Establishment of lens opacity model in Grx2 knockout mice based on CRISPR/cas9 system and the role of Grx2 in the pathogenesis of cataract / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To explore the role of Grx2 in the pathogenesis of cataract by establishing Grx2 knockout (KO) and knockin (KI) mouse models. Methods:Ten black C57BL/6J mice were selected to make Grx2 KO model ( n=5) and Grx2 KI model ( n=5) using CRISPR/Cas9 system.The offspring mice were sequenced by tail clipping and included in the corresponding experimental group according to the genotype.The general condition and lens opacity was recorded.After the mice were sacrificed, the pathological changes of lens were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The relative expression levels of Grx2, glutathione (GSH), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , glutathione disulfide (GSSG) and Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) in mice lens were assayed.The use and feeding of experimental animals were in accordance with the Regulations on the Management of Experimental Animals issued by the State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No.2020-125). Results:The offspring of Grx2 KO and Grx2 KI homozygous and heterozygous mice were confirmed by tail cutting nested PCR and gene sequencing.Compared with the wild type (WT) mice of same age, the lens opacity of Grx2 KO heterozygous mice occurred earlier, while the lens of Grx2 KI homozygous mice remained transparent all the time.A large number of gaps and vacuoles were found in the lens fibers of 5-month-old Grx2 KO mice.The 8-OHdG content and ROS fluorescence intensity in the lens of 5-month-old Grx2 KO mice were (3.886±0.326)ng/ml and 1 594±132, which were significantly higher than (3.531±0.250)ng/ml and 1 157±123 in WT mice ( t=2.711, P=0.033; t=3.384, P=0.028).The relative expression levels of Grx2, GSH and Bcl-2 in the lens of 5-month-old Grx2 KO mice were 0.23±0.01, 0.70±0.06 and 0.32±0.03, which were significantly lower than 0.52±0.02, 1.04±0.08 and 0.49±0.04 of WT mice ( t=2.815, P=0.020; t=2.457, P=0.033; t=2.279, P=0.041). Conclusions:Grx2 KO and Grx2 KI mouse models are successfully established in this study.The occurrence and development of age-related cataract are accelerated in Grx2 KO mice.

Investigation on the IGF-1 and lipid level in term small for gestational age infants within 24 hours postnatally / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the insulin-like growth factors-1 (IGF-1) and lipid level of term small for gestational age (SGA) infants within 24 hours postnatally and to explore the correlation between IGF-1 and blood lipids.Methods:A prospective study was conducted on singleton term SGA and appropriate for gestational age infant (AGA) who were delivered and admitted to the neonatal ward of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital within 24 hours after birth from May 2020 to January 2021, and the infants were divided into SGA and AGA groups to compare the differences in IGF-1 and lipid levels within 24 hours after birth and to analyze the correlation between IGF-1 and lipids.Results:A total of 95 cases in the SGA group and 84 cases in the AGA group were included in the study. The proportion of infants with IGF-1 <25 ng/ml was significantly higher in SGA group (87.4%) than in the AGA group (52.4%). It was also found that the proportion of infants with IGF-1 <25 ng/ml in SGA was significantly higher than that in AGA within different gender composition groups, early-term and full-term births groups. The triglyceride (TG) level was higher in the SGA group than that in the AGA group, but the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level was lower than that in the AGA group ( P<0.05). IGF-1 level within 24 hours postnatally in SGA and AGA was positively correlated with HDL-C levels ( P<0.01) and negatively correlated with TG ( P<0.01), and HDL-C level was a predictor of IGF-1. Conclusions:Compared with term AGA, SGA term infants showed insufficient IGF-1 and HDL-C secretion and high TG within 24 hours after birth. Nutritional support for SGA should be given promptly after birth to avoid hypoglycemia and to stimulate IGF-1 secretion.

Simultaneous determination of 10 constituents in Huoxiang zhengqi soft capsules by UPLC-MS/MS / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of liquiritin ， naringin， hesperidin， neohesperidin， nobiletin， atractylenolide Ⅲ ， imperatorin，honokiol，isoimperatorin and magnolol in Huoxiang zhengqi soft capsules. METHODS Twelve batches of Huoxiang zhengqi soft capsules were extracted by ultrasonic extraction with ethanol. The determination was performed on Ultimate XB-C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile - 0.1％ formic acid solution for gradient elution at the flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃. The electrospray ionization source was applied to carry out the positive and negative ion scanning with multiple react ion monitoring mode. RESULTS The linear range of liquiritin ，naringin，hesperidin，neohesperidin， nobiletin，atractylenolide Ⅲ ，imperatorin，honokiol，isoimperatorin and magnolol were 1.64-52.40，1.73-55.20，1.54-49.20， 1.71-54.80，1.74-55.60，4.19-134.00，1.51-48.40，1.61-51.60，1.80-57.60，1.74-55.60 ng/mL（r≥0.999 5），respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.41，0.43，0.19，0.43，0.11，1.05，0.19，0.40，0.45，0.11 ng/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability （24 h）and repeatability tests were all lower than 6％. Average recoveries were 102.42％，98.65％，98.34％，101.48％，96.74％， 100.40％，104.92％，98.53％，99.50％，105.40％（RSD＝1.34％-5.44％，n＝9）. The contents of the above 10 constituents in 12 batches of Huoxiang zhengqi soft capsules were 201.21-287.89，5.03-20.37，1 465.56-1 988.35，5.35-9.01，217.09-306.44，1.91- 16.17，1 081.59-1 377.12，2 388.34-2 915.13，341.26-397.45 and 7 633.47-8 976.99 μg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established method for content determination is convenient ，sensitive and accurate ，which can be used for the quality control and evaluation of Huoxiang zhengqi related preparations.

Quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction / 中国中药杂志

Following the preparation of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction from 18 batches, the method for detecting their characteristic spectra was established to identify the similarity range and peak attribution. The content and transfer rate ranges of the index components coptisine, palmatine, berberine, liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, 6-gingerol, and cinnamaldehyde and the extraction amount were combined for analyzing the quality value transfer from the Chinese medicinal pieces to substance benchmarks and clarifying the key quality attributes of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction. The results showed that the substance benchmarks in Huang-lian Decoction of 18 batches exhibited good similarity in characteristic spectra(all greater than 0.98). There were 17 characteristic peaks identified in the substance benchmarks of Huanglian Decoction, including 10 from Coptidis Rhizoma, 3 from Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma Praeparata Cum Melle(processed with water), 1 from Zingiberis Rhizoma, and 3 from Cinnamomi Ramulus. The contents and average transfer rates of the index components were listed as follows: coptisine 2.20-6.46 mg·g~(-1) and 18.50%±2.93%; palmatine 3.03-8.13 mg·g~(-1) and 26.56%±4.69%; berberine 7.71-22.29 mg·g~(-1) and 17.34%±3.00%; liquiritin 0.88-2.18 mg·g~(-1) and 9.88%±4.88%; glycyrrhizic acid 1.83-4.44 mg·g~(-1) and 8.50%±3.72%; 6-gingerol 0.56-1.43 mg·g~(-1) and 11.36%±2.37%; cinnamaldehyde 1.55-3.48 mg·g~(-1) and 19.02%±4.36%. The extraction amount of the substance benchmarks from the 18 batches was controlled at 10.65%-13.88%. In this paper, the quality value transfer of substance benchmarks in Huanglian Decoction was analyzed based on the characteristic spectra, the index component contents and the extraction amount, which has provided a basis for the subsequent development of Huanglian Decoction and the quality control of its related preparations.

Quality value transmitting of substance benchmarks of Zhuru Decoction / 中国中药杂志

A total of 18 batches of Zhuru Decoction samples were prepared. Chromatographic fingerprints were established for Zhuru Decoction and single decoction pieces, the content of which was then determined. The extraction rate ranges, content, and transfer rate ranges of puerarin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizic acid, together with the common peaks and the similarity range of the fingerprints, were determined to clarify key quality attributes of Zhuru Decoction. The 18 batches of Zhuru Decoction samples had 25 common peaks and the fingerprint similarity higher than 0.95. Puerariae Lobatae Radix, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens had 21, 3, and 1 characteristic peaks, respectively. The 18 batches of samples showed the extraction rates within the range of 18.45%-25.29%. Puerarin had the content of 2.20%-3.07% and the transfer rate of 38.5%-45.9%; liquiritin had the content of 0.24%-0.85% and the transfer rate of 15.9%-37.5%; glycyrrhizic acid had the content of 0.39%-1.87% and the transfer rate of 16.2%-32.8%. In this paper, the quality value transmitting of substance benchmarks of Zhuru Decoction was analyzed based on chromatographic fingerprints, extraction rate, and the content of index components. A scientific and stable method was preliminarily established, which provided a scientific basis for the quality control and formulation development of Zhuru Decoction.

Occupational health management of dispatched cleaning personnel at the nuclear medicine workplace in a medical institution / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

In recent years, labor dispatch has become a new form of employment in medical institutions for final disinfection, cleaning, garbage recycling and other work. Concerning the ambiguity of responsibilities and obligations in regard to dispatching workers′ occupational health management, most of employers and labor dispatching agencies failed to protect the legal rights and interests of dispatching workers during working. This article discusses the case of occupational health management and supervision of labor dispatch for cleaning worker at a nuclear medicine workplace in a medical institution.

Advances in the comprehensive treatment of pancreatic cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most malignant digestive cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatment is considered the only way to cure pancreatic cancer. For resectable pancreatic cancer, the principles of "artery-frst approach" and "systematic mesopancreas dissection" have improved the increase the local radicality and reduce the local recurrence rate. For borderline resectable pancreatic cancer and locally advanced pancreatic cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy can be used before surgical resection. Although there are no targeted and immunotherapeutic drugs for pancreatic cancer, clinical studies on monoclonal antibodies are ongoing. Chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy and irreversible electroporation are emerging therapies in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. In the present study, the status and progress of comprehensive treatment for pancreatic cancer are reviewed.

Literature Analysis and Textual Research on Huaihuasan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Huaihuasan， first recorded in Puji Benshifang by XU Shu-wei from the Southern Song dynasty， consists of four herbs， namely Sophorae Flos （fried）， Platycladi Cacumen （smashed with pestle and baked）， Schizonepetae Spica， and Aurantii Fructus （cut into pieces after the removal of pulp and then fried yellow with wheat bran）. At present， Huaihuasan and its modified formulas vary in clinical usages and dosages， and the resulting outcomes have been investigated. However， there are few reviews uncovering its historical evolution. On this basis， this review systematically combed and verified the historical evolution， dose conversion between ancient and modern times， efficacy， and indications of Huaihuasan， as well as the origin and processing of the contained herbs. The findings have demonstrated that Huaihuasan is composed of four herbs， with the original plants and medicinal parts basically the same as those recorded in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Sophorae Flos refers to the dried flower and bud of Sophora japonica in family Leguminosae， Platycladi Cacumen the dried branch and leaf of Platycladus orientalis in family Cupressaceae， Schizonepetae Spica the dried flower spike of Schizonepeta tenuifolia in family Labiatae， and Aurantii Fructus the dried immature fruit of Citrus aurantium in family Rutaceae or its cultivated varieties. On account of the efficacy in clearing intestine， stopping bleeding， dispersing wind， and moving Qi， Huaihuasan has been mainly used to treat intestinal diseases such as bloody defecation and perianal abscess. In modern clinical practice， it is mainly applicable to patients with hematochezia and bleeding due to internal hemorrhoid， ulcerative colitis， or anal fissure. It was suggested that the raw medicinal materials should be decocted and processed according to the methods described in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Following the conversion formula of one Qian=4 g， this paper determined the dosages of Sophorae Flos （fried）， Platycladi Cacumen （smashed with pestle and baked）， Schizonepetae Spica， and Aurantii Fructus （cut into pieces after the removal of pulp and then fried yellow with wheat bran） all to be 2 g， with the total dosage being 8 g. Such comprehensive analysis based on ancient books and modern literature has provided a more scientific reference for the clinical application， research， and development of this classical formula.

Regulation of Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts by Secretory Factors Derived from Osteocytes under Mechanical Loading / 医用生物力学

Osteocytes are the main mechanical sensory and transductive cells of bone tissues. They connect with each other through many synaptic structures to form a huge regulatory network of bone steady-state cells, which are connected with osteoblasts, osteoclasts and other bone matrix surface cells. Osteocytes regulate bone metabolism and maintain bone regeneration by affecting osteoblast bone formation and osteoclast bone resorption through paracrine pathway. Aiming at the effects of some signal molecules or protein factors secreted or released by osteocytes after mechanical stimulation on the growth and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts, this paper reviews recent advances in how mechanically stimulated osteocytes communicate with osteoblasts and osteoclasts, so as to provide new ideas for the study of osteocytes biomechanics.

Efficacy and safety of Shenyankangfu Tablet, a Chinese patent medicine, for primary glomerulonephritis: A multicenter randomized controlled trial / 中西医结合学报

BACKGROUND@#Shenyankangfu Tablet (SYKFT) is a Chinese patent medicine that has been used widely to decrease proteinuria and the progression of chronic kidney disease.@*OBJECTIVE@#This trial compared the efficacy and safety of SYKFT, for the control of proteinuria in primary glomerulonephritis patients, against the standard drug, losartan potassium.@*DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION@#This was a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Primary glomerulonephritis patients, aged 18-70 years, with blood pressure ≤ 140/90 mmHg, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 45 mL/min per 1.73 m@*MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES@#The primary outcome was change in the 24-hour proteinuria level, after 48 weeks of treatment.@*RESULTS@#A total of 735 participants were enrolled. The percent decline of urine protein quantification in the SYKFT group after 48 weeks was 8.78% ± 2.56% (P = 0.006) more than that in the losartan 50 mg group, which was 0.51% ± 2.54% (P = 1.000) less than that in the losartan 100 mg group. Compared with the losartan potassium 50 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 50 mg group had a 13.39% ± 2.49% (P < 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein level. Compared with the losartan potassium 100 mg group, the SYKFT plus losartan potassium 100 mg group had a 9.77% ± 2.52% (P = 0.001) greater reduction in urine protein. With a superiority threshold of 15%, neither was statistically significant. eGFR, serum creatinine and serum albumin from the baseline did not change statistically significant. The average change in TCM syndrome score between the patients who took SYKFT (-3.00 [-6.00, -2.00]) and who did not take SYKFT (-2.00 [-5.00, 0]) was statistically significant (P = 0.003). No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any group.@*CONCLUSION@#SYKFT decreased the proteinuria and improved the TCM syndrome scores of primary glomerulonephritis patients, with no change in the rate of decrease in the eGFR. SYKFT plus losartan potassium therapy decreased proteinuria more than losartan potassium therapy alone.@*TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER@#NCT02063100 on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Screening of IGF-1, NOS, FGF23 and Sclerost-Targeted Mechanoresponsive MicroRNAs / 医用生物力学

Objective To screen the secretory factor-related, mechanoresponsive microRNAs (miRNA) of osteocytes. Methods Cyclic mechanical tensile strain (ε=2.5,f=0.5 Hz) was applied to osteocytes and osteoblasts cultured in vitro respectively, and the differentially expressed miRNAs only in the osteocytes were screened out by using miRNA chip. Through bioinformatics technology, in these differentially expressed miRNAs, the target genes of secretory factors including insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), nitric oxide synthesase (NOS), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and sclerostin (SOST) were further screened out. Then the selected miRNAs were compared with the biochip detected, differentially expressed miRNAs in femur bone of the mice which were trained on treadmill, and four of these miRNAs were randomly selected for quantitative PCR verification. Results For the 77 differentially expressed miRNAs only in the mechanically strained osteocytes in vitro, 22 miRNAs whose target genes were the 4 secreted factors (IGF-1, NOS, FGF23 and SOST), were screened out. Moreover, a total of 11 miRNAs in the 22 miRNAs were differentially expressed in femur bone of the treadmill trained mice with the same trend as those in osteocytes in vitro, and the randomly selected miR-361-3p, miR-3082-5p, miR-6348 and miR-706 were confirmed to be differentially expressed with the same trend in femur bone and osteocytes. Conclusions These mechanoresponsive miRNAs differentially expressed only in osteocytes, such as miR-361-3p, miR-3082-5p, miR-6348 and miR-706, probably influence osteoblastic differentiation or bone metabolism through regulating the secretory factors.

Management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage: An update / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

With the widespread adoption of advanced tourniquets, the mortality rate of limb wound hemorrhage has decreased significantly, and non-compressible torso hemorrhage has gradually occupied the leading position of potentially preventable death, both in military and civilian circumstances. With the emergence of novel hemostatic devices and materials, strategies for the management of non-compressible torso hemorrhage have changed significantly. This review summarizes the current treatment strategies and types of equipment for non-compressible torso hemorrhage and suggests future research directions, hoping to provide a comprehensive review for the medical personnel and researchers engaging in this field.

Roles of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells in Breast Cancer Metastasis / 中国医学科学院学报

Breast cancer patients with bone,liver and lung metastases tend to have a poor prognosis.According to Paget's "seed and soil" theory,metastatic cancer cell "seeds" must fall on congenial target organ "soil".Studies have shown that myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs)can be recruited at the site of breast cancer metastasis in advance and play a role in the metastasis of breast cancer cells.This paper reviews the biological characteristics of MDSCs,the roles of MDSCs in peripheral circulation,prometastatic niche,and metastatic site during breast cancer metastasis,as well as the research progress of MDSCs-targeted treatment of breast cancer metastasis.

Application of mixed reality in oromaxillofacial head and neck oncology surgery: a preliminary study / 华西口腔医学杂志

Mixed reality (MR), characterized by the ability to integrate digital data into human real feeling, is a new technique in medical imaging and surgical navigation. MR has tremendous value in surgery, but its application in oromaxillofacial head and neck oncology surgery is not yet reported. This paper reports the application of MR in oromaxillofacial head and neck oncology surgery. The merits, demerits, and present research situations and prospects of MR are further discussed.

The post left atrium space index in normal fetus and its diagnostic value for fetal isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection / 中华超声影像学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of post left atrium space index (PLASI) in the diagnosis of fetal isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC).Methods:Twenty-six cases of fetal isolated TAPVC were retrospectively analyzed as the TAPVC group and 243 normal fetuses were selected as the control group from October 2012 to April 2019 in the Consultation Center of Maternal-Fetus Medicine in Fetal Heart Disease in Beijing An Zhen Hospital. The width of the PLAS and the diameter of the descending aorta were measured in the four chamber view, and then the PLAS index (PLASI) (the width of the PLAS/the diameter of the descending aorta) was calculated. The relationships between the width of PLAS, the diameter of descending aorta and the PLASI and gestational age were analyzed. The difference of the PLASI between isolated TAPVC group and control group was analyzed, and ROC curve was used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity in identifying the isolated TAPVC fetuses and normal fetuses.Results:In the 243 normal fetuses in control group, both the width of the PLAS and the diameter of the descending aorta increased with gestational age ( r s=0.362, 0.648, P<0.05). There was no statistically significant correlation between the PLASI and gestational age ( r s=-0.065, P>0.05). The PLAS and the PLASI in isolated TAPVC group were all significantly higher than those in control group ( t=26.31, 34.90, P<0.01). Based on the ROC curve analysis, when the cutoff value was set to 3.6 mm, the sensitivity and specificity of PLAS in identifying isolated TAPVC and normal fetuses were 97.5% and 100%, respectively. When the cutoff value was set to 1.1, the sensitivity and specificity of PLASI in identifying isolated TAPVC and normal fetuses were 100% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions:The PLASI is a sensitive parameter in identifying the isolated TAPVC, which is helpful for the rapid screening of the isolated TAPVC.

Relationship between tuberculosis and microbiota / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Tuberculosis(TB) caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis(Mtb) is a worldwide public health threat.Microbiota in body affects human health and is involved in human diseases, and its clinical importance is begi-nning to be understood.In this review, studies on the relationship between the establishment of Mtb infection and microbiota as well as the development and antibiotic treatment of Mtb infection were discussed.Studies have shown that: (1) microbiota influences the establishment of Mtb infection; (2) co-infection of Helicobacter pylori alters susceptibility to Mtb infection and progression of active TB; (3) microbiota influences the progression of TB by regulating the nutritio-nal, metabolic and immune status of the host; (4) susceptibility to reinfection increases in TB patients treated with antibiotics, possibly due to T-cell epitope depletion of common intestinal non-Mtb Mycobacterium, the effects of antibio-tics are long-term in patients; (5) the occurrence of childhood TB is age-related and many factors such as co-infection and vaccine inoculation increase risk.An in-depth study of the relationship between the microbiota and TB will provide a new perspective on the prevention of TB.

Effect of tea polyphenols in bone tissue cells and its application progress in tissue engineering / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Bone tissue plays an important role in maintaining physical activity and health. The study of the biological functions of bone tissue cells and their application in tissue engineering is of great significance for clinical prevention and treatment of orthopedic-related diseases. Tea polyphenols are the main components of tea, with natural antioxidant, scavenging free radical activity and anti-inflammatory effects. Research results indicated that tea polyphenols can promote the bone remodeling process mainly by enhancing the formation of osteoblasts and reducing the occurrence of osteoclasts. In addition, tea polyphenols can also be used as surface modification molecules of artificial bone materials and are widely used in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this paper, the regulatory effects of tea polyphenols in bone tissue cells and its application in tissue engineering were reviewed, and related research contents were summarized and prospected, in order to provide reference and theoretical basis for subsequent research work.

Advance in Automatic Assessment of Motor Function for Patients with Stroke (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

There were some disadvantages such as low efficiency and strong subjectivity for scale-based assessment for motor dysfunction after stroke. Recently, automatic assessment approaches based on sensor technology and machine learning were developed, which can be used for motor function assessment of stroke patients in terms of motion control, balance, gait and range of motion, etc.

Differential MiRNA/mRNA Expression Profiling and Functional Network Analysis for MC3T3-E1 Cells with Microgravity Stimulation Based on RNA-seq / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate the effect of microgravity on MC3T3-E1 osteoblast differentiation. Methods The differential miRNA and mRNA expression profiling of MC3T3-E1 cells during exposure to microgravity were established by RNA transcriptome sequencing technology (RNA-seq). The RNA sequencing results were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR). Bioinformatic analyses were applied for further study of these differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs. Results Compared with control (CON) group, A total of 1 912 coding transcripts and 160 miRNAs were detected along with osteogenic differentiation in simulated microgravity (SMG) group. Bioinformatic analysis revealed 10 core regulatory genes including 7 mRNAs and 3 miRNAs. Based on the analysis and verification, one miRNA, miR-9_6666-5p, was identified, which might play an important role in osteogenic differentiation process under microgravity. Conclusions The process of osteoblast differentiation was repressed under microgravity which might be related to the changed expression profile of miRNA/mRNA. The research findings can contribute to the better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of mRNA and miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation under the microgravity condition.

The choice of communication specialist for family member of organ donation and corresponding strategy for work difficulty / 器官移植

Communication with the family members of donors is an integral part of the organ donation and transplantation, and the core of it lies in building trust through interpersonal communication. Every word and deed from the communicator will directly affect the overall impression of family members of potential donors towards organ donation. Regardless of whether or not granted the donation ultimately, family members may share their personal experiences and feelings with friends and relatives around them, which develops a secondary dissemination. Therefore, "the choice of best candidate for communication with family members of organ donation" has been an issue that organ donation practitioners have been working on in clinical practice. Taking into consideration of the experiences from different countries or regions, various advices and practices on this issue have been proposed due to differences in social systems, cultural background, organizational structure, clinical practice, etc. In this paper, we had a discussion on this topic, summarize the difficulties currently encountered in communication with family members and propose corresponding strategies.