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Objective:To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the iterative cone beam CT (iCBCT) imaging mode of Varian linear accelerators and to explore its specific advantages in clinical application.Methods:The kV cone beam CT (CBCT) imaging systems of Halcyon 2.0, Edge, and VitalBeam linear accelerators from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital were selected, among which Halcyon 2.0 and Edge were equipped with the iCBCT imaging mode. The Penta-Guide phantom was used to evaluate the registration accuracy of iCBCT imaging modes. The accuracy of treatment couch position was measured by a ruler. The image quality of the iCBCT and conventional CBCT modes of various imaging devices were analyzed using the CatPhan604 phantom. The imaging beam-on time and reconstruction time were measured to assess image acquisition efficiency. The uniformity, spatial resolution, contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), image acquisition time and reconstruction time between two imaging modes were statistically analyzed by t-test. Results:The maximum deviations of image registration measurement results of the iCBCT mode for Halcyon 2.0 and Edge accelerators compared to the standard values were 0.7 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. The treatment couch position error of all devices was less than 1 mm. The iCBCT images under head scanning protocol primarily improved the uniformity and CNR. Compared to conventional CBCT images, Halcyon iCBCT increased the uniformity and CNR by 2.50% ( P<0.001) and 78.85% ( P<0.001), respectively, while Edge increased them by 2.18% ( P<0.001) and 86.42% ( P<0.001), both superior to VitalBeam CBCT images. Under pelvis scanning protocols, iCBCT images primarily improved the CNR compared to conventional CBCT images. Halcyon and Edge iCBCT increased the CNR by 113.57% ( P<0.001) and 133.87% ( P<0.001), respectively, both superior to VitalBeam CBCT images. In terms of image acquisition efficiency, the average reconstruction times for Halcyon and Edge iCBCT images increased by 7.28 s and 15.53 s, respectively, and the total image acquisition time of Halcyon accelerator was the shortest. Conclusions:While ensuring the registration accuracy, iCBCT imaging mode can significantly improve the CNR of images and improve the uniformity of images under head scanning protocol. The Halcyon imaging system can enhance image acquisition efficiency.
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BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that chronic apical periodontitis is one of the common inflammatory bone destruction diseases.Icariin can promote osteogenic differentiation,inhibit bone resorption,and may play a protective role in bone destruction caused by chronic apical periodontitis. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of icariin on the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in the inflammatory environment stimulated by lipopolysaccharides. METHODS:Lipopolysaccharides were used to stimulate MC3T3-E1 cells to establish an inflammatory environment in vitro,and cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the best concentration and optimal action time of lipopolysaccharides.Cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the optimal concentration of icariin under the stimulation of lipopolysaccharides at a concentration of 1 μg/mL.Alkaline phosphatase detection,Real-time PCR and western blot assay were used to detect the effect of icariin on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells in the inflammatory environment.Real-time PCR and western blot were used to detect the effects of icariin on the expression of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in MC3T3-E1 cells in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated inflammatory environment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cell counting kit-8 results showed that the optimal concentration of icariin was 0.1 μg/mL.In the inflammatory environment,icariin enhanced the expression of alkaline phosphatase and promoted osteoblast differentiation.Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the expression of osteogenesis-related factors alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 was increased in the lipopolysaccharide+icariin group.Compared with the lipopolysaccharide group,the expression levels of inflammation-related factors interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 decreased in the lipopolysaccharide+icariin group.To conclude,lipopolysaccharides weaken the osteogenic ability of MC3T3-E1 cells and aggravate the inflammatory response,but icariin has a protective effect on them.
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Objective:To study the incidence and risk factors of central vein stenosis (CVS) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who received arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation for the first time, as well as effects of CVS on patency of ipsilateral AVF.Methods:It was a retrospective study. The CKD patients who received AVF creation for the first time in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to August 2020, with central vein digital subtraction angiography (DSA) results prior to angioplasty were selected as the study subjects. The differences of incidence of CVS in CKD patients with/without a history of cervical catheterization and primary patency rates of AVF between CVS and non-CVS groups were compared. Logistic regression analysis method was applied to analyze the influencing factors of CVS in CKD patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the primary patency rate of AVF. Cox regression analysis method was used to analyze the effect of CVS on the primary patency of ipsilateral AVF.Results:A total of 283 CKD patients aged (50.45±14.76) years were enrolled in the study, including 165 males (58.3%). The dialysis age was 0.5 (0, 7.0) months. There were 55 patients (19.4%) diagnosed with CVS before AVF, including 39 patients with stenosis <50% and 16 patients with stenosis ≥50%. The incidence of CVS in patients with history of right internal jugular vein central venous catheter insertion was significantly higher than that in those without this history [60.5% (26/43) vs. 9.9% (15/151), χ2=51.274, P<0.001]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that hemodialysis catheters indwelling time ≥3 months elevated the risk of CVS ( OR=4.345, 95% CI 1.540-12.263, P=0.006). A subset of 268 patients who had AVF creation ipsilateral to CVS were analyzed to determine the effects of CVS on patency of AVF. The median follow-up time was 34 months. The primary patency rate of AVF in the moderate to severe CVS group was significantly lower than that in the non-CVS group (5/7 vs. 58/228, χ2=7.720, P=0.005). The primary patency rates of AVF in the subclavian vein stenosis group and superior vena cava stenosis group were significantly lower than those in the brachiocephalic vein stenosis group (4/5 vs. 8/27, χ 2=6.974, P=0.008; 6/8 vs. 8/27, χ 2=6.908, P=0.009, respectively). Moderate to severe CVS and combined diabetes were independent influencing factors of primary patency of AVF ( HR=4.362, 95% CI 1.644-11.574, P=0.003; HR=2.682, 95% CI 1.624-4.431, P<0.001, respectively). Conclusions:The incidence of CVS is higher in CKD patients who establish an arteriovenous fistula for the first time. Hemodialysis catheter indwelling time ≥3 months is an independent risk factor of CVS. The moderate to severe CVS is an independent risk factor of primary patency of AVF.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical outcomes of hemodialysis (HD) patients with stent grafts for arteriovenous access complications in real-world.Methods:It was a retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of HD patients treated with stent grafts for arteriovenous access complications from August 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University was collected to analyze target lesion primary patency (TLPP), target lesion primary assisted patency (TLPAP), and access circuit primary patency (ACPP) using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Log-rank test, and to compare TLPP and mean annual intervention times between pre-stent grafts and post-stent grafts placement.Results:A total of 77 stent grafts in 71 patients were included according to the inclusion criteria, of which 46 (59.7%) were arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and 31 (40.3%) were arteriovenous graft (AVG), with a median follow-up time of 22.4 months. At 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after stent grafts deployment, TLPP was 89.3%, 66.5%, 48.3% and 42.5%, respectively. TLPAP was 94.8%, 90.4%, 78.7% and 75.4%, respectively. And ACPP was 77.2%, 54.3%, 35.2% and 29.0%, respectively. At subgroup analysis, there was no difference in TLPP at the three different sites of central vein, cephalic arch, and AVG venous anastomosis or outflow tract ( χ2=0.086, P=0.808). TLPP was better in the stenosis group than thrombosis or occlusion group, but was not statistically significant ( χ2=2.551, P=0.110). Compared with pre-stent grafts, TLPP improved significantly ( χ2=7.484, P=0.006), the median patency time increased from 16.6 months to 23.2 months, and the mean annual intervention times decreased from 0.99 (0.10, 1.83) to 0.50 (0, 1.45) ( Z=-2.841, P=0.004) after stent grafts placement Conclusion:The TLPP of HD patients with stent grafts for arteriovenous access complications improves significantly, and the mean annual intervention times reduce significantly.
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Metastasis is the main cause of cancer-related death. Growing evidence has shown that changes in glucose metabolism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells affect the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through many pathways. This review summarizes the molecular mechanism underlying abnormal glucose metabolism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and analyzes its relationship with the invasion and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, including aerobic glycolysis, aerobic oxidation, and pentose phosphate pathway. The aim is to provide novel approaches using the relationships among glucose metabolism, invasion, and metastasis in the targeted therapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Objective:To investigate the patency rates and risk factors of arteriovenous graft (AVG), and provide a clinical guidance for further optimization of vascular access selection and improvement of dialysis quality.Methods:This was a retrospective study. The clinical and follow-up data of patients who received AVG in the Blood Purification Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2021 were selected. Kaplan-Meier curve and Cox regression model were used to analyze the patency rates and risk factors of AVG.Results:A total of 381 cases with AVG were included, with 154 cases (40.4%) of males, age of (55.5±11.8) years old, and 140 cases (36.7%) of diabetes. The median time of primary patency was 377.00(95% CI 314.26-439.74) days, and the primary patency rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 51.0%, 30.7%, and 15.4%, respectively. The median time of primary assisted patency was 839.00(95% CI 668.89-1 009.11) days, and the primary assisted patency rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 78.3%, 56.4%, and 39.1%, respectively. The secondary patency rates at 1, 2, and 3 years were 96.7%, 90.1%, and 78.5%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that anastomotic vein types of basilic vein and cephalic vein (median cubital vein as a reference, HR=1.869, 95% CI 1.124-3.107, P=0.016; HR=2.110, 95% CI 1.176-3.786, P=0.012) and the diameter of anastomotic vein<3.5 mm ( HR=1.411, 95% CI 1.020-1.952, P=0.037) were the independent influencing factors for abnormal primary patency of AVG. Males ( HR=1.680, 95% CI 1.127-2.503, P=0.011), mean arterial pressure<70 mmHg ( HR=3.228, 95% CI 1.109-9.394, P=0.032), Acuseal graft type (Intering as a reference, HR=1.884, 95% CI 1.185-2.994, P=0.007), anastomotic vein type of cephalic vein (median cubital vein as a reference, HR=2.817, 95% CI 1.328-5.977, P=0.007), the diameter of anastomotic vein<3.5 mm ( HR=1.555, 95% CI 1.048-2.306, P=0.028), serum phosphorus ≤1.78 mmol/L (1.13-1.78 mmol/L />1.78 mmol/L, HR=1.737, 95% CI 1.111-2.716, P=0.015;<1.13 mmol/L />1.78 mmol/L, HR=2.162, 95% CI 1.072- 4.362, P=0.031), and ferritin<200 μg/L ( HR=1.850, 95% CI 1.231-2.780, P=0.003) were the independent influencing factors for abnormal primary assisted patency of AVG. Serum albumin<40 g/L ( HR=2.165, 95% CI 1.096-4.275, P=0.026) was an independent influencing factor for abnormal secondary patency of AVG. Conclusions:The primary patency rates of AVG at 1, 2, and 3 years were 51.0%, 30.7%, and 15.4%, respectively. The secondary patency rates of AVG at 1, 2, and 3 years were 96.7%, 90.1%, and 78.5%, respectively. Anastomotic vein types of cephalic vein and basilic vein, and internal diameter<3.5 mm are the independent risk factors for abnormal primary patency of AVG. Anastomotic vein type of cephalic vein and internal diameter<3.5 mm are the independent risk factors for abnormal assisted primary patency of AVG. Serum albumin<40 g/L is an independent risk factor for abnormal secondary patency of AVG. It is suggested that systematic preoperative evaluation and good nutritional status of patients are important to maintain long-term patency of the AVG.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors for catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients with tunnel-cuffed catheter (TCC) and construct a risk prediction model for the prevention and treatment of catheter infection.Methods:It was a retrospective study. Patients who had their TCC removed in Hemodialysis Access Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from July to December 2020 were randomly divided into a training set (for model building) and a validation set (for model validation) in the ratio of 7∶3. The training set was divided into CRBSI group and non-CRBSI group with reference to the 2019 Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative clinical practice guidelines for vascular access, and the risk factors for the occurrence of CRBSI were analyzed. The odds ratio ( OR) values of the variables in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were applied to construct a risk prediction model, and the assessment ability of the model was validated in the validation set. Results:A total of 254 HD patients were included. The training set consisted of 179 patients with male-to-female ratio of 1.36∶1, age of (55.81±15.95) years old, median dialysis age of 18(8, 27) months, median TCC retention time of 15(5, 24) months, and 40 patients with confirmed CRBSI. Logistic regression analysis showed that, combined diabetes ( OR=2.711, 95% CI 1.174-6.258, P=0.019), history of catheter-related infection within 3 months ( OR=3.674, 95% CI 1.541-8.760, P=0.003), more than 4 times nursing interventions within 1 month ( OR=3.128, 95% CI 1.343-7.283, P=0.008), and central venous disease ( OR=2.572, 95% CI 1.130-5.854, P=0.024) were the independent influencing factors for CRBSI occurrence in HD patients with TCC. The OR values of the variables in the multivariate logistic regression were rounded to the assigned scores of the risk prediction model. The corresponding scores of each factor were summed in the training set to obtain the risk score. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, with area under the curve ( AUC) of 0.761(0.683-0.839) and maximum Youden index of 0.461, at which time the corresponding cut-off value was 6, with sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 56.1%. The model was validated in the validation set with AUC of 0.794(0.674-0.914) and cut-off value of 6, with sensitivity of 61.6% and specificity of 82.5%. Conclusions:Combined diabetes, history of catheter-related infection within 3 months, more than 4 times nursing interventions within 1 month, and central venous disease are the independent risk factors for CRBSI, and the prediction model based on the above factors has good efficacy in predicting the risk of CRBSI and can provide guidance for the prevention and treatment of CRBSI in HD patients.
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In order to meet the needs of detection of poisoning-inducing pesticides occurring in poisoning emergency events, this article introduces and discusses the characteristics, scope of application, and advantages and disadvantages of two types of detection technologies: laboratory detection and on-site rapid detection. The sample pre-processing technology suitable for on-site detection is also elaborated.
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Objective:To detect serum levels of vitamin A (Vit A), vitamin D(Vit D)25-hydroxy vitamin D[25-(OH)D] and vitamin E(Vit E) in children aged 0-6 years in Tibetan Plateau of Garzi Prefecture, thus providing references for physical examinations and prevention of 4 key diseases (rickets, malnutrition anemia, pneumonia and diarrhea) in children in plateau areas by relevant government departments.Methods:A total of 2 122 children who participated in physical examination in 12 townships of Xiangcheng County and 14 townships of Daocheng County, Garzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province from April 2017 to April 2019 with 0-6 years old were recruited for surveying physical measurements and collection of venous blood.Serum Vit A and Vit E levels were detected by high performance liquid chromatography.Serum levels of 25-(OH)D were detected by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.The relationship between Vit A, Vit E and 25-(OH)D levels with the gender, age, seasonal change and altitude was analyzed.Results:The serum Vit A level, subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and marginal vitamin A deficiency rate were(1.05±0.27) μmol/L, 8.15%(173/2 122 cases) and 45.99%(976/2 122 cases), respectively in 2 122 children with 0-6 years old.There were significant differences in the serum Vit A level, the subclinical Vit A deficiency rate and the marginal vitamin A deficiency rate in children with different ages, seasons and altitudes (all P<0.05). The serum level of 25-(OH)D and 25-(OH)D deficiency rate insufficient rate were (24.65±6.45) ng/L, 6.03%(128/2 122 cases) and 16.59%(352/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in the serum level of 25-(OH)D, 25-(OH)D deficiency rate and 25-(OH)D insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate were (7.81±1.74) mg/L, 2.78%(59/2 122 cases) and 29.59%(628/2 122 cases), respectively.There were significant differences in serum Vit E level, Vit E deficiency rate and Vit E insufficient rate in children with different ages and seasons (all P<0.05). The mean serum levels of Vit A and Vit D remained the lowest before the age of 1 year, and their deficiencies at this age were the most significant.The mean serum level of Vit E remained the lowest in >1-2 years old, and its deficiency and insufficient at this age were the most significant.Vit A, D and E levels were significantly affected by seasonal changes, which were significantly higher in the summer than in the spring, autumn and winter.In addition, Vit A and 25-(OH)D were significantly affected by the altitude, which were the lowest above 4 km altitude. Conclusions:The overall serum levels of Vit A, 25-(OH) D and E in children with 0-6 years old in Tibetan Plateau areas of Ganzi Prefecture are lower than those in plain areas.Vit A, 25-(OH) D and Vit E levels significantly differed in the age, season and altitude, which are related to the lack of local resources, insufficient maternal nutrition during pregnancy and insufficient intake after birth, as well as temperature and light caused by changes in local seasons and altitude.Therefore, it is necessary to make reasonable supplements during pregnancy to prevent vitamin deficiency.
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Current advances of immunotherapy have greatly changed the way of cancer treatment. At the same time, a great number of nanoparticle-based cancer immunotherapies (NBCIs) have also been explored to elicit potent immune responses against tumors. However, few NBCIs are nearly in the clinical trial which is mainly ascribed to a lack understanding of
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Blood glucose monitoring is an important part and means in the process of diabetes treatment and management. There is a high correlation between glucose concentration in interstitial fluid and glucose concentration in blood. Real-time monitoring of glucose concentration in interstitial fluid has important clinical significance. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an emerging glucose monitoring technology, which indirectly reflects the blood glucose level of the body through the glucose level in the interstitial fluid, providing continuous and comprehensive information and rules of blood glucose variation over a period of time. There are three main categories of CGM: minimally invasive implantation, non-invasive microtransparency and non-invasive technology. Noninvasive blood glucose monitoring technology is the future development direction, but accuracy and delay of blood glucose will be the biggest challenge to be overcome in clinical application.
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Objective To perform a methodological evaluation study of 4 HPLC based systems and a capillary electrophoresis based system , with the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine ( IFCC) glycated hemoglobin reference method as a comparative method .Methods 40 hemolysis samples of variety concentrations were prepared .The samples were measured by IFCC reference method and 5 glycated hemoglobin testing systems , respectively and trueness verification was performed according to the Clinical &Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline EP9-A3.Whole blood samples were used to test the systems'precision, linearity and analytical interferences .Results The average CV of IFCC reference method results of 40 hemolysis samples was 1.4%( range from 0.2%to 2.5%).No outlier was found in the results of the 5 testing system.The slopes ranged from 0.9902 to 1.0267, and intercepts from -0.1526 mmol/mol to +0.1512 mmol/mol, squared correlation coefficient from 0.9962-0.9971, biases at two medical decision level were less than 0.3%HbA1c.Within-laboratory precisions were less than 2% (NGSP unit).Bias between all test results and predicted results were less than 5%.High concentration of glucose showed certain interference to glycated Hemoglobin tests but had little influence in clinical practice.Conclusions The results of the 5 testing system are comparable to the IFCC reference method , the results of precision and linearity evaluation meet the requirements of related guidelines .
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BACKGROUND: Lumbar spondylolysis is the common cause of teenagers' low back pain. It should apply internal fixation if conservative treatment is invalid. There are a variety of surgeries, which aims to alleviate pain and bony fusion of pars defect.OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical outcome of bone graft of pars defect plus temporary single segmental pedicle screw rod fixation for adolescent lumbar spondylolysis.METHODS: A total of 32 adolescent patients of lumbar spondylolysis were treated by bone graft of pars defect plus temporary single segmental pedicle screw rod fixation. All the patients had bilateral spondylolysis. 20 patients had no lumbar spondylolisthesis, while the others had I° spondylolisthesis. All the patients received lumbar radiograph, CT and MRI. Visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index were utilized to evaluate pain improvement before and after operation. MacNab was used to assess efficacy. Bone graft healing at isthmus was observed with lumbar CT after fixation. The internal fixation was removed after bone fusion, then the motion of the fixed segment and the degeneration of adjacent intervertebral disc occurred were recorded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Completed bone fusion of pars defect was achieved in all the patients. The average period of bone union was 7.4 months. (2) The visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores were significantly improved after surgery in all patients (P < 0.05). (3) The fixed segment reserved the motion after internal fixation removal. The signal of adjacent intervertebral disc of fixed segment had no changes compared to preoperative MRI. (4) Bone graft to repair isthmus defect plus temporary single segmental screw rod fixation for adolescent lumbar spondylolysis is very effective, the bone fusion is completed, and temporary fixation may effectively alleviate the degeneration of adjacent disc.
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Objective To evaluate the application values of two kinds of single-platform flow cytometric methods,the Volumetric method based on flow sensor and the Trucount method based on Trucount beads,in the counts of T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients after transplantation.Methods The absolute number and percentage of CD4 +,CD8 +,and CD3 + T cells in peripheral blood samples from 107 patients after liver or renal transplantation were determined by the Trucount method and the Volumetric method,respectively,and their results were compared using paired t-test and linear regression analysis.Five samples with low CD3 + counts were selected and the precisions of the absolute number of CD4 +,CD8 + and CD3 + T ceils detected by the Volumetric method were evaluated.Results There was no significant difference in the levels of CD4+,CD4+/CD3+,CD8+,CD8+/CD3+,and CD4+/CD8 + in peripheral blood between the Trucount method and the Volumetric method (P > 0.05),and the linear regression coefficients between them were from 0.9 to 1.1.When the concentration of CD3 + was equal or more than 40/μL,the coefficients of variation (CVs) were below 5.5% for the Volumetric method.When the concentration of CD3 + was 20/μL,the CVs of CD3 +,CD4 +,and CD8 + were 5.19%,10.28% and 6.48%,respectively.Conclusion The single-platform method based on flow sensor is accurate and reproducible for counting T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood,which may be used to monitor the immune state of the patients after liver or renal transplantation.
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Objective Preparation of aqueous reference materials for cholesterol and glycerol.Methods Study on reference materials.The certified reference materials GBW09203b and GBW09149 were weighed accurately and dissolved into 20% of methyl cyclodextrin aqueous solution to prepare six kinds of candidate reference materials of cholesterol and glycerol according to the concentration.The materials were tested for homogeneity and stability using routine methods.The reference methods of isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (ID-LC/MS/MS) were used to determine the concentration of cholesterol and glycerol to evaluate the accuracy of the certified values.Meanwhile, the blank verification test was carried out.The expanded uncertainty was the combination of standard uncertainty of measurement, unhomogeneity and instability.Results It showed that the six candidate reference materials were homogeneous and stable for at least 1 year at-70 ℃ and-20 ℃.The certified values (reference value ± expanded uncertainty,mmol/L) were as follows,for cholesterol:0.65±0.01,1.31 ±0.01,2.57±0.02,5.21±0.06,7.71±0.08,10.24±0.06;for glycerol:0.29±0.01,0.58±0.01,1.22±0.02,2.24±0.02,3.46±0.04,4.52 ±0.04.The results of reference methods were consistent with the certified values.Blank validation tests showed that the concentration of the analytes would not be affected by the reagent and the blank matrix.Conclusions Certified reference materials for cholesterol and glycerol in aqueous solution have been prepared successfully.These materials are homogeneous and stable, and the certified values are reliable.Therefore the materials have been approved to be the Certificate Reference Materials of GBW 09823, GBW 09824, GBW 09825, GBW09826, GBW09827 and GBW 09828.
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To identify novel transcripts and sRNA in genome of B .melitensis by transcriptome sequencing ,total RNA were extracted from B .melitensis culture and rRNA were removed .After the addition of adaptor ,RNA was reversely transcribed into cDNA ,which were then subjected to PCR amplification and sequencing .The generated reads were mapped to genome se‐quence of B .melitensis strain 16M .With the mapping results ,novel transcripts and sRNA were identified by bioinformatics methods .Sequencing results analysis showed that genome sequence was covered with the reads with good quality .A total of 773 genes were extended in their 5′and/or 3′ends of their original locations .Sixteen novel transcripts and 241 sRNAs candi‐dates were identified .RT‐PCR showed that some of the sRNAs were differentially expressed under stress conditions .In B . melitensis genome ,there is novel transcript which is not predicted .The sRNA does exist in B .melitensis and were expressed under different conditions .
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Objective To investigate the incidence,location and morphological features of Laimer fibers between mucosal layer and inner circular muscularispropria in patients with achalasia.Methods Data of 107 patients with achalasia who underwent POEM between May 2010 and June 2013 were collected.Endoscopic video was reviewed to determine the incidence of Laimer fibers and the corresponding images were analyzed according to gender,age,Ling typing and location of Laimer fibers.Results Laimer fibers were found in lower esophageal sphincter of 44 patients (41.12%).There were no significant differences in the incidences of Laimer fiber among groups with different age or gender (P > 0.05).The incidence in Ling type Ⅱb was 46.15% (12/26),and 45.83% (22/48) in Ling type Ⅰ,0 in Ling type Ⅲ.There was no significant difference among the groups of Ling type (x2 =2.042,P =0.564).All Laimer fibers were found in lower esophageal sphincter and the majority of which were in right wall (36.45 %,39/107),followed by left wall (3.74%,4/107) and none was found in anterior wall (x2 =107.468,P =0.000).Conclusion Laimer fibers generally exists in lower esophageal sphincter and most of which are discovered on right wall of the esophagus.Further study is needed to explore its role in development and treatment of achalasia.
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Objective To explore the interaction between polymorphisms of rs17222919 which located in the 5-1ipoxygenase-activating protein(ALOX5AP) gene promoter and environmental risk factors in ischemic stroke(IS).Methods We conducted a case-control study involving a total of 622 cases and 631 unrelated healthy controls which were selected from Henan Han populations,and the environment risk factors were recorded.Genotyping aimed at detecting both genetic and environmental factors in relation to IS was performed by TaqMan-polymerase chain reaction technology while interaction indexes (Υ) were calculated to determine interactions and their role models.Results The rs17222919 TG (189/622,30.4%),GG (18/622,2.9%)genotype frequencies and G (225/1244,18.1%)allele frequencies in IS subjects were significantly lower than those in controls (221/631,35.0% ; 31/631,4.9% ; 283/1262,22.4% ; x2 =4.117,P =0.042 ; x2 =4.457,P =0.035 ; x2 =7.294,P =0.007).Negative interactions between TG + GG genotype and hypertension,diabetes or cigarette smoking in the occurrence of IS (Υ =0.943,0.922,0.830) were observed,whose role models were all super-multiplicative models.Conclusions According to our study,ischemic stroke is the result of the interaction of genetic and environmental factors and G allele of rs17222919 may have weakened the role of environmental factors for hypertension,diabetes and cigarette smoking in IS incidence.
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Objective To study the surgical strategies and techniques for the correction of congenital kyphoscoliosis with hemivertebra and evaluate the surgical results. Methods From June 2010 to June 2011,there were 6 congenital kyphoscoliostic patients with fully segmented hemivertebra were undergone hemivertebra resection through posterior approach, which included 4 males and 2 females with an average age of 15.7 years. The average Cobb angle of scoliosis was 73.4° (range, 52°~87°), the average Cobb angle of segmental kyphosis was 67.4° (range, 43°~89°) . The highest level of hemivertebrae was T9 and the lowest was L2. The surgical strategies were designed as followed:For the 2 cases without structural compensative curve, the posterior hemiverte-brae resection and short segmental internal fixation were performed. For the 4 cases with structural compensative curve, whose Risser signs were classified into 2-5, the hemivertebrae resection and long segmental internal fixa-tion were performed, and the compensative curve was included in the instrumentation level. Results The opera-tion time was 2.5~4.0 h (average,3.5 hours), the blood loss was 700-2 000 mL (mean,1 367 mL) . Numb-ness happened in one lower extremity postoperatively in 1 patient, and the symptom released in 1 month. The aver-age postoperative Cobb angle in coronal plane was 21.4° (11°~28°) with a correction rate of 67.9%. The aver-age postoperative Cobb angle in sagittal plane was 17.8° (12°~35°) with a correction rate of 75.2%. The fol-low-up period was from 26 months to 36 months (average, 26 months),no pseudoarthrosis,and obvious correc-tion loss either in coronal or sagittal plane was noted. Conclusion Hemivertebra resection and individualized oper-ation way has a good capability of correcting congenital kyphoscoliosis caused by hemivertebra.
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ObjectiveTo compare the yield rate of rats islets between different collagenase digestion groups.MethodsThe SD rats were randomly divided into two groups as following by using random digits table:collagenase P group (pancreas digested by 1 mg/ml collagenase P) and type Ⅴ collagenase group (pancreas digested by 1 mg/ml type Ⅴ collagenase).After pancreas digestion,rat islet cells in two groups were culture,purified and stained with DTZ.The mean islet number and islet equivalent (IEQ) before and after purification were measured under an inverted microscope.The viability of purified islets was assessed by fluorescence staining of aridine orange (AO) and propidium iodide (PI) under the fluorescence microscopy.After purification and culture for two days,islets function was evaluated by insulin releasing tests in the two groups.ResultsBefore purification,there was no significant difference in the islets number obtained from the pancreas between two groups (P>0.05),but there was significant difference in the IEQ (P<0.05).After purification,the islets number in type Ⅴcollagenase group and collagenase P group was (485 ± 113)/pancrease and (643 ± 82)/pancrease,and IEQ was (674 ± 157)/pancreas and (989 ± 126)/pancreas,respectively (P<0.05).Islet viability in type Ⅴcollagenase group and collagenase P group was (96.13 ±1.13) % and (96.38 ± 0.92) % respectively (P>0.05).The results of insulin releasing tests revealed there was no significant difference in islet function stimulated by hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia between two groups (P>0.05).ConclusionTwo types of collagenase are suitable for the islets digestion in rats.The stability of digestion and yield rate of purified islets in collagenase P group are higher than in type Ⅴ collagenase group.