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1.
Rev. bras. cineantropom. desempenho hum ; 23: e77035, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1340967

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We aimed to investigate the influence of alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism on responsiveness to post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of countermovement jumps (CMJ) in untrained subjects. Sixteen untrained men were allocated into two groups according to their ACTN3 gene alleles: homozygous for the X allele (XX, n = 9) or homozygous for the R allele (RR, n = 7). CMJ height, mean power output and vertical force were determined twice (CMJ1 and CMJ2) in two conditions: control (CON) and potentiated (PAPE). In the CON condition, CMJ were performed before and after a 15-min rest. In the PAPE condition, CMJ were performed 15 min before and 4 min following five squats with a 5-repetition maximum (5RM) load. Different conditions were applied on separate days in a randomized order. Statistical analysis involved three-way ANOVAs to compare the differences between conditions (CON and PAPE), time (CMJ1 and CMJ2), and groups (XX and RR). Significance level considered was p < 0.05. Effect sizes were calculated as Cohen's d. The effect sizes for changes in CMJ height for CON and following pre-activation for PAPE were 0.04 and 0.08, respectively. No significant differences were found for CMJ height between XX and RR at baseline (1.07 ± 2.54 cm e -0.82 ± 2.56 cm, respectively). No differences were found (p>0.05) in responsiveness to PAPE between the groups (XX = -0.20 ± 1.6 cm and RR = -0.81 ± 2.7 cm). We conclude that ACTN3 gene polymorphisms does not influence responsiveness to PAPE.


RESUMO Tivemos como objetivo investigar a influência do polimorfismo do gene ACTN3 na responsividade à potencialização do desempenho de salto com contra movimento (CMJ) pós-ativação (PAPE). Dezesseis homens destreinados foram divididos em dois grupos: homozigotos para os alelos X (XX, n = 9) ou R (RR, n = 7). A altura de CMJ, a potência média e a força vertical aplicada durante o salto pelos participantes foram determinadas duas vezes (CMJ1 e CMJ2) em duas condições: controle (CON) e potencializado (PAPE). Na condição CON, os CMJ foram realizados antes e depois de um período de 15 minutos de repouso. Na condição PAPE, os CMJ foram realizados 15 minutos antes e 4 minutos após a realização de cinco agachamentos com carga de cinco repetições máximas (5RM). As diferentes condições foram realizadas em dias separados e em ordem randomizada. ANOVAs fatoriais de três caminhos foram utilizadas para comparar diferenças entre condições, tempos e grupos. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado pelo d de Cohen. Os tamanhos do efeito para alterações na altura de CMJ para os grupos CON e PAPE foram 0.04 e 0.08, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças significantes entre os grupos XX e RR na altura de salto em condição basal (1.07 ± 2.54 cm e -0.82 ± 2.56 cm, respectivamente). Não houve diferenças significativas na responsividade à PAPE entre os grupos (XX = -0.20 ± 1.6 cm e RR = -0.81 ± 2.7 cm). O polimorfismo do gene ACTN3 parece não ser influenciar isoladamente a responsividade à PAPE.

2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 114: e190253, 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1040628

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Timely diagnosis is recommended by the Brazilian Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) Surveillance and Control Program to reduce case fatality. Attempts at assessing this topic in Brazil are scarce. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe where, when, and how the diagnosis of VL has been performed in a Brazilian endemic setting. METHODS Data of all autochthonous cases confirmed between 2011 and 2016 (N = 81) were recorded. The care-seeking itinerary until the confirmation of VL diagnosis was assessed among 57 patients. FINDINGS The majority of VL cases (79.1%) were reported by referral hospitals. The patients mainly sought primary health care centres at the onset of symptoms. However, they had to visit seven health services on average to achieve a confirmed diagnosis. The time from the onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of VL (TD) ranged from 1-212 (median, 25) days. The TD was longer among adult patients. There was a direct correlation between the patient's age and TD (r = 0.22; p = 0.047) and a higher occurrence of deaths due to the disease among older patients (p = 0.002). Almost all the patients (98.9%) underwent laboratory investigation, and the VL diagnosis was mainly confirmed based on clinical-laboratory criteria (92.6%). Positive results for the indirect fluorescence antibody test (22.7%) and parasitological examination plus rk39-based immunochromatographic tests (21.3%) were commonly employed. MAIN CONCLUSIONS VL diagnosis was predominantly conducted in hospitals with a long TD and wide application of serology. These findings may support measures focused on early diagnosis, including a greater involvement of the primary health care system.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Delivery of Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Chromatography, Affinity , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Delivery of Health Care/classification , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/epidemiology
3.
Rev. Assoc. Paul. Cir. Dent ; 70(2): 181-186, abr.-jun. 2016. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-797070

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: avaliar ex vivo a quantidade de guta-percha remanescente no retratamento de canal de dentes pré-molares inferiores com único canal utilizando o sistema WaveOne Gold em comparação com o sistema de retratamento ProTaper R. Materiais e métodos: foram selecionados 52 pré-molares inferiores humanos extraídos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em 2 grupos (n=26), em função das técnicas de retratamento: sistema WaveOne Gold (grupo 1) e sistema de retratamento ProTaper R (grupo 2). Após os canais radiculares serem instrumentados e obturados com guta--percha, foram submetidos à de sobturação e ao procedimento de retratamento. Os dentes foram seccionados confeccionando uma canaleta nas faces proximais dos dentes obtendo-se duas hemi--secções radiculares, expondo, portanto, a luz do canal preparado. Todas as amostras foram codificada se fotografadas por máquina Cânon A640 acoplada ao microscópio Zeiss, com aumento de 5 vezes. As fotos foram transportadas para o programa de software Image Tool 3.0. Foi feita medição das áreas de remanescentes de material obturador no interior do canal e a medição da área total do interior do canal através das imagens da secção no computador. As medidas foram comparadas em relação a cada sistema utilizando o programa BioEstat 4.0 (teste de Mann-Whitney). Resultados:A menor porcentagem de material obturador remanescente ocorreu no sistema ProTaper Rcom diferenças significantes em relação ao sistema WaveOne Gold (p<0.01). Conclusão: o sistemaProTaper R foi mais eficaz na remoção de guta-percha em comparação com o sistema WaveOne Gold, entretanto nenhum dos sistemas removeram totalmente o material obturador do canal.


Objective: This ex vivo research study aims to evaluate ex vivo the amount of remaining gutta -perchaduring canal retreatment of lower premolars single-rooted using WaveOne Gold system compared with Protaper R system. Materials and methods: 52 mandibular premolars were selected and randoml y divided into 2 groups (n = 26), according to the retreatment techniques, which are: WaveOne Gold system(group 1) and ProTaper R system (group 2). After the root canals were instrumented and filled withgutta-percha, they underwent removal procedure. After retreatment procedure, the teeth were sectioned in the proximal surfaces resulting in two hemi-sections exposing the interior of the root canal. Allsamples were coded and photographed by A640 Canon machine attached to the microscope Zeiss withzoom in 5 times, and the photos were transported to the Image Tool 3.0. software. The evaluation wasdone by measurement of areas of remaining filling material and the total area of the interior of root canal through the images on the computer. The measurements were compared for each system using Bio-Estat 4.0 program and Mann-Whitney test. Results: The smallest percentage of remaining gutta-perchaoccurred in ProTaper Retreatment system with significant differences from the WaveOne Gold system(p <0.01).Conclusion: ProTaper R system was more effective in removing gutta-percha compared withWaveOne Gold system. However none of the both systems completely removed the filling material.


Subject(s)
Endodontics/methods , Retreatment/methods , Retreatment
4.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 46(4): 1257-1263, Oct.-Dec. 2015. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-769651

ABSTRACT

Increasing interactions between humans, domestic animals and wildlife may result in inter-species transmission of infectious agents. To evaluate the presence of pathogenic E. coli and Salmonella spp. and to test the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates, rectal swabs from 36 different free-ranging wild mammals were taken from two distinct natural sites in Brazil: Cantareira State Park (CSP, state of São Paulo) and Santa Isabel do Rio Negro Region (SIRNR, state of Amazonas). The swabs were randomly collected and processed for bacterial isolation, identification, characterization and antimicrobial resistance. Eighteen E. coli strains from CSP and 20 from SIRNR were recovered from 14 and 22 individuals, respectively. Strains from animals captured in CSP, the site with the greatest anthropization, exhibited a higher range and percentage of virulence genes, including an eae+/bfpA+ strain. Antimicrobial resistance was verified in strains originating from both sites; however, in strains from SIRNR, aminopenicillins were almost the exclusive antimicrobial class to which strains exhibited resistance, whereas in CSP there were strains resistant to cephalosporins, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, tetracycline and fluoroquinolone, in addition to strains exhibiting multidrug resistance. Two strains of Salmonella enterica that are known to be associated with reptiles, serotypes Belem and 60:r:e,n,z15, were recovered only from Amazonian animals and showed susceptibility to all classes of antimicrobials that were tested. Although the potential impact of these pathogens on wildlife remains unknown, bacteria isolated from free-ranging wild animals may provide relevant information about environmental health and should therefore be more deeply studied.


Subject(s)
Animals , Animals, Wild , Escherichia coli Infections/epidemiology , Escherichia coli Infections/veterinary , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Salmonella Infections, Animal/epidemiology , Salmonella Infections, Animal/microbiology , Salmonella enterica/isolation & purification , Brazil/epidemiology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/genetics , Rectum/microbiology , Salmonella enterica/drug effects , Salmonella enterica/genetics , Virulence Factors/analysis , Virulence Factors/genetics
5.
Rev. bras. geriatr. gerontol ; 18(3): 587-597, jul.-set. 2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-764197

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Avaliar a relação entre a função cognitiva, equilíbrio, risco de quedas e funcionalidade em idosos com alteração da função cognitiva e verificar se os idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve apresentam melhor equilíbrio, funcionalidade e menor risco de quedas em relação aos idosos com demência.Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico realizado com 33 idosos, ambos os gêneros, com idade igual ou superior a 60 anos, avaliados por meio dos testes: Miniexame do Estado Mental (MEEM), Timed Up and Go (TUG), Escala de Equilíbrio Funcional de Berg (EEFB), Escala de Avaliação Clínica da Demência (CDR) e Índice de Barthel. Foram considerados quatro grupos: comprometimento cognitivo leve (CCL; n=9), demência leve (DL; n=12), demência moderada (DM;: n=7) e demência grave (DG; n=5). A comparação dos dados foi realizada pelo teste de U Mann Whitney e a correlação, pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman, com nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: Ocorreu diferença estatística significativa no risco de quedas e funcionalidade entre os grupos DL e DM; funcionalidade entre os grupos DM e DG; equilíbrio, funcionalidade e risco de quedas entre os grupos DL e DG. Observou-se correlação moderada do MEEM e EEFB (r=0,543; p=0,006) no grupo CCL, correlação moderada negativa entre o MEEM e TUG (r=-0,685; p<0,001) e forte correlação do MEEM e Barthel (r=0,708; p<0,001) no grupo demência.Conclusão: A piora da função cognitiva esteve associada ao maior comprometimento da funcionalidade, equilíbrio e aumento do risco de quedas nos idosos com demência em comparação aos idosos com comprometimento cognitivo leve.


Objective: To assess the relationship between cognitive function, balance, risk of falls and functionality in elderly persons with impaired cognitive function and verify if those with mild cognitive impairment had better balance, functionality and a lower risk of falls than those with dementia.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study of 33 elderly persons of both genders, aged over 60 years, were evaluated using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and Barthel Index. Four groups were considered: mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n=9), mild dementia (MID; n=12), moderate dementia (MOD; n=7) and severe dementia (SD; n=5). Data comparison was performed by the Mann Whitney U-test and correlation by Spearman's rank Correlation Coefficient, whit a significance level of (p<0.05).Results: There was a statistically significant difference in the risk of falls and functionality between the MID and MOD groups, functionality between the MOD and SD groups, and balance, functionality and risk of falls between the MID and SD groups. A moderate correlation between MMSE and BBS (r=0.543; p=0.006) was observed in the MCI group, and a moderate negative correlation between MMSE and TUG (r=-0.685; p<0.001) and a strong correlation between MMSE and Barthel (r=0.708; p<0.001) were observed in the dementia group.Conclusion: The deterioration in cognitive function was associated with greater impairment of functionality, balance and an increased risk of falls in elderly persons with dementia, compared to elderly subjects with mild cognitive impairment.

6.
Rev. Univ. Ind. Santander, Salud ; 46(2): 147-158, Octubre 30, 2014. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-731781

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) es la segunda causa de muerte y tercera causa de discapacidad en el mundo. Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación entre variables clínicas, electrocardiográficas, escalas neurológicas en pacientes con ACV como predictoras de mortalidad a 3 meses posteriores al egreso hospitalario. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte prospectivo con muestreo no probabilístico, en pacientes mayores de 18 años con primer ACV. Se evaluaron variables demográficos, clínicas, escalas neurológicas del Instituto Nacional de Salud (NIHSS) y canadiense (CNS), variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) y del QT (QTV), dispersión del QT. Se determinó la mortalidad a los tres meses de seguimiento. Se realizó análisis bivariado y de regresión logística múltiple cuyo desenlace fue mortalidad a tres meses post egreso hospitalario, incluyendo variables con baja correlación (r< 0.4) y significancia estadística (p<0.05). Resultados: Se incluyeron 92 pacientes, 13 de los cuales fallecieron en la fase de tratamiento intrahospitalario. Se realizó seguimiento durante tres meses después del egreso hospitalario en 81 pacientes. La mortalidad total en tres meses de seguimiento fue del 21.7%(n=20). Se identificaron cinco variables predictoras de mortalidad en el modelo final: puntaje de escala NIHSS, frecuencia cardiaca media, VLF QT ≥36.311, LF/HF ≤1.019, valores extremos r-MSD (≥7.985o≤2.363) de VFC. La capacidad discriminatoria del modelo mediante el análisis del área bajo la curva fue de 0.95, con valores de sensibilidad y especificidad del 60% y 93% respectivamente. Conclusion: Altos puntajes de escala NIHSS, VLF-QT, frecuencia cardiaca media, así como valores bajos LF/HF y valores extremos r-MSD, fueron factores de riesgo independientes para mortalidad a los 90 días después de un primer ACV.


Introduction: Stroke is the second cause of death and third cause of disability worldwide. Objective: To assess association between clinical and electrocardiographic variables, neurological scales in stroke patients like predictors of mortality at three months after hospital discharge. Subjects and methods: Prospective cohort with nonprobabilistic sampling, in patients over 18 years with first stroke. Demographic and clinical variables, neurological scales (NIHSS, Canadian), heart rate (HRV) and QT variability (QTV), QT dispersion were evaluated. Mortality was determined during the 3 months follow up. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed with mortality at three months after discharge as outcome. Variables were included in the model if they have low correlation (r<0.4) and significant statistically p values (P< 0.05). Results: 92 patients were included in the study, 13 patients died during the intra-hospital stay, 81 were followed at 3 months after their hospital discharge. Total mortality in patients included at three months follow-up was 21.7 % (n=20). We identified five predictors of mortality in the final model: NIHSS score, mean heart rate, VLF QT ≥36,311, LF/HF ≤ 1,019, extreme values of r-MSD (≥ 7,985 or ≤ 2,363) of HRV. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0,95 with sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 93%. Conclusions: High NIHSS scores, VLF-QT, mean heart rate, low values of LF/HF and high extreme values of r-MSD were independent risk factors for mortality at 90 days after a first stroke.

7.
Ciênc. rural ; 42(11): 1982-1988, nov. 2012. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-654313

ABSTRACT

O clorofilômetro e a cartela de cores têm sido utilizados para monitorar a adubação nitrogenada em diferentes culturas, com o pressuposto de que há uma relação entre suas leituras e o teor de nitrogênio (N) no tecido das plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização do clorofilômetro e da cartela de cores na estimativa do teor de N em folhas de arroz irrigado por alagamento. Foram utilizados dois experimentos instalados em um Planossolo Háplico, sendo o primeiro conduzido com cinco doses de N (0, 50, 80, 120 e 160kg ha-1 na forma de ureia) e a cultivar 'IRGA 417', e o segundo com seis cultivares de arroz irrigado de diferentes ciclos ('BR-IRGA 409', 'BR-IRGA 410', 'IRGA 417', 'IRGA 421', 'EPAGRI 108' e 'HÍBRIDO 2') com uma única dose de N. Foram realizadas avaliações com clorofilômetro e a cartela de cores nas folhas do arroz em diferentes épocas. Simultaneamente às leituras, foram coletadas amostras de folhas e nelas determinado o teor de N. Quando variaram as doses de N, houve correlação significativa entre as leituras do clorofilômetro e da cartela de cores com o teor de N nas folhas, independente da época de avaliação. Já quando variaram as cultivares, as leituras do clorofilômetro se correlacionaram com o teor de N (r=0,78; P<0,05), mas não com a cartela de cores (r=0,25ns). O clorofilômetro e a cartela de cores foram eficientes para estimar o teor de N quando utilizada uma determinada cultivar, porém, a cartela de cores apresenta maior dependência da interpretação correta do avaliador e uma menor amplitude nas escalas, dificultando, muitas vezes, o melhor ajuste da cor. Quando utilizadas diferentes cultivares de arroz, somente o clorofilômetro é sensível para estimar o teor foliar de N.


The chlorophyll meter and the color chart have been applied to monitor nitrogen fertilization in different crops, based on the assumption that there is a correlation between their readings and the nitrogen content (N) in the plant tissue. This research aims at assessing the use of the chlorophyll meter and the color chart to estimate the N content in leaves of flooded rice plants. Two experiments installed at a Albaqualf (Planossolo Háplico) were used, the first using five N doses (0, 50, 80, 120 and 160kg ha-1 as urea) and the cultivar 'IRGA 417', and the second with six flooded rice cultivars of different cycles ('BR-IRGA 409', 'BR-IRGA 410', 'IRGA 417', 'IRGA 421', 'EPAGRI 108' and 'HÍBRIDO 2') with one only N dose. Assessments with the chlorophyll meter and the color chart were carried out on leaves of rice at different growth stages. Along with the readings, leaves were sampled and the leaf N content was determined. When the N doses varied, there was a meaningful correlation between the readings from the chlorophyll meter and the color chart with the leaf N content, regardless the assessment period. When the cultivars varied, the chlorophyll meter readings correlated with the N content (r=0.78, P<0.05) but not with the color chart (r=0.25ns). The chlorophyll meter and the color chart were efficient to estimate the N content when a particular cultivar was used, however, the color chart presents higher dependence of the accurate evaluator's interpretation as well as a narrower range of scales, making it often harder to find the best color setting. When different rice cultivars are used, only the chlorophyll meter is sensitive to estimate the leaf N content.

8.
Rev. bras. hematol. hemoter ; 33(3): 179-184, June 2011. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-596318

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with HLA-identical donors has been established for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia patients for over 30 years with a cure rate of 50 percent to 60 percent. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the overall survival of patients and identify factors that influence the outcomes of this type of transplant in patients in 1st complete remission who received a busulfan and melphalan combination as conditioning regimen. METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive patients with acute myeloid leukemia were enrolled between 2003 and 2008. The median age was 34 years old (Range: 16 - 57 years). All patients received cyclosporine and methotrexate for prophylaxis against graft-versus-host disease. Median neutrophil engraftment time was 16 days (Range: 7 - 22 days) and 17 days (Range: 7 - 46 days) for platelets. Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome was observed in three patients, seven had grade II acute graft-versus-host disease and one extensive chronic graft-versus-host disease. RESULTS: The overall survival by the Kaplan-Meier method was 48 percent after 36 months with a plateau at 36 months after transplantation. Intensive consolidation with high-dose arabinoside resulted in an improved survival (p-value = 0.0001), as did grade II acute graft-versus-host disease (p-value = 0.0377) and mild chronic graft-versus-host disease (p-value < 0.0001). Thirteen patients died, five due to infection within 100 days of transplant, two due to hemorrhages, one to infection and graftversus-host disease and three relapses followed by renal failure (one) and infection (two). The cause of death could not be determined for two patients. CONCLUSION: The busulfan and melphalan conditioning regimen is as good as other conditioning regimens providing an excellent survival rate.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Busulfan/administration & dosage , Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage , Graft vs Host Disease , Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute , Melphalan/administration & dosage , Remission Induction , Survival Analysis
9.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 94(4): 541-548, abr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-546699

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTO: Estabelecer escore de risco para cirurgias cardíacas permite avaliar risco pré-operatório, informar o paciente e definir cuidados durante a intervenção. OBJETIVO: Pesquisar fatores de risco pré-operatórios para óbito em cirurgia cardíaca valvar e construir um modelo de risco simples (escore) para mortalidade hospitalar para os pacientes candidatos à cirurgia no Hospital São Lucas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS). MÉTODOS: A amostra do estudo inclui 1.086 pacientes adultos que realizaram cirurgia cardíaca valvar entre Janeiro de 1996 a Dezembro de 2007 no HSL-PUCRS. Regressão logística foi usada para identificar fatores de risco e mortalidade hospitalar. O modelo foi desenvolvido em 699 pacientes e seu desempenho foi testado nos dados restantes (n = 387). O modelo final foi criado com a análise da amostra total (n = 1.086). RESULTADOS: A mortalidade global foi 11,8 por cento: 8,8 por cento casos eletivos e 63,8 por cento cirurgia de emergência. Na análise multivariada, 9 variáveis permaneceram preditores independentes para o desfecho: idade avançada, prioridade cirúrgica, sexo feminino, fração de ejeção < 45 por cento, cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica (CRM) concomitante, hipertensão pulmonar, classe funcional III ou IV da NYHA, creatinina (1,5 a 2,49 mg/dl e > 2,5 mg/dl ou diálise). A área sob a curva ROC foi 0,83 (IC: 95 por cento, 0,78 - 0,86). O modelo de risco mostrou boa habilidade para mortalidade observada/prevista: teste Hosmer-Lemeshow foi x² = 5,61; p = 0,691 e r = 0,98 (coeficiente de Pearson). CONCLUSÃO: As variáveis preditoras de mortalidade hospitalar permitiram construir um escore de risco simplificado para a prática diária, que classifica o paciente de baixo, médio, elevado, muito elevado e extremamente elevado risco pré-operatório.


BACKGROUND: To establish a risk score for heart surgery allows the assessment of preoperative risk, informing the patient and defining care during the intervention. OBJECTIVE: To assess preoperative risk factors for death in cardiac valve surgery and construct a simple risk model (score) for in-hospital mortality of patients candidate to surgery at Hospital São Lucas of Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (HSL-PUCRS). METHODS: The study sample included 1,086 adult patients that underwent cardiac valve surgery between January 1996 and December 2007 at HSL-PUCRS. Logistic regression was used to identify risk and in-hospital mortality factors. The model was developed in 699 patients and its performance was tested in the remaining data (n = 387). The final model was created using the total study sample (n = 1,086). RESULTS: Global mortality was 11.8 percent: 8.8 percent of elective cases and 63.8 percent of emergency cases. At the multivariate analysis, 9 variables remained independent predictors for the outcome: advanced age, surgical priority, female sex, ejection fraction < 45 percent, concomitant myocardial revascularization (CABG), pulmonary hypertension, NYHA functional class III or IV, creatinine levels (1.5 to 2.49 mg/dl and > 2.5 mg/dl or undergoing dialysis). The area under the ROC curve was 0.83 (95 percent CI: 0.78-0.86). The risk model showed good capacity for observed/predicted mortality: the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was x² = 5.61; p = 0.691 and r = 0.98 (Pearson's coefficient). CONCLUSION: The variables predictive of in-hospital mortality allowed the construction of a simplified risk score for daily practice, which classifies the patient as having low, moderate, high, very high and extremely high preoperative risk.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Hospital Mortality , Heart Valve Diseases/mortality , Preoperative Care/methods , Emergencies , Epidemiologic Methods , Heart Valve Diseases/surgery , Models, Biological , Risk Factors , Risk Assessment/methods , Elective Surgical Procedures/mortality
10.
Rev. paul. pediatr ; 27(1): 81-89, mar. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-511871

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Apresentar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o uso de repelentes de insetos em crianças, com ênfase especial na proteção contra mosquitos. FONTES DE DADOS: Realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Pubmed e Lilacs, cujos artigos incluíam produtos comercialmente disponíveis no Brasil. Foram selecionados artigos publicados nos últimos dez anos em língua inglesa ou portuguesa, referentes a crianças, obtidos com as seguintes palavras-chave: "insect repellents", "children", "mosquitoes", "N,N-dietil-metatoluamida (DEET)". SÍNTESE DOS DADOS: Entre os repelentes tópicos, DEET, icaridina e óleo natural de eucalipto-limão apresentam, em concentrações adequadas, perfil de segurança favorável e são eficazes na prevenção de picadas de mosquitos em crianças e adultos. Em geral, são indicados para crianças acima de dois anos de idade. Medidas físicas são fundamentais para proteger lactentes jovens, especialmente menores de seis meses, com destaque para o uso de telas com permetrina. CONCLUSÕES: Os mosquitos são vetores de doenças infectoparasitárias que acometem, anualmente, milhões de pessoas no mundo e causam milhares de mortes. O combate aos mosquitos inclui medidas ambientais e de proteção individual. O uso de repelentes tópicos para proteção individual da criança exige cuidados específicos e conhecimento quanto ao produto ideal para cada idade, especialmente quando consideradas sua eficácia e segurança.


OBJECTIVE: To present a literature review about the use of insect repellents on children, highlighting the protection against mosquitoes. DATA SOURCES: Pubmed and Lilacs databases were searched for articles in English and Portuguese published in the last ten years with the following key-words: "insect repellents", "children", "mosquitoes", "N,N-dietil-metatoluamida (DEET)". DATA SYNTHESIS: Concerning topical repellents, DEET, icaridine and natural oil of lemon eucalyptus are effective to prevent mosquito bites in children and adults and have favorable safety profile when used in appropriate concentration. They are generally recommended for children older than two years-old. Physical barriers are essential for infant protection, especially if they are six months old or less, with special interest in the permethrin-treated nets. CONCLUSIONS: Mosquitoes are vectors of a variety of infectious and parasitic diseases which annually affect millions of people and cause thousands of deaths worldwide. The combat to mosquitoes includes individual and environmental measures. Topic repellents for children's individual protection demand specific handling attention and knowledge about the ideal product for each age, especially regarding their efficacy and safety.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , DEET , Mosquito Control , Culicidae , Insect Repellents/therapeutic use
11.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 30(2): 149-151, jun. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485243

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To compare post anesthetic time for patient recovery after electroconvulsive therapy, as measured by the post anesthetic Recovery Score of Aldrete and Kroulik, using three different types of hypnotic drugs (propofol, etomidate and thiopental). METHOD: Thirty patients were randomized to receive one of the three drugs (n = 10 in each group), during a course of electroconvulsive therapy treatment. Patients and raters were blinded to which drug was received. Main treatment characteristics were recorded (as total electric charge received seizure threshold, number of treatments, and the mean time for recovery) along the whole treatment. RESULTS: Thiopental and propofol were associated with a significance increase in charge needed to induce a seizure (p < 0.0001) when compared to etomidate, as well as a significant decrease of time for recovery (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that, although there seems to be no difference in the clinical outcome across these three drugs, propofol offers the best recovery profile. However, it makes a higher mean electric charge necessary.


OBJETIVOS: Comparar o tempo de recuperação dos pacientes após eletroconvulsoterapia avaliada com a escala de recuperação pós-anestésica de Aldrete e Kroulik, utilizando três tipos de medicações anestésicas (propofol, etomidato and tiopental). MÉTODO: Trinta pacientes foram randomizados para receber uma das medicações (n = 10 em cada grupo) durante uma série de tratamentos com eletroconvulsoterapia. Os pacientes e o examinador ficaram cegos para o tipo de anestésico utilizado. As principais características do tratamento foram avaliadas (como carga total de eletricidade recebida, limiar convulsivo, número de sessões e o tempo médio para recuperação) ao longo de toda a série de tratamentos. RESULTADOS: Tiopental e propofol se associaram a um aumento significativo na carga elétrica total utilizada (p < 0,0001) quando comparados com etomidato, bem como uma diminuição significativa no tempo de recuperação pós-anestésica (p = 0,042). CONCLUSÕES: Estes achados sugerem que, apesar de não haver diferença na evolução clínica entre os três grupos estudados, a droga propofol oferece o melhor perfil de recuperação apesar de requerer uma carga elétrica média maior.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anesthesia, Intravenous , Electroconvulsive Therapy , Etomidate , Hypnotics and Sedatives , Propofol , Thiopental , Anesthesia Recovery Period , Double-Blind Method , Logistic Models , Time Factors
12.
Braz. oral res ; 22(2): 112-118, 2008. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-485949

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated weight loss and surface roughening after toothbrushing of different resin composites: one packable (Solitaire 2, Heraeus Kulzer), one microhybrid (Charisma, Heraeus Kulzer), one nanohybrid (Simile, Pentron) and one microfilled (Durafill VS, Heraeus Kulzer). Cylindrical specimens (n = 20) were prepared. Half of the samples were submitted to 60,000 strokes, at 4 Hz, with a dentifrice-water slurry. Control samples (n = 10) remained stored at 37°C. Pre- and post-abrasion parameters for weight (mg) and surface roughness (Ra, µm) were determined on an analytical balance and a surface profilometer. Data were separately submitted to Repeated Measures ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). Percentages of weight loss were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (a = 0.05). The relationship between both evaluations was assessed by Pearson's test (a = 0.05). The means ( percent) for weight loss (standard deviation) were 0.65(0.2), 0.93(0.2), 1.25(0.6) and 1.25(0.4) for Simile, Durafill, Charisma and Solitaire, respectively. Baseline roughness means ranged from 0.065(0.01), 0.071(0.01), 0.066(0.02) and 0.074(0.01) for Simile, Durafill, Charisma and Solitaire, respectively, to 0.105(0.04), 0.117(0.03), 0.161(0.03) and 0.214(0.07) after testing. The composites with larger fillers presented higher weight loss and roughening than the finer materials (p < 0.05). For both evaluations, control specimens showed no significant alteration. No significant relationship between loss of weight and roughness alteration was detected (r = 0.322, p = 0.429).


Subject(s)
Acrylic Resins/chemistry , Composite Resins/chemistry , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Dentifrices/chemistry , Polyurethanes/chemistry , Tooth Abrasion/etiology , Toothbrushing/adverse effects , Analysis of Variance , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Dentifrices/adverse effects , Materials Testing , Surface Properties
13.
Arq. odontol ; 43(4): 149-154, out.-dez. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-533415

ABSTRACT

This study assessed the influence of the application of bonding agents prior to or after matrix and wedge placement in the radiographic view of the adhesive layer in cervical walls of Class II composite resin restorations and correlated the findings with marginal leakage. Standard cavities were prepared in the mesial and distal faces of human molars, with cervical margins placed in dentin/cementum. Restorations were made using metallic matrix bands and wooden wedges. The microhybrid composite Filtek Z250 (3M ESPE) and two adhesive systems – Single Bond 2 (SB-3M ESPE) and Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SMP-3M ESPE) – were used, thus defining five groups (n= 12): [SB1] and [SMP1]- matrix and wedge placed after bonding application; [SB2] and [SMP2]-matrix and wedge placed prior to bonding application; [Control] – restorations without adhesive system. Bitewing radiographs from each tooth were obtained and the view or not of the adhesive layer in the cervical wall of each restoration was observed under magnification (40x). Specimens were thermalcycled and dye penetration (0.5% basic fuchsine) evaluated under magnification (40x). Data were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests (p=0.05). The placement of matrix and wedge before bonding agent application increased the view of the adhesive layer only for SB (p<0.001). Matrix did not influence marginal leakage, and no significant relationship between radiographic view of adhesive layerand marginal leakage (r=-0.020; p =0.877) could be observed. In conclusion, SB presented better sealingability than SMP (p<0.01).


Subject(s)
Humans , Dentin-Bonding Agents/adverse effects , Dental Leakage/diagnosis , Composite Resins/adverse effects , Radiography, Bitewing , Dental Restoration, Permanent/adverse effects
14.
Rev. Ciênc. Méd. Biol. (Impr.) ; 6(3): 267-274, set.-dez. 2007. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-530615

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho avaliou a solubilidade do cimento de ionômero de vidro quimicamente ativado Vidrion R® -SS White- (VR) e do reforçado com partículas resinosas Vitremer® -3M- (VT) submetidos ao tratamento com diferentes substâncias clareadoras, empregando o fosfato de zinco como controle. Os agentes clareadores utilizados foram o peróxido de carbamida (PC) e uma pasta composta por perborato de sódio + peróxido de hidrogênio (PP), ambos a 37 por cento. Também foi avaliada a influência do tempo decorrido desde o preparo do corpo-de-prova até o momento de aplicação do clareador (se o mesmo for utilizado imediatamente após a restauração ou 24 horas depois). Foram confeccionados, com matriz padronizada, 70 corpos de prova divididos em 10 grupos (n=7) sendo que nos grupos ímpares os materiais foram utilizados imediatamente após o preparo dos corpos-de-prova e nos pares, 24 horas depois. Previamente à imersão nos clareadores, os corpos de prova foram lavados em água “Mili Q”, enxaguados e secos a uma temperatura média de 50oC durante 30 minutos até a obtenção do peso constante. Após, foram pesados em Balança Analítica de Precisão GEHAR A6-200 e imersos nos agentes clareadores sendo novamente lavados, secos e pesados no período de 21 dias, tempo final do experimento. Os resultados foram analisados através do teste de Kruskal-Wallis (ñ<1 por cento). De acordo com a metodologia empregada, foi possível verificar que o Vitremer demonstrou ser menos solúvel aos agentes clareadores quando comparado ao Vidrion R. Quando comparado com o Fosfato de zinco nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significante foi encontrada.


Subject(s)
Glass Ionomer Cements , Tooth Bleaching , Dental Materials , Solubility
15.
Genet. mol. res. (Online) ; 6(4): 1190-1200, 2007. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-520030

ABSTRACT

The genetic analysis of composite data is very complicated, mainly because it is necessary to adjust data to the effects of heterosis and breed complementarity, and because there is usually considerable confounding of these data with several other effects, such as contemporary group effects, breed composition of the animal and maternal breed composition, among others. Data on birth weight (n = 151,083), weaning weight adjusted to 205 days (n = 137,257), yearling weight adjusted to 390 days (n = 61,410), weight gain from weaning to yearling (n = 56,653), and scrotum circumference (n = 23,323) and muscle score (n = 54,770), both adjusted to 390 days, from Bos taurus x Bos indicus composite beef calves born from 1994 to 2003 were analyzed to estimate (co)variance components and genetic parameters of growth traits. The animals belonged to the Montana Tropical® program. Estimation was made by three models that approach adjustment to heterozygosis in order to suggest the best model. The RM model included contemporary groups, class of age of dam, outcrossing percentages for direct and maternal effects, and direct and maternal additive genetic breed effects as covariates; the R model was the same as RM, but without additive maternal breed effects, and H was the same as RM, but not considering any additive breed effect. Both R2 values and consistency of genetic parameters indicate that the more complex model (RM), which considers maternal and individual additive genetic breed effect, produces the best estimates when compared to other models. The R model seems to overestimate (co)variance components. The magnitudes of direct and maternal heritability estimates, obtained in this study, would permit genetic improvement for weight and growth traits, as much by selection of direct genetic effects for weight and growth as for the improvement of maternal performance, but in different lineages. Therefore, the correlations between these effects were unfavorable.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Cattle/genetics , Body Weight/genetics , Birth Weight/genetics , Brazil , Cattle/classification , Cattle/growth & development , Species Specificity , Models, Genetic , Breeding
16.
Acta oncol. bras ; 20(3): 121-126, jul.-set. 2000. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-302220

ABSTRACT

Os antagonistas serotoninérgicos como o Granisetron (GRA) e Ondansetron (OND) são medicações antieméticas eficazes porém muito custosas. Neste estudo, comparamos a eficácia antiemética da menor dose endovenosa (EV)recomendada de GRA (10ug/kg) com a dose padrão e mais cara de 32 mg EV de OND administradas antes de quimioterapia de alto e moderado poder emetogênico a paciente previamente não tratados. Oitenta pacientes foram aleatorizados, 45 para GRA e 35 para OND. Ambos os grupos foram comparáveis em relação a idade, sexo, uso de álcool e poder emetogênico da quimioterapia administrada. A eficácia destas medicações foi medida 24 horas após a sua administração. Proteção completa de vômitos, náuseas e ambos náuseas e vômitos ocorreram em 68,5 versus 46.6 por cento (p=0.083), 45 por cento versus 40 por cento (p=0.77) e 42 por cento versus 22 por cento (p=0.08) dos pacientes tratados com OND e GRA, respectivamente. Não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos em relação ao número de episódios de vômitos, intensidade da náusea, e na avaliação de qualidade de vida (QV) medida através do questionário FLIE ("Functional Living Index of Emesis"). O custo de aquisição do regime contendo GRA foi cerca de 5 vezes inferior ao de OND. Concluímos que, apesar de uma tendência favorecendo uma maior eficácia antiemética de OND, face à grande diferença em termos do preço de aquisição de ambos os regimes antieméticos, a utilização de GRA na dose de 10 ug/kg EV parece ser uma alternativa aceitável à mais custosa dose padrão de 32 mg EV de OND, sem prejuízo na avaliação de QV.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Antiemetics/administration & dosage , Cost Savings , Granisetron , Nausea , Ondansetron , Serotonin , Vomiting , Antiemetics/therapeutic use , Granisetron , Ondansetron , Serotonin Antagonists
17.
RBCF, Rev. bras. ciênc. farm. (Impr.) ; 35(2): 281-8, jul.-dez. 1999. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-263423

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se as características físicas e físico-químicas de diferentes lotes de quatro especialidades farmacêuticas contendo ibuprofeno (produtos A, B, C e D), sob a forma de comprimidos de liberação imediata, disponíveis no mercado nacional e comercializados como similares intercambiáveis, enfatizando-se o estudo comparativo da cinética de dissolução do fármaco. Utilizou-se equipamento para dissolução de formas sólidas de acordo com a USP 23, empregando-se tampão fosfato pH 7,2 como meio de dissolução a 37,0 ñ 0,5 ºC e aparato 1 na velocidade de 150 rpm. Os produtos A e B e os produtos C e D, respectivamente, poderiam, teoricamente, ser considerados equivalentes farmacêuticos, segundo a definição da Food and Drug Administration (FDA-USA)...


Subject(s)
Drugs, Generic , Ibuprofen/pharmacokinetics , Similar , Biological Availability , Drug Evaluation , Tablets , Therapeutic Equivalency
18.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 49(1): 14-8, jan.-fev. 1999. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-229599

ABSTRACT

Justificativa e objetivos - dentre as complicaçöes descritas dos bloqueios retrobulbar e peribulbar encontram-se aquelas decorrentes da injeçäo do anestésico local na bainha do nervo óptico, levando à parada respeitarória ou cardiorrespiratória. Assim sendo, a proptose constitui um sinal clínico importante para as técnicas de bloqueio oftálmicos. O objetivo deste estudo foi medir o grau de proptose causada pela injeçäo retrobulbar e peribulbar de anestésico local, com volume fixo, e verificar o grau e o tempo de regressäo. Método - participaram do estudo 40 pacientes, com idade entre 22 e 86 anos, estado físico ASA I e II, programados para facectomia extra-capsular com implante de lente intra-ocular e divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos de 20: Grupo P (Peribulbar) e Grupo R (Retrobulbar). No Grupo R, foi feito bloqueio retrobulbar e no Grupo P bloqueio peribulbar com dupla punçäo. Em ambos os grupos foi utilizado o volume de 6ml de soluçäo, anestésica constituída de partes iguais de bupivacaína 0,75 por cento e lidocaína 2 por cento com adrenalina 1:200.000 e hialuronidase 30 Ul.ml-1. Após a injeçäo foi feita compressäo externa intermitente do globo ocular. Foram observados os seguintes parâmetros: a) presença de proptose após a injeçäo de 1ml da soluçäo; b) medida do grau de proptose após a injeçäo de volume total; c) regressäo da proptose, medida a cada minuto, por cinco vezes, interrompendo-se a compressäo por 15 minutos. Resultados - observou-se proptose após a injeçäo de 1ml da soluçäo e todos os casos. As medidas da proptose näo diferem entre os dois grupos nos sete momentos estudados. As comparaçöes intra-grupos mostraram variaçöes percentuais e diferenças significativas entre os diversos momentos em ambos os grupos. Conclusöes - a presença de proptose é observada tanto no bloqueio retrobulbar como no bloqueio peribulbar e o grau de instalaçäo, assim como o tempo de regressäo säo semelhantes para os dois tipos de bloqueio


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Bupivacaine/therapeutic use , Epinephrine/administration & dosage , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Exophthalmos/chemically induced , Exophthalmos/etiology , Lens Implantation, Intraocular , Lidocaine/administration & dosage , Lidocaine/therapeutic use , Drug Combinations , Eye/surgery , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Midazolam/administration & dosage , Midazolam/therapeutic use
19.
São Paulo med. j ; 116(6): 1866-72, nov.-dez. 1998. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-229427

ABSTRACT

Context: The development and evolution of different chronic diabetic complications may present variations among the different types and conditions of this disease. Objective: To evaluate the degree of microangiopathy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) associated with autoimmune polyendocrinopathies (OSAD) or isolated DM1 (iDM1). Patients: OSAD (n=17)and iDM1 (n=13) were over 15 years old at diagnosis of DM and were matched for diabetes duration (13.9 + 8.2 and 13.2 + 5.9 years, respectively) and metabolic control (HbA1c: 6.4 + 1.9 and 6.8 + 1.4 per cent). Main Outcome Measures: Urinary albumin excretion (UAE; ELISA), the inversion of serum creatinine (1/C) level and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Results: Although the prevalence of hypertension was similar in both groups, the OSAD had inferior levels of UAE (7.4 + 2.5 vs. 17.3 + 9.2 mug/min; p<0.05). Nephropathy was detected in 12 per cent of the OSAD (none of them macroproteinuric) and in 39 per cent of the iDM1. The UAE in the iDM1 correlated negatively with 1/C values (r= -0.7, p<0.005), but the same did not occur in the OSAD (r= 0.2, ns). Among patients with retinopathy, the severe form was found in 29 per cent of the OSAD and in 46 per cent of the iDM1. Conclusions. OSAD was associated with a lower degree of microangiopathy, in spite of age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes and the metabolic control. In contrast with the iDM1, the increase in UAE of OSAD was not associated with reductions in GFR.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Polyendocrinopathies, Autoimmune/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetic Angiopathies , Random Allocation , Retrospective Studies , Diabetic Angiopathies/epidemiology
20.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Fac. Med. Univ. Säo Paulo ; 44(2): 58-62, mar.-abr. 1989. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-74500

ABSTRACT

A determinaçäo correta da proteinúria de 24 horas (PU24) em nível ambulatorial freqüentemente está sujeita a erros na coleta de urina por parte dos pacientes. Com o objetivo de superar este problema, tem sido proposta a utilizaçäo do índice de proteinúria (IP), obtido da razäo das concentraçöes de proteína/creatinina em amostra isolada de urina, representativa da PU24. Neste trabalho foram correlacionados o IP e a PU24 em 24 pacientes (22 homens e 20 mulheres), com idades entre 14 e 63 anos. Foram realizados: depuraçäo de creatinina (Cer) de 2 horas, medidas de PU24 e cálculos do IP nas amostras de urina de cada paciente. As medidas de PU24 foram correlacionadas com os valores de IP. Na análise de regressäo linear obteve-se a equaçäo y = 0,517 ñ 0,759x com r = 0,914, sugerindo excelente correlaçäo entre a PU24 e o IP em amostra isolada (p < 0,001). Valores de r > 0,9 foram sempre obtidos, independentemente dos valores de Cer e da PU24. Estes resultados sugerem que o IP em amostra isolada de urina pode ser um valioso e prático parâmetro no diagnóstico e seguimento de pacientes nefropatas


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Creatinine/urine , Proteinuria/urine , Specimen Handling
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