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OBJECTIVE To explore the potential mechanism of the effect of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) on neurological function and survival of rats after cardiac arrest (CA)/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) based on the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR)/S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) pathway. METHODS The CA/CPR rat model was established by ventricular fibrillation. Using a sham operation group as control, high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze and mine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus; the active components of XBJ were screened and subjected to molecular docking analysis with GSNOR. The rats successfully modeled using the same method were divided into model group (n=30), inhibitor (GSNOR inhibitor) group (n=30), XBJ group (n=30) and XBJ+inhibitor group (n=30), and a sham operation group (n=30) was set up. Neurological function was evaluated and survival status was recorded at 3 hours, 24 hours and 3 days after the first 89) drug intervention. The contents of GSNOR and GSNO in the hippocampus of rats were determined in each group at the 0191) above time points, and the relationship of the contents of GSNOR and GSNO with modified neurologic severity scale (mNSS) score was analyzed. RESULTS GSNOR coding gene was differentially expressed between the model group and the sham operation group. Compared with the sham operation group, GSNOR content increased significantly in the hippocampus of rats in model group, while GSNO content decreased significantly (P<0.05). The active components of XBJ, such as 4- methylenemiltirone and salviolone, could be bound to GSNOR protein, with the binding energy lower than -6 kcal/mol, mainly connected by hydrogen bonds. Animal experiments revealed that mNSS score and GSNOR levels in the hippocampus of rats in the model group were significantly higher than those in the sham operation group (P<0.05), while GSNO levels and survival rate were significantly lower than those in the sham operation group (P<0.05). The above indexes of rats were improved significantly in administration groups, the mNSS score in the XBJ group was significantly lower than that in the inhibitor group, the content changes of GSNOR and GSNO in the inhibitor group were more obvious than those in the XBJ group, and the various indicators in the XBJ+inhibitor group were significantly better than the XBJ group and the inhibitor group (P<0.05). GSNOR content was positively correlated with the mNSS score, and GSNO content was negatively correlated with the mNSS score (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS XBJ can improve the neurological function of rats and enhance their survival rates after CA/CPR, the mechanism of which may be associated with the down-regulation of GSNOR and the up-regulation of GSNO.
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Objective To explore the mechanism of miR-421 affecting the occurrence and development of depression.Methods A depressive rat model was established by single intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and depressive behavior was detected by glucose preference test and open-field test.miRNA microarray chips and RT-PCR were used to analyze the expression level of miR-421 in hippocampus of the depressed rats.TargetScan database and mi RDB database were used to predict the target genes of miR-421.Dual luciferase reporter gene assay was used to observe the binding of miR-421 to the target genes.The impact of over-expression and inhibition of miR-421 on target genes was observed,then the influence of over-expression and inhibition of target genes on downstream factors was observed,and the related mechanism of miR-421 on depression was explored.Results miRNA microarray chips and RT-PCR assay showed that miR-421 was highly expressed in the hippocampus of the depressed rats(P<0.001),Inhibition of miR-421 expression could significantly restore the body weight and exercise ability of the depressed rats(P<0.001).Binding targets of Menin and miR-421 were predicted by TargetScan database,and interaction between Menin and miR-421 was demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay.Menin expression was down-regulated while miR-421 was overexpressed(P<0.001),whereas it was up-regulated as miR-421 was inhibited(P<0.001).qPCR indicated that expressions of Caspase-3 and NF-κB in the hippocampus of the depressed rats was significantly increased(P<0.001),and IL-1β expression in the hippo-campus was significantly increased(P<0.01).When the expression of Menin was inhibited,the expressions of Caspase-3,NF-κB and IL-1β were increased(P<0.001),while the expressions of Caspase-3,NF-κB and IL-1β were decreased when Menin was overexpressed(P<0.001).Conclusions Inhibition of miR-421 expression can increase Menin expression,decrease Caspase-3 content,and reduce neuroinflammatory response,thereby improving depressive symptoms.
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BACKGROUND:There are differentially expressed genes in acute intracerebral hemorrhage,which are related to the occurrence and development of intracerebral hemorrhage. OBJECTIVE:To screen differentially expressed genes and key genes in brain tissue of a rat model with acute intracerebral hemorrhage,to validate them through qPCR,and to analyze the relationships between key genes and the neurological function and brain tissue water content after intracerebral hemorrhage. METHODS:Seventy-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups:in intracerebral hemorrhage group,a rat model of acute intracerebral hemorrhage was made using collagenase injection at the right caudate nucleus;and in sham-operated group,rats were injected with equal amount of saline at the same site.RNA was extracted from rat brain tissues of both groups using the TRIzol method and transcriptome sequencing technology was used to identify differentially expressed genes in brain tissues of acute intracerebral hemorrhage,which were then verified by qPCR and analyzed for the relationships between the genes and neurological function and brain tissue water content after intracerebral hemorrhage.And the key genes were analyzed by GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis in combination with bioinformatics. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Ten key genes were identified,including CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4,GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,CACNA1E,and CCL20.The contents of GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,and CACNA1E in the intracerebral hemorrhage group were lower than those in the sham-operated group(P<0.05).The contents of CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4 and CCL20 in the intracerebral hemorrhage group were higher than those in the sham-operated group(P<0.05).The contents of GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,and CACNA1E were positively correlated with brain tissue water content and neurologic deficit score(P<0.05),while the contents of CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4 and CCL20 were negatively correlated with brain tissue water content and neurologic deficit score(P<0.05).GO analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in two biological processes(leukocyte chemotaxis and chemokine-mediated signaling pathways),two cell components(cation channel complexes and ion channel complexes),and two molecular functions(gated channel activity and ion channel activity).KEGG analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes were concentrated in tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway,glutamatergic synapses and GABAergic synapses.To conclude,the differentially expressed genes in intracerebral hemorrhage include CXCL8,SERPINE1,TFPI2,CXCR4,GDA,KCNQ5,ERICH3,SCN3B,CACNA1E,and CCL20,and these genes are related to brain tissue water content and neurological function after intracerebral hemorrhage.These genes are mainly enriched in cell components,binding functions,cellular protrusions,and other related biological functions.
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BACKGROUND:Nano-hydroxyapatite as a surface modification material that is bonded to the surface of the zirconia ceramics upon sintering at high temperature can improve bone-inducing activity and bone bonding strength of the zirconia ceramics. Moreover, the sintering temperature is crucial for performance and bonding of the composite. OBJECTIVE:To detect the shear strength of nano-hydroxyapatite ceramics coating bonded to zirconia ceramics at different sintering temperatures. METHODS:Nano-hydroxyapatite slurry was prepared using sol/gel technology. Thereafter, 20 zirconium green bodies were coated with nano-hydroxyapatite slurry and randomly divided into four groups. Then, the specimens were put into non-pressure sintering furnace and sintered at 1 300, 1 400, 1 500, and 1 550℃, respectively. At last, we measured the shear strength of al the specimens after sintering by universal testing machine, and analyze the type of fractures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the rising of sintering temperature, the shear strength of the specimens was gradualy increased, and there were significant differences between the four groups [(4.04±1.19), (6.60±0.95), (16.51±1.93), (80.47±19.31) MPa,P < 0.05]. Within the scope of 1 550℃, the sintering temperature was positively relative to the shear strength of specimens. These findings indicate that in the certain temperature range, the higher the sintering temperature, the greater the shear strength of the bonding interface between zirconia and nano-hydroxyapatite. When the sintering temperature is 1 550℃, the shear strength of the bonding interface is the highest.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study aimed to improve students' ability in practical and theoretical courses of oral health education and to promote students' learning interest and initiative.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourth-year students of the oral medical profession from 2006 to 2008 at Weifang Medical University were chosen as research objects for oral health education to explore the experimental teaching reform. The students were divided into test and control groups, with the test group using the "speak out" way of teaching and the control group using the traditional teaching method. Results of after-class evaluation of the test group, as well as final examination and practice examination of the two groups, were analyzed and compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After-class evaluation results of the test group showed that the "speak out" teaching method was recognized by the students and improved students' ability to understand oral health education. The final examination and practice examination results showed that the score of the test group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>"Speak out" teaching methods can improve students' ability for oral health education, in accordance with the trend of teaching reform.</p>
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Humans , Health Education , Oral Health , StudentsABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the theoretical basis of Jian-Shen Li-Shui (JSLS) formula. Knowledge of acute phase of cerebral hemorrhage in ancient Chinese medicine literature, modern pathophysiology theories, experimental researches and clinical results were studied, in order to discuss theoretical basis of JSLS formula. The results showed that JSLS formula embodied basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and experiences of physicians from different generations. It also reflected modern pharmacology research results. It was supported by animal experiments and clinical research results. It was concluded that JSLS formula was in accordance with essence of TCM syndrome differentiation. There were enough evidences for the formation of the formula. It was worthy of further study.
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Objective To determine the prevalence of symmetry of C shaped root canal system in mandibular second molars.MethodsA total of 70 madibular second molars with C shaped root canal system to be considered as needing root canal therapy were included in this study,of which 68 contralateral X ray apical films were obtained.The symmetry of the root and the root canal system was analyzed using magnifying glass.ResultsOf the 68 mandibular second molars with C shaped root canal system diagnosed clinically,62 cases with C shaped root canal system bilaterally,with the prevalence 91.18%.ConclusionThe anatomic feature of mandibular molars with C shaped root canal system is complicated,and the prevalence of symmetry is very high,which is in favor of estimating the anatomic feature from contralateral tooth.