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Background@#Arctic-like (AL) lineages of rabies viruses (RABVs) remains endemic in some Arctic and Asia countries. However, their evolutionary dynamics are largely unappreciated. @*Objectives@#We attempted to estimate the evolutionary history, geographic origin and spread of the Arctic-related RABVs. @*Methods@#Full length or partial sequences of the N and G genes were used to infer the evolutionary aspects of AL RABVs by Bayesian evolutionary analysis. @*Results@#The most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) of the current Arctic and AL RABVs emerged in the 1830s and evolved independently after diversification. Population demographic analysis indicated that the viruses experienced gradual growth followed by a sudden decrease in its population size from the mid-1980s to approximately 2000.Genetic flow patterns among the regions reveal a high geographic correlation in AL RABVs transmission. Discrete phylogeography suggests that the geographic origin of the AL RABVs was in east Russia in approximately the 1830s. The ancestral AL RABV then diversified and immigrated to the countries in Northeast Asia, while the viruses in South Asia were dispersed to the neighboring regions from India. The N and G genes of RABVs in both clades sustained high levels of purifying selection, and the positive selection sites were mainly found on the C-terminus of the G gene. @*Conclusions@#The current AL RABVs circulating in South and North Asia evolved and dispersed independently.
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Objective To investigate the effect of diabetes on clinical efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in the treatment of non-viral hepatitis hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 367 non-hepatitis virus HCC patients treated by TACE, included 153 diabetes mellitus cases (test group) and blood glucose of 214 patients was normal (control group). To assess the treatment effect after 1 month of TACE based on response evaluation criteria in solid tumors, include complete response (CR), partial response (PR), stable disease (SD), progressive disease (PD), and calculate the disease control rate. Through 6 to 75 months follow-up to observed long-term efficacy, record the time to progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS) time. Survival rate were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank analysis by SPSS 16.0. The single-factor analysis was used to analyze variables which variables that differed were analyzed by Cox regression. Results The disease control rate of test group was 69.9%(107/153) and control group was 74.3%(159/214), the difference was no statistically significant (P=0.125). The median time to progression (mTTP) and median overall survival (mOS) of test group were 10.0 and 15.0 months;and the mTTP and mOS of control group were 14.0 and 19.0 months, the difference were statistically significant (P=0.023 and P= 0.026). Tumor diameter ≥4.5 cm, numbers of tumor ≥3, invasion of blood vessels, α-fetoprotein≥200 μg/L, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score and diabetes were risk factors for OS of HCC patients. Conclusion Diabetes is unfavorable factors for overall survival of non-hepatitis HCC tread by TACE.
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The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) can cause reproductive barriers in breeding pigs and respiratory symptoms in piglets. In this review, we summarize research progress of the infection and replication mechanisms of the PRRSV. We also review the virulence determinants of the PRRSV. All these fundamental studies are important for the control and elimination of the PRRSV.
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Animals , Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome , Virology , Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus , Genetics , Virulence , Physiology , Swine , Virulence , Virus ReplicationABSTRACT
Objective To explore the long-term effect of bronchial artery, embolization (BAE) in patients with massive hemoptysis and the factors associated with prognosis. Methods Ninety six patients underwent BAE from 2002 to 2008 for the management of mass hemoptysis were retrospectively analyzed. Of them, BAE was successfully performed in 94 patients (mean age 43 years, age range 21 to 80 years), including active or inactive tuberculosis (89 cases), bronchiectasis (2 cases) and pulmonary carcinoma (5 cases). Results BAE resulted in an immediate cessation of hemoptysis in 94 of the initial 96 patients (97.9%). The rate of hemoptysis controlling at 30 d, 90 d, 1 year and 2 year after the BAE was 93.6% (88/94), 86. 2% (81/94), 81.9% (77/94) and 78.7% (74/94) respectively. Haemoptysis recurred in 9 patients in 30 days after the BAE due to missing of target vessel or recanalization. Five patients had recurrence of haemoptysis after 30 days and 2 patients recurrent after 90 days due to development of systemic collateral, progress in primary lesions and secondary infection. Conclusion BAE is an effective technique in the emergency treatment of massive hemoptysis. Avoiding missing target vessel, selecting the appropriate embolic material, paying attention to treatment of the primary disease after BAE, and preventing infection would improve the effects of BAE for massive hemoptysis.
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Objective To study the chemincal theraputic effect and value of pancreatic carcinoma by regional arterial infusion and catheter mantained.Methods The catheterization using Selolinger by transfemoral artery puncture were performed in fifteen patients.The ends of catheters were inserted into coeliac trunk.The segments of catheters out of body were circled and fixed above inguinal ligment.After operation,the chemotherapy transcatheters were performed with ADF projects.Results Of 15 cases,jaundice was disappeared in 8 cases,slight ened in 4 cases,the total effective rate was 80%(12/15).Abdominal pain was disappeared in 9 cases and slight ened in 6 cases Appetite and weight of patients were improved and increased in 12 cases.The 1,2 and 3 year survival rates were 60%(9/15),33.3%(5/15),20%(3/15).Conclusion The chemotherapy by the regional arterial infusion is superior to traditonal venous chemotherapy for pancreatic carcinoma.
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AIM: Study on the effects of Xianhuahuogudan Granule (XHHGDG) (Radix et Rhizowa Salviae uiltiorrhizae, Rhizoma Drynariae,etc) in treatment of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in order to provide basis for clinical use. METHODS: 40 full-grown well New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups:normal group,model group,MaShGuPian group and XHHGDG group.Except the normal group, The other three groups were administered intramuscularly with steroid.From the 9 th week after production of models,the normal group and the model group were treated with normal saline,XHHGDG group with XHHGDG aqueous solution,and MaShGuPian group with MaShGuPian aqueous solution.All of the rabbits were killed 14 weeks after baseline for the research material. After making pathomorphology of bone,blood viscosity and content of blood lipid will be acquired. RESULTS: The blood viscosity and content of blood lipid were lower significantly in the XHHGDG group than those in the model group.Compared with model group,XHHGDG group significantly showed followings:the small bone trabeculas were fuller;most of bone cells were normal.Although of adipose cell existed in the margin of marrow,the cells for producing blood were enriched;numbers of empty bone lacuna were 16.4%(P