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OBJE CTIVE To inv estigate the antibiotic use and rationality for children in community health service institutions from Beijing ，and to provide reference for promoting rational use of antibiotics in primary healthcare institutions. METHODS All the prescriptions for children from primary healthcare institutions in 2019 were extracted from prescription review system of community health service institutions in Beijing. The use of antibiotics was described according to the related indicators of the World Health Organization/International Network for Rational Use of Drug （WHO/INRUD）. The structure of antibiotics use was analyzed according to the anatomical therapeutic chemical （ATC）classification as well as the WHO AWaRe classification and diagnosis. RESULTS A total of 288 primary healthcare institutions and 10 422 prescriptions for children were included. The number of institutions in high-income areas ，middle-income areas and low-income areas were 119，80 and 89 respectively，and the number of prescriptions involved were 2 430，2 163 and 5 829 respectively，including 1 447 prescriptions involving antibiotics （13.9％）. Among 1 447 prescriptions，the rate of prescriptions involving combined use of antibiotics was 1.4％（20 pieces）；the rate of prescriptions involving antibiotics injection was 9.7％（141 pieces）；4.8％ antibiotics prescriptions were rated as unreasonable （69 pieces）. The three most commonly used antibiotics were the macrolides （40.2％），the second-generation cephalosporins （26.5％） and the third-generati on cephalosporins （23.4％）. The proportion of antibioti cs prescriptions from groups of access ，caution， reserve and not recommended were 9.1％，92.1％，0.3％，and 0， respectively. The rate of antibiotics prescriptions fortonsillitis was the highest （31.9％ ）. Among 69 irrationalantibiotics prescriptions ，main of them were irrational drug use （56 pieces，81.2％）. CONCLUSIONS The rate of antibiotics prescriptions for children in primary healthcare institutions from Beijing is lower than the standard of WHO antibiotics prescription rate （20.0％-26.8％），but the use rate of antibiotics at caution grade is too high.
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@#Objective To compare the effects of Flexi-bar training in different exercise patterns on trunk stability muscles.Methods From June, 2020 to January, 2021, 21 healthy men in Beijing Bo'ai Hospital finished Flexi-bar exercise in seven patterns in random order, namely no vibration, two hands-front vibration, dominant hand-front vibration, non dominant hand-front vibration, two hands-up vibration, two hands-down vibration and two hands-back vibration. The average voltage of electromyography of upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, latissimus dorsi and lumbar multifidus were recorded with surface electromyography during seven kinds of Flexi-bar exercise.Results The average voltage of lumbar multifidus was the most as two hands-front vibration (F=42.362, P<0.001); however, it was the most for upper trapezius and lower trapezius as two hands-up vibration (F > 10.935, P<0.001), it was the most for latissimus dorsi as two hands-back vibration (F=35.243, P<0.001), and it was the most for ipsilateral middle trapezius as non dominant hand-front vibration (F=40.400, P<0.001).Conclusion Flexi-bar training can effectively activate the contraction of trunk stability muscles, and it can be optimized in targeted patterns.
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Objective: To estimate the incidence of metabolic syndrome and explore possible risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults of rural communities in Yuhuan county, Zhejiang province, China. Methods: During June-December, 2018, a follow-up survey was conducted in participants without metabolic syndrome at baseline survey in 2012 to obtain the information collected in questionnaire survey, anthropometric data and laboratory data. The incidence of metabolic syndrome in the participants was estimated, and Logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors, adjusted risk ratio (aRR) and 95%CI. Results: Among 3 162 participants, 522 new metabolic syndrome cases were identified. The 6-year cumulative incidence rate of metabolic syndrome was 16.5%, and the cumulative incidence rate was higher in women (20.6%) than that in men (12.3%, P<0.001). Those incidence rates were higher in those in jobless, smoking or drinking groups. Being women (aRR=1.96, 95%CI: 1.50-2.58) and family history of hypertension (aRR=1.31, 95%CI: 1.04-1.63) were independent risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The follow up indicated that the incidence of metabolic syndrome was relatively high in rural adults on islands in Zhejiang, and women or those with family history of hypertension were more likely to have metabolic syndrome.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Incidence , Islands , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Rural PopulationABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nonsurgical methods in early postnatal correction of congenital auricle malformation.Methods:The clinical trials regarding non-surgical treatment for congenital ear deformity published before May 2021 were searched in databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. The information of included studies was extracted. The Meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.3 software.Results:A total of 15 trials were included, involving 1 349 patients. The Meta-analysis results showed that the effect of the group <6 weeks was better than the group over 6 weeks ( OR=4.67, 95% CI: 3.21, 6.78, Z=8.09, P<0.001); The complications incidence of the group < 6 weeks was lower than the group over 6 weeks ( OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.88, Z=2.18, P=0.03); The correction time required of the group <6 weeks was shorter than the group over 6 weeks ( MD=-11.81, 95% CI: -18.36, -5.26, Z=3.54, P=0.001). Conclusions:Non-surgical correction of congenital ear malformation within 6 weeks after birth has better efficacy and safety.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the intestinal absorption characteristics of multi-index components in Danggui Buxuetang with drug absorption simulating system （DASS） established by everted intestinal sac model. MethodThe intestinal absorption solution at different time points after administration of Danggui Buxuetang was collected and detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）， acetonitrile （A）-0.2% glacial acetic acid solution （B） was used as the mobile phase for gradient elution （0-16 min， 15%-23%A； 16-20 min， 23%-28%A； 20-25 min， 28%-30%A； 25-30 min， 30%A； 30-35 min， 30%-65%A； 35-45 min， 65%-95%A）， the detection wavelength was 302 nm. HPLC fingerprint of intestinal absorption solution was established and the common peak was calibrated， and the relative cumulative absorption rate of each index component was calculated. The relative cumulative absorption curves of components were fitted with various mathematical models by DDSolver 1.0 to explore the absorption law of different components. ResultThe absorption process of C2 （calycosin-7-glucoside） and C6 in Danggui Buxuetang was in line with zero-order equation， C9 was best fitted by Weibull equation， and the remaining 7 components were in line with Makoid-Banakar equation. C1 with C2， C3， C5， C7 and C10， C2 with C5 and C7， C3 with C4， C5， C7 and C10， C4 with C6 and C10， C5 with C7， C6 with C10， C7 with C10， C8 with C9 were absorbed simultaneously during the absorption process. With the prolongation of time， the overall cumulative absorption rate of Danggui Buxuetang increased. At 120 min， the overall cumulative absorption rate of Danggui Buxuetang exceeded 38%， and reached 49.14% at 180 min. ConclusionTen ingredients in Danggui Buxuetang are absorbed in the jejunum， but absorption law of various components is different， which shows that the intestinal absorption of compound preparations of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has multiple characteristics. Intestinal absorption study of TCM compound preparations with chemical composition as the index can reveal some of its absorption law， but it is not complete.
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Ischemic stroke， also known as cerebral infarction， is the most common type of stroke. Ischemic stroke is extremely harmful with high rates of morbidity， incidence， disability， and mortality， bringing a huge burden on society and families. As a result， finding new and effective prevention and treatment methods is critical. The pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke is very complex and superimposed， with inflammatory response serving as a critical pathological link in the ischemic stroke cascade injury process. NOD-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） is an intracellular sensor， and the inflammatory cascade mediated by the activated NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate ischemic stroke injury through the release of inflammatory factors. Taking the NLRP3 inflammasome as the entry point， a large number of experimental studies on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome have been carried out， which proved that Chinese medicinal monomers or prescriptions with the main functions of tonifying deficiency， clearing heat and removing toxin， eliminating phlegm， promoting circulation and resolving stasis can interfere with the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， reduce the inflammatory response， and relieve ischemic stroke. This study reviewed the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke， and the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke by TCM through regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome， which provides a new entry point for the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke and a direction for the development of new treatments for ischemic stroke.
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Ischemic stroke， also known as cerebral infarction， is the most common type of stroke. Ischemic stroke is extremely harmful with high rates of morbidity， incidence， disability， and mortality， bringing a huge burden on society and families. As a result， finding new and effective prevention and treatment methods is critical. The pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke is very complex and superimposed， with inflammatory response serving as a critical pathological link in the ischemic stroke cascade injury process. NOD-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） is an intracellular sensor， and the inflammatory cascade mediated by the activated NLRP3 inflammasome can exacerbate ischemic stroke injury through the release of inflammatory factors. Taking the NLRP3 inflammasome as the entry point， a large number of experimental studies on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） in the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome have been carried out， which proved that Chinese medicinal monomers or prescriptions with the main functions of tonifying deficiency， clearing heat and removing toxin， eliminating phlegm， promoting circulation and resolving stasis can interfere with the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， reduce the inflammatory response， and relieve ischemic stroke. This study reviewed the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome， the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke， and the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke by TCM through regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome， which provides a new entry point for the pathological mechanism of ischemic stroke and a direction for the development of new treatments for ischemic stroke.
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Obesity is increasingly prevalent globally, searching for therapeutic agents acting on adipose tissue is of great importance. Equisetin (EQST), a meroterpenoid isolated from a marine sponge-derived fungus, has been reported to display antibacterial and antiviral activities. Here, we revealed that EQST displayed anti-obesity effects acting on adipose tissue through inhibiting adipogenesis in vitro and attenuating HFD-induced obesity in mice, doing so without affecting food intake, blood pressure or heart rate. We demonstrated that EQST inhibited the enzyme activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), a therapeutic target of obesity in adipose tissue. Anti-obesity properties of EQST were all offset by applying excessive 11β-HSD1's substrates and 11β-HSD1 inhibition through knockdown in vitro or 11β-HSD1 knockout in vivo. In the 11β-HSD1 bypass model constructed by adding excess 11β-HSD1 products, EQST's anti-obesity effects disappeared. Furthermore, EQST directly bond to 11β-HSD1 protein and presented remarkable better intensity on 11β-HSD1 inhibition and better efficacy on anti-obesity than known 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Therefore, EQST can be developed into anti-obesity candidate compound, and this study may provide more clues for developing higher effective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors.
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Objective:To study the application value of flipped classroom teaching mode in clinical teaching of gynecological operating room.Methods:A total of 146 cases of gynecological operating room intern nursing students in The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province from January 2020 to April 2020 were selected as the research objects and divided into two groups according to different time. Before the flipped classroom teaching mode was carried out from January 2020 to February 2020, 73 cases were included in the control group, and after the flipped classroom teaching mode was carried out from March 2020 to April 2020, 73 cases were included in the observation group. The theory and operation scores of the two groups before and after teaching were compared, and the satisfaction of the practice nurses to the teaching and the evaluation of the observation group to the flipped classroom teaching mode were observed. After the teaching, the performances of the two groups of nursing students and the teaching satisfaction were compared using SPSS 22.0 to conduct t test, chi-square test and rank sum test. Results:The theoretical results[(88.52±8.99) points] and operational results[(89.79±7.51) points] of the observation group were significantly higher than those[(72.40±7.45) points and (73.66±7.77) points] of the control group, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The teaching methods and self-evaluation satisfaction of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The application of flipped classroom teaching mode in the teaching of nursing students in gynecological operating room can improve the students' operation and theoretical level, and the students have a high degree of recognition and satisfaction with the teaching mode.
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Objective:To establish a scientific and standardized routine for perioperative nursing in pediatric otolaryngology, reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium, and improve the quality of postoperative recovery by implementing the best practice of evaluation and intervention of postoperative delirium in pediatric otolaryngology.Methods:By reviewing literature related to evaluation, prevention, intervention and management of postoperative delirium in pediatric otolaryngology from March 2018 to September 2019, fourteen best practice were concluded. By combining the best evidence and the clinical circumstances, the evidenced-based criteria were established and then applied in the Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery Department, the Children ′s Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Results:After three rounds of reviews, the results showed that the criteria 2, 3, 6, and 8 had 100.0% complacence. Comparison of before and after applying the evidence, there was no statistically significant difference for the occurrence of postoperative delirium or pain ( P>0.05); there was a statistically significant reduction of pain score at 60 minutes after returning to the ward ( χ2=9.93, P<0.05); there was a statistically significant reduction of preoperative anxiety score of children ′s family members from (33.36 ± 6.84) points to (29.54 ± 6.94) points ( F=6.33, P<0.05); there was a statistically significant increase of doctors ′ score of delirium knowledge based on evidence from (23.00 ± 3.94) points to (33.43 ± 8.25) points ( t=-3.02, P<0.05); and there was a statistically significant increase of nurses ′ score of delirium knowledge based on evidence from (33.11 ± 8.46) points to (57.79 ± 6.58) points ( t=-10.35, P<0.05) when the evidence was applied. Conclusion:The evidence-based practice didn ′t significantly relieve the postoperative delirium in pediatric otolaryngology, but it was helpful to relieve the postoperative pain level of children and the anxiety level of their families. The management of postoperative delirium in pediatric otolaryngology needs to be further explored.
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OBJECTIVE：To provide scientific basis for evaluating the burden caused by antibiotic resistance （AbR）and reference for policy making on crubing AbR in China. METHODS ：Databases including CNKI ，Wanfang database ，VIP，PubMed， Scopus，Medline and EconoLite from Jan. 1st 2016 to Aug. 10th 2020 were searched to collect studies on burden caused by AbR in China . After independent literature screening anddata extraction ，Newcastle-Ottawa scale （NOS）was used to evaluate the literature quality ，and a descriptive analysis was conduced to evaluate the health and economic burden caused by AbR. RESULTS ：A total of 27 Chinese and English literatures were included. The NOS scores of i ncluded literatures were 4-6，and all of them were retrospective case-control study ； the patients were divided into case group （resistance infection ） and control group （susceptible infection or non-infection ）； mortality，length of stay and medical expenditure were commonly applied as the measurement indexes. In the included studies ，the mortality of patients infected with AbR bacteria was 0.7-12.0 times that of patients infected with susceptible bacteria ；the mean or medium value of total length of stay was 0.9-2.5 times that of patients infected with susceptible bacteria ；the mean or medium of total medical expenditure was 1.0-2.7 times that of patients with susceptible bacteria infection. The differences in these indicators were greater between patients infected with AbR infections and those without becterial infections. CONCLUSIONS ：Bacterial drug resistance could increase the health and economic burden. However ，the existing relevant studies were mainly single center researches，the sample representation was insufficient ；the research design did not adjust for time-dependent bias ；the repeatability was low ，and the perspective of evalution was limited. It is urgent to carry out multicenter studies with higher quality to comprehensively evaluate the health and economic burden caused by AbR in China.
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Objective:To evaluate the value of 68Ga-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraazacyclododecane-1, 4, 7, 10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04 PET/CT on assessing different pathological grades in patients with renal fibrosis. Methods:A total of 25 patients (11 males, 14 females; age (39.3±13.9) years) diagnosed with renal fibrosis in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from September 2020 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent renal puncture examination and 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination. The pathological results of kidney puncture were as the " gold standard" to divide the patients into mild fibrosis (Ⅰ), moderate fibrosis (Ⅱ), and severe fibrosis (Ⅲ). At the same time, 20 patients (10 males, 10 females; age (47.5±13.2) years) who underwent 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT examination showed no abnormal uptake of radioactivity in bilateral kidneys and no history of urinary system related diseases were enrolled as normal controls. Parameters including the maximum standardized uptake value (SUV max) of both kidneys, the mean standardized uptake value (SUV mean) of the liver, target/background ratio (TBR), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and serum creatinine (Scr) were collected. Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test and Bonferroni correction method were used to compare the differences of SUV max, SUV mean, TBR and Scr among groups. One-way analysis of variance and least significant difference (LSD) t test were used to compare the difference of GFR among groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of SUV max for the degree of renal fibrosis. Results:Of 25 patients, 22 had increased imaging agent uptake and the sensitivity of 68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT in diagnosing renal fibrosis was 88%. The SUV max and TBR of patients with fibrosis grade Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than those of controls (SUV max: 4.40(3.30, 4.50), 5.90(4.28, 6.48), 8.50(7.50, 9.73) and 1.44(1.38, 1.68); TBR: 6.340±2.389, 8.097±1.420, 11.343±2.002 and 2.986±0.645; H values: 33.685, 32.368, all adjusted P<0.05 (Bonferroni correction method)). The Scr of patients with fibrosis grade Ⅰ and Ⅲ were significantly different (70.1(55.4, 92.5) and 174.1(161.4, 498.2) μmol/L; H=9.770, adjusted P<0.05 (Bonferroni correction method)). The liver SUV mean of patients with renal fibrosis grades Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of controls (0.673±0.129, 0.751±0.170 and 0.514±0.142; H=15.609, both adjusted P<0.05 (Bonferroni correction method)). The GFR of patients with fibrosis grade Ⅲ had significant differences with grade Ⅰ and Ⅱ ((27.867±15.747), (87.756±31.657) and (63.160±29.556) ml/min; F=8.298, both P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve was 0.946 7 (95% CI: 0.899 6-0.993 8, P<0.001). Conclusion:68Ga-DOTA-FAPI-04 PET/CT has a certain value in evaluating the degree of renal fibrosis, which can be used as a supplementary examination method for diagnosing renal fibrosis.
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Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is the treasure of the Chinese nation. As an important raw material for clinical treatment of diseases， Chinese materia medica plays an extremely important role. However， in the process of transformation from traditional wild collection of animals and plants to modern artificial cultivation and industrial production of preparations， whether the quality of Chinese materia medica is fully transferred will directly affect the quality and clinical efficacy of Chinese materia medica preparation. From the field to the sickbed， process control of quality transfer of Chinese materia medica is the key to guarantee quality and curative effect. In this paper， the whole process that affects the quality of Chinese materia medica preparations such as seed and seedling， planting and breeding， harvesting and processing， processing of decoction pieces and preparation production was analyzed. Paying attention to the whole process of quality control of Chinese materia medica is of great significance to improve the quality of Chinese materia medica preparations and promote the rapid development of TCM. Based on this， the author intended to analyze the key control links in the quality transfer process of Chinese materia medica （breeding， planting areas and field management， timely harvesting and intensive primary processing， appropriate processing， optimization of preparation technology， standardization of packaging and informationization of storage and transportation）， in order to provide reference for the design and development of Chinese materia medica preparations guided by clinical value.
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Objective:To compare the effects of neuromuscular joint facilitation (NJF) or isotonic muscle training on dynamic and static balance in healthy young men. Methods:October, 2019, twelve students of Capital Medical University School of Rehabilitation Medicine (aged 20 to 29) were evaluated the balance indexes of single leg standing on stable support with eyes closing and single leg standing on unstable support with eyes opening with BIODEX Balance Tester, and measured 10-meter walking time and Timed 'Up and Go' Test (TUGT) after non-intervention, NJF ankle joint pattern and ankle flexion and extension. Results:The balance indexes, 10-meter walking time and TUGT were the least after NJF (F > 18.941, P < 0.01). Conclusion:NJF ankle joint model can improve the dynamic and static balance ability of human body more effectively than isotonic contraction training alone.
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OBJECTIVE：To provide re ference for scientific management and rational use of antibiotics. METHODS ：Provincial antibiotic classification management lists were retrieved from official websites of provincial health administrative departments ， CNKI and other search engines from Apr. 2012 to Mar. 2020. The difference and adjustment of those lists were analyzed descriptively. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ： Since April 2012， 30 provinces released provincial antibiotic classification management lists ，among which only 10 provinces updated the lists. In the provincial classification management lists ，the list of Jiangsu included the most antibiotics （208 kinds），that of Xinjiang involved the least （101 kinds）. Among the 253 antibiotics included in the provincial lists ，134 antibiotics had two management levels ，and 19 antibiotics had three management levels. The 10 antibiotics with the most times of adjustment in the provincial lists mainly include nitimidazoles ，β-lautam compound preparations and quinolones. There was the phenomenon that the same antibiotics were simultaneously included or withdrawn from the lists ，and the grading management level was increased or decreased in the provincial adjustment. Provincial classification management lists updated slowly in China ，and the quantity and classification of drugs selected in the list were quite different. It is suggested that provincial health administrative departments should continuously optimizeand improve classification management list of antibiotics ， and form a long-term mechanism of dynamic adjustment of list and inter-provincial evidence sharing ，so as to promote the rational clinical use of antibiotics ，and curb bacterial resistance.
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Objective:To investigate the characteristics of serum immunoglobulin and complement levels in centenarians in Hainan.Methods:Fasting venous blood samples from 969 centenarians in Hainan province were collected and from 364 seniors serving as the control group.Levels of serum immunoglobulin A, G, M and E, immunoglobulin light chain κ and λ, and complement C3 and C4 were measured.Serum immunoglobulin and complement levels were analyzed in subjects based on age, sex, ethnicity, diet and smoking.Results:Serum levels of immunoglobulin G and E, and immunoglobulin light chain κ were higher in the centenarian group than in the control group[15.9(13.8, 18.3)g/L vs.14.9(13.1, 16.9)g/L; 270.0(85.5, 851.0) vs.180.5 kU/L(58.0, 556.2)kU/L, 4.1(3.5, 4.9)g/L vs.4.0(3.1, 4.6)g/L, P<0.05]. Serum levels of immunoglobulin M, and complement C3 and C4 were lower in the centenarian group than in the control group[1.0(0.7, 1.4)g/L vs.1.1(0.8, 1.5)g/L, 1.0(0.9, 1.2) vs.1.1(1.0, 1.3), 0.2(0.2, 0.3) vs.0.3(0.2, 0.3), P<0.05]. Serum levels of immunoglobulin M and complement C3 were higher in female centenarians than in male centenarians[1.1(0.7, 1.4) vs.1.0(0.7, 1.3), 1.0(0.9, 1.1) vs.1.0(0.8, 1.1), P<0.05]. There were significant differences in immunoglobulin A, G and E, and immunoglobulin light chain κ and λ between centenarians of different ethnicities( P<0.01). Serum immunoglobulin M levels were higher in centenarians with a long history of milk-drinking than in those without the history[1.2(0.8, 1.5) vs.1.0(0.7, 1.4), P<0.01]. Conclusions:Serum levels of immunoglobulins and complements are different among centenarians of different ages, genders, ethnicities and diet habits.Factors such as advanced age, female gender, ethnic minority and milk drinking tend to promote the expression of immunoglobulins and complements.
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Objective:To systematically review parents ′ experience of caring for children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) to fully understand care needs and improve the psychological state and caregiving quality of parents. Methods:The qualitative studies on parents ′ experience of caring for children with CKD were retrieved from following databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, VIP, CBM, and WanFang Data from inception to March 2020. The quality of included researches was evaluated according to the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia. The results were integrated by pooled integration methods. Results:A total of 14 studies were included. 69 results were summarized and integrated to form 10 categories. These categories extracted 4 integrated results: parents' physical and mental condition are affected, relationship between parents and their support system has changed, reconstruction of parents ′ life, unmet care needs and problems. Conclusions:Parents are crucial to the disease management of children with CKD, so clinical medical staff should not only provide medical services for children, but also pay more attention to the psychological status and needs of parents, so as to provide guidance and support to promote parents to better implement care and disease management for children.
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Objective@#To investigate the gender difference of left-behind adolescents mental health in rural junior middle schools, and to explore possible moderating role of parent-child interaction.@*Methods@#Based on the data of China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) from 2014 to 2015, the self-reported parent-child interaction frequency and mental health of 3 470 eighth grade students lived in rural area were analyzed.@*Results@#Mental health scores were higher in left-behind boys (68.90±22.45) whose parents migration compared to left-behind girls (63.59±20.83)(t=3.02, P<0.01). The two-level mixed effect linear regression model showed that the negative impact of parental migration on the parentchild interaction and mental health of left behind girls was greater than that of left behind boys (B=-0.90, -4.02, P<0.05). The frequency of parent-child interaction moderated the gender difference of mental health of left behind adolescents (P<0.01). The above-mentioned gender differences decreased after adding the frequency of parent-child interaction (B=-3.65, P<0.1).@*Conclusion@#The negative impact of parental migration on mental health of left-behind girls in junior high school is stronger than boys. It is needed to take more care of the mental health and promote parent-child communication for left-behind girls.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical therapeutic effect between herb-separated moxibustion on navel combined with @*METHODS@#A total of 66 patients with non-liquefaction semen of dampness and heat diffusing downward were randomized into an observation group (33 cases, 2 cases dropped off) and a control group (33 cases, 2 cases dropped off). In the control group, @*RESULTS@#After treatment, the time of semen liquefaction was shortened (@*CONCLUSION@#Herb-separated moxibustion on navel combined with
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Hot Temperature , Humans , Male , Moxibustion , Semen , Semen Analysis , Sperm MotilityABSTRACT
Objective To fully understand the actual situation and existing problems in vaccination outpatient services, which will provide information to support and improve the standardized construction of vaccination outpatient service and the whole-process vaccination management. Methods Cross-sectional study was conducted among all the vaccination outpatient services in Huangpu District of Shanghai.Data were collected by self-examination and health supervision.Analysis was focused on the conformance with the six aspects of management requirements, which included institution and personnel management, layout of facilities, vaccine and cold-chain management, vaccination management, disinfection and isolation management and medical waste management. Results Twenty-one vaccination clinics were included in the study.There were significant differences for conformance between self-examination and health supervision, public and private medical institutions (P < 0.05).There was no significant difference in the overall compliance rate among six aspects of management requirement (P > 0.05), indicating that they were relatively balanced.On analysis within the 6 aspects, there were significant differences in the indicator compliance rate for 4 aspects of management requirement, including institution and personnel management, layout of facilities, vaccine and cold-chain management, disinfection and isolation management (P < 0.05). Conclusion The standardized construction of vaccination outpatient service should be strengthened with the emphasis on the following: implementation and consolidation of management requirements, enhancement of responsibility consciousness in vaccination outpatient service, construction of special-need vaccination outpatient service in private medical institutions, and improvement of publicity and guidance education.