans , Dental Caries/therapy , Sterilization , Temperature , WaterABSTRACT
Objective:To learn about the application of medical ethics review in scientific research and prevention of endemic diseases.Methods:The method of retrospective analysis was used, original articles on field epidemiological investigation and clinical medicines published by Chinese Journal of Epidemiology from 2017 to 2020 were collected. Examination of medical ethics in national, provincial and municipal fund programs and nonfund projects was carried out. Statistical analysis was performed using Cochran-Armitage trend test and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel (CMH) test.Results:A total of 638 articles were collected from 2017 - 2020, with 36 excluded and 602 remaining. The proportion of papers published after medical ethics review over the past four years was 56.85% (83/146), 62.50% (105/168), 59.87% (94/157), and 60.31% (79/131), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in trend testing ( Z = 0.41, P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of papers produced by academic works, on-site investigations, and clinical medicine programs among different years (χ 2 = 0.01, 1.31, 1.92, P > 0.05). The proportion of papers published that supported by various fund programs that had undergone medical ethics review over the past four years was 60.55% (66/109), 62.28%(71/114), 62.38% (63/101), and 60.22% (56/93), respectively. The trend test showed no statistically significant difference( Z = - 0.03, P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of papers published that supported by national level projects, provincial and ministerial level projects, and municipal level projects among different years (χ 2 = 0.06, 0.02, 0.19, P > 0.05). The difference in the trend test of the output papers of research projects approved by the higher-level ethics committee and marked with approval numbers over the past 4 years was statistically significant ( Z = 2.85, P < 0.01); the difference was statistically significant when compared across years (χ 2 = 8.13, P < 0.01); the proportion of papers increased from 8.22% (12/146) in 2017 to 18.08% (25/131) in 2020 (χ 2 = 7.04, P = 0.008). There was no statistically significant difference ( Z = - 0.53, P > 0.05) in the proportion of papers that expressed their consent in terms of informed consent over the past 4 years; There was no statistically significant difference in comparison between different years (χ 2 = 0.28, P > 0.05). Conclusions:Medical ethics review has been taken seriously by the majority of researchers and is widely used in endemic scientific research and prevention projects.
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The tumor microenvironment of pancreatic carcinoma is a dense matrix environment with excessive fibrosis containing pancreatic stellate cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and extracellular matrix, which not only creates an environment to promote the growth and invasion of tumors, but also makes them resistant to chemotherapy and other antitumor drugs. Intensive fibrosis reaction in the matrix and changes of tumors in immune environment are considered the main reasons for treatment failure in pancreatic cancer management. This article reviews the recent research advances in the tumor microenvironment of pancreatic cancer, summarizes its composition and pathogenesis and the targeted therapies for matrix and immune cells, and analyzes the importance of tumor microenvironment in the development and progression of pancreatic cancer and its impact on targeted therapy.
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Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism is one of the malignant characteristics of tumors. LncRNA plays an important role in the process of aerobic glycolysis of tumors. Aims: To investigate the expression of LncRNA MEG3 in gastric cancer and its correlation with glycolysis. Methods: RT-qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of MEG3 in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue. Immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the protein expressions of PKM2, LDHA, mTOR, HIF-1α in gastric cancer and paracancerous tissue. Relationship between expressions of above-mentioned indices and clinicopathological features of gastric cancer were analyzed. The correlation between MEG3 and glycolysis level of gastric cancer was analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis, and its possible mechanism was explored. Results: The expression of MEG3 in gastric cancer tissue was significantly lower than that in paracancerous tissue (P< 0.05), and was correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The positivity rates of expression of PKM2, LDHA, mTOR and HIF-1α in gastric cancer tissue were significantly higher than those in paracancerous tissue, and were correlated with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis and pTNM stage (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that the expression of MEG3 was negatively correlated with the expressions of PKM2, LDHA, mTOR and HIF-1α (r=-0.346，r= -0.306，r=-0.389, r=-0.338; P<0.05). The expression of MEG3 in HIF-1α
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Objective:To analyze the comprehensive quality of the "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" and provide a basis for improving the influence of the journal.Methods:The iournal evaluation data of "Chinese Science and Technology Journal Citation Reports (Core Version)" (2013 - 2017 periodicals, hereinafter referred to as the journal citation report) as a statistical source, epidemiological and environmental medicine core journals as reference objects, an analysis of the academic influence of "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" within journals in the same field was carried out. The overall quality of the journal was evaluated through adopting the dynamic evaluation model of academic influence of sci-tech periodicals, combined with the total cited frequency, influencing factor, he cited rate, source of literature, immediacy index, international papers ratio, fund papers ratio of "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" in 2013 - 2017 edition of the journal citation report, and calculating the academic impact assessment score ( I), and 5-year growth rate in 2012 - 1016. Results:The impact factors of the "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" in 2012 - 2016 were 0.745, 1.243, 1.507, 1.390, and 1.221, respectively; ranked 4th, 3rd, 2nd, 2nd and 2nd in the same field medical core journals (24 kinds), respectively. The total citation frequencies were 1 167, 1 682, 1 164, 1 688, and 1 584, respectively; ranked 9th, 5th, 7th, 7th and 7th in the same field medical core journals (24 kinds), respectively; the comprehensive scores were 40.4, 45.8, 42.0, 42.4, and 41.5, respectively; ranked 5th, 7th, 6th, 7th and 7th in the same field medical core journals (24 kinds), respectively. The results of the dynamic evaluation model of academic influence showed that the I values of the "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" in 2012 - 2016 were 240 035.56, 377 602.24, 434 144.09, 612 260.69, and 529 411.90, respectively; and the 5-year growth rate was 0.21. Conclusion:The academic influence of the "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" is on the rise, and the comprehensive quality of the journal is constantly improving.
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Manuscript retreat is an important link in the publication of sci-tech periodical papers, including the academic perfection of the paper and modification according to the requirements of the journal publishing standard. It is an important procedure to guarantee the quality of academic and periodical. Repeated retreat will lead to a longer paper publishing cycle, affecting the timeliness of the paper. Taking "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" as an example, this paper summarizes the reasons for repeated retreat of sci-tech periodical papers from three aspects: author, reviewer and editor, and puts forward the countermeasures.
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Manuscript retreat is an important link in the publication of sci-tech periodical papers, including the academic perfection of the paper and modification according to the requirements of the journal publishing standard. It is an important procedure to guarantee the quality of academic and periodical. Repeated retreat will lead to a longer paper publishing cycle, affecting the timeliness of the paper. Taking "Chinese Journal of Endemiology" as an example, this paper summarizes the reasons for repeated retreat of sci-tech periodical papers from three aspects:author, reviewer and editor, and puts forward the countermeasures.
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Objective To analyze the existence of zero cited papers in Chinese Journal of Endemiology,find problems,and to improve the citation frequency and academic influence of the journal.Methods In Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,the papers published in Chinese Journal of Endemiology from 2013 to 2015 were accurately retrieved.The papers were sorted according to the frequency of citations from high to low,and zero cited papers were selected.Publication time,publication column,download frequency and other information of the paper were recorded,and statistical analysis was performed.Search time was up to October 24,2018.Results From 2013 to 2015,a total of 680 papers were published,147 papers were zero cited papers,and the rate of zero cited papers was 21.62％.Among them,28,33 and 86 papers were zero cited papers in 2013,2014 and 2015,and the rates of zero cited papers were 13.33％ (28/210),15.64％ (33/211) and 33.20％ (86/259),respectively,the difference was statistically significant (x2 =33.477,P ＜ 0.01).The rates of zero cited papers in the columns of Editorial,Health Education,and Experts Forum were lower,which were 5.56％ (1/18),7.14％ (1/14) and 9.52％ (2/21),respectively;and the rates of zero cited papers in the column of Method and Brief Report were higher,which were 36.36％ (8/22) and 32.93％ (27/82),respectively.The average download frequency of 147 zero cited papers was 36,ranging from 0 to 151 times.Conclusions The citation frequency of a paper is related to the time of publication.The longer the time is,the lower rate of zero cited paper is.The journal can appropriately increase the proportion of commentary articles;publish more practical methods,and brief reports to enhance the citation frequency and academic quality.
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Objective: To investigate the community promotion feasibility of superficial needling plus club swing for post-stroke motion impairment of the shoulder joint. Methods:A total of 180 cases (duration 0.05). After a 60-day treatment, the shoulder pain severity, active range of motion of the shoulder joint and ADL in the observation group were significantly improved than those in the control group (allP<0.01). In addition, no adverse events were reported by participants in the observation group. Conclusion:Superficial needling plus club swing plays a positive role in improving post-stroke motion impairment of the shoulder joint. This safe, reliable and economical therapy has good patient compliance and is suitable for community promotion.
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Objective To analyze highly cited papers published in Chinese Journal of Endemiology from 2007 to 2015,to provide direction of invitation for contributions and further improve the quality of the periodical.Methods In WanFang data knowledge service platform (http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/),highly cited papers were searched,which were cited ≥ 15 times in Chinese Journal of Endemiology from 2007 to 2015,and the retrieval date was March 20,2017.These papers were carried out statistical analysis by publication time,column,author,workunit,regional distribution and fund program.Results Totally 2 133 papers were published from 2007 to 2015,including 78 highly cited papers,accounting for 3.66％,citation frequency were 15-88 times,the average was 26.0 times.Of the highly cited papers,field investigation paper was the highest (24),accounting for 30.77％;followed by editorial (19),accounting for 24.36％;reviews (10) and experiment research articles (including experiment research and original articles,8),accounting for 12.82％ and 10.26％,respectively.There were 9 authors contributed two or more highly cited papers,they were in 4 work units.There were 7 work units contributed two or more highly cited papers,Center for Endemic Disease Control,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Harbin Medical University was the highest (35),the average was 29.8 times.Highly cited papers distributed in 17 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities),Heilongjiang Province was the highest (38),and the average was 28.9 times.Totally 51 highly cited papers were supported by fund program,accounting for 65.38％ (51/78).Conclusions Highly cited paper presents the trend of columns,authors,work units,regions and fund programs.The editorial department can refer to the above results for solicitation articles.
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Objective To understand the academic influence of medical statistics source journals in Heilongjiang Province from 2010 to 2015,and to provide reference for the development of periodicals.Methods Medical journals in Heilongjiang Province were selected from the "Chinese S&T Journal Citation Reports" (2011-2016),the source of literature,immediacy index,ratio of international papers,ratio of fund papers,total cited frequency,influencing factor,and he cited rate were calculated.Dynamic evaluation model was used to evaluate the academic influence,and impact assessment score (Ⅰ),relative Ⅰ (Ⅰr) and growth rate were calculated.Results A total of 11 categories of medical journals were collected,which were included in the "Chinese S&T Journal Citation Reports" from 2010-2015.There were 6 kinds of medical statistics source journals with an average annual influencing factor of ＞ 0.500:"Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion","Chinese Journal of Critical Care Medicine","Chinese Hospital Management","Chinese Journal of Endemiology","Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine",and "Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology".The total cited frequency and the influencing factors of the six journals increased with each year.I values were 307 545.34,370 462.56,813 917.36,374 782.62,490 714.05,and 407 342.07,respectively;Irvalues were 0.67,0.80,1.77,0.81,1.06,and 0.88,respectively;growth rates were 0.87,0.41,0.14,0.63,0.06,and 0.12,respectively.Conclusion Six kinds of influential medical journals in Heilongjiang Province are in good condition,and academic influence is on the rise.
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There is a long path to go on the course of Chinese medical supply reform program.With the development of medicare system,the use of Internet + to promote Chinese medical supply reform program and to provide usefulsolutions to the present medicare problems in China could be very difficult.
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Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of electroacupuncture (EA) at Houxi (SI 3) in treating acute lumbar sprain. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving EA at Houxi (SI 3) for acute lumbar sprain were retrieved from PubMed (1966-2014), EMBASE (1980-2014), Cochrane Library (Issue 1, 2014), CQVIP Database (1989-2014), Wanfang Digital Journal (1998-2014), the Chinese Biological Medical Literature Database (CBM, 1978-2014), and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI, 1979-2014). The collection of data also adopted hand-search of the relevant journals from the Library of Shanghai Jiao Tong University. All of the data were first evaluated and extracted by two reviewers independently with a specially designed form. Then, the available data were analyzed by the Cochrane Collaboration's RevMan 5.2.0 software. Results:A total of 6 trials involving 1 288 patients were eligible. Meta-analysis showed that the total effectiveness rate in the EA group was significantly different when compared with Nimesulide [RR=1.33; 95% CI (1.19 to 1.49)] and Mobic [RR=1.08; 95% CI (1.03 to 1.14)], but similar to that of acupuncture at Yaotongdian (EX-UE 7) [RR=71.09; 95% CI (1.00 to 1.19)] and Diclofenac Sodium [RR=1.08; (95% CI 0.96 to 1.21)]. The recovery rate in the EA group was significantly different when compared with Mobic [RR=1.67; (95% CI 1.45 to 1.92)] and Nimesulid [RR=1.37; (95% CI 1.15 to 1.62)], but similar to that of acupuncture at Yaotongdian [(RR=1.35; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.84)] and Diclofenac Sodium [(RR=1.19; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.61)]. Conclusion:Up to the search date, there are few high quality RCTs to evaluate the clinical efficacy of EA at Houxi (SI 3) for acute lumbar sprain, especially studies in English. Yet EA at Houxi (SI 3) still appeared to be an efficacious method for acute lumbar sprain, despite several inherent defects of the included studies. Further large scale trials are required to define the role of EA at Houxi (SI 3) in the treatment of this disease.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of meridian differentiation-based point selection plus qi-guiding acupuncture in treating lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.MethodFive hundred and forty-nine patients with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation were randomly allocated, using a random number table, to two groups. The treatment group of 280 patients received qi-guiding acupuncture at points selected according to meridian differentiation and the control group, electroacupuncture at points selected according to meridian differentiation.ResultThe total efficacy rate was 87.5% in the treatment group and 86.6% in the control group; there was no statistically significantdifference between the two groups (P>0.05). The cure rate was 51.8% in the treatment group and41.6% in the control group; there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). ConclusionThe total efficacy rate of qi-guiding acupuncture at points selected according to meridian differentiation for lumbar intervertebral disc herniation is similar to that of electroacupuncture at points selected according to meridian differentiation, but the cure rate of the former is higher thanthat of the latter.
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Objective: To observe the efficacy of acupoint selection by meridian differentiation plus qi-guiding needling in treating lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: By using the random number table, 549 patients with LDH were randomized into two groups. Two hundred and eighty participants in the observation group were intervened by selecting acupoints by meridian differentiation associated with qi-guiding needling method, and the other 269 participants in the control group were by selecting acupoints by meridian differentiation plus electroacupuncture. At the end of intervention, the changes of conduction velocities of the common peroneal nerve, superficial peroneal nerve, and tibial nerve were observed, and the therapeutic efficacies were compared. Results: The total effective rate was 87.5% in the observation group versus 86.6% in the control group, and the difference was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). The recovery rate was 51.8% in the observation group versus 37.2% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P Conclusion: Selecting acupoints by meridian differentiation associated with qi-guiding needling can produce a similar total effective rate to selecting acupoints by meridian differentiation plus electroacupuncture, while its recovery rate is comparatively higher.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the stress distributions and cracks initiation and propagation within the cementation of post and core restored teeth with various ferrule heights.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three-dimensional finite element (FE) models of post and core restored teeth with different ferrule heights (0, 1, 2, 3 mm) were created by using the data of a three-dimensional non-contact digital scanning.Vertical oblique forces of 350 N (45° to the long axis of the root) were applied on the lingual surface of the teeth (4 mm below the incisal edge). Both linear analysis and extended finite element methods (XFEM) were used to investigate stress distributions, especially those in the adhesive interfaces.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Linear analysis results showed that the stress distributions within the root were quite similar among the groups. However, obvious stress concentrations were detected on palatal glass ionomer cement layer in the groups with 0 mm and 1 mm ferrule. According to the XFEM results, cracks were firstly initiated within the glass ionomer cement layer, and then propagated towards the adhesive resin cement layer. The ultimate loads that induced the damage within glass ionomer cement layer and adhesive resin cement layer in 0 mm ferrule group (50.4 and 94.7 N) were less than those in 3 mm ferrule group (65.9 and 228.2 N).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Adhesive interface was the susceptible structure of post and core restored teeth.Increasing ferrule height can significantly reduced the stress concentration within the palatal adhesive interface.</p>
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Cementation , Composite Resins , Dental Stress Analysis , Post and Core Technique , Resin Cements , Tooth RootABSTRACT
To observe the effects of Guanxinkang (GXK) decoction, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), liver X receptor α (LXRα) and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) in apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-knockout mice with atherosclerosis.
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To observe the effects of Guanxinkang (GXK) decoction, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on serum lipids and apolipoprotein A I (ApoA I), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA) and fibrinogen (Fbg) concentrations of ApoE-knockout mice with atherosclerosis, and to explore the mechanism of GXK decoction in anti-atherosclerosis.
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Objective To study the clinical efficacy and plasma concentrations of tacrolimus in renal transplant patients. Methods Kidney transplant patients were randomly divided into experimental group and control group. Control group was treated with cyclosporin A, experimental group was treated with tacrolimus. Clinical efficacy of two groups was compared,and plasma concentrations of tacrolimus the experimental group were tested at different periods. Results Compared with the control group,experimental group D-BILI and the concentration of T-BILI significantly lower,rate of acute rejection and infection significantly reduced,the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05) ;At the same time,in the experimental group,blood concentration of FK506 in patients at different periods after surgery were different. Conclusions . Tacrolimus was expected to develop ithe main immunosuppressant, its blood concentration factors of further research would be beneficial for to provide a reasonable regimen the clinical organ transplant patients.
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Objective: To observe the effects of Guanxinkang injection, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel subunits in ischemic myocardial cells of rats, and to explore the mechanism of Guanxinkang in protecting myocardial ischemic reperfusion injuries. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, untreated group, glibenclamide group, pinacidil group, Guanxinkang group and Guanxinkang plus glibenclamide group. The ventricular myocytes were prepared from hearts of normal rats by enzymatic dissociation method. The ischemic ventricular myocytes underwent perfusion with normal Tyrode solution for 10 min, then stopping perfusion 30 min, and followed by 45 min of reperfusion. The glibenclamide, pinacidil and Guanxinkang were added into ventricular myocytes solution directly. Then the solutions were placed at 4 degrees centigrade. After 24-hour freezing at -80 degrees centigrade, mRNA and protein expressions of KATP subunits Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2A and SUR2B were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting respectively. Results: In normal rat myocardial cells, there were SUR2A, Kir6.1, and Kir6.2 protein and gene expressions but no expression of SUR2B protein. In the untreated group, all subunit mRNA and protein expressions of KATP increased to some extent as compared with the normal group. Pinacidil, a potassium channel opener, significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of KATP subunits, while the blocker glibenclamide had a reverse effect. Meanwhile, Guanxinkang injection significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of K(ATP) subunits but with no significant difference as compared with pinacidil. Conclusion: Guanxinkang injection can obviously enhance the open of KATP channel and thus play a role in cardiovascular protection.