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italic>Polygonatum franchetii Hua is a medicinal plant endemic to China from Polygonatum Mill. The chloroplast genomes of two P. franchetii individuals sampled from two different habitats were sequenced by using the DNBSEQ-T7 high-throughput sequencing platform. After assembly and annotation, the two complete chloroplast genomes were characterized, and then comparative and phylogenetic analyses were performed with other published chloroplast genome sequences from Polygonatum. The whole chloroplast genomes of the two P. franchetii individuals were 155 942 and 155 962 bp in length, with a large single copy region (LSC, 84 670 and 84 722 bp), a small single copy region (SSC, 18 564 and 18 566 bp) and a pair of reverse repeats (IRa/IRb, 26 354 and 26 337 bp), respectively. Both of them contained 113 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 30 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 4 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Comparative analyses showed that the genome length, the guanine and cytosine (GC) content, genes content and order were highly conserved between the two P. franchetii individuals and among different Polygonatum species. The detected repeat sequences, including dispersed repeats, tandem repeats and simple sequence repeats (SSRs), were also relatively similar in types and positions, though showing a slightly difference in number. No significant expansion or contraction of the inverted repeat regions was found. Sequences variation between the two P. franchetii individuals was lower than that among different Polygonatum species. Besides, coding sequences (CDS) showed less divergence than noncoding sequences, and sequence divergence of IRs regions was lower than that of the LSC and SSC regions, both intraspecifically and interspecifically. Eight sequences with high nucleotide diversity among different species were screened, all of which were found located in the LSC and SSC regions. Phylogenetic inference showed that all Polygonatum species clustered into a monophyletic clade with a 100% bootstrap value, within which, species in section Verticillata formed a distinct group, section Sibirica and section Polygonatum were sister groups. The two P. franchetii individuals grouped together and showed the closest phylogenetic affinity to P. stenophyllum Maxim., belonging to the section Verticillata. The chloroplast genome of P. franchetii and its phylogenetic position in Polygonatum were comprehensively investigated and clearly elucidated in this study, the results may lay a foundation for the resource development and utilization of P. franchetii, as well as further molecular identification and phylogenetic studies of medicinal Polygonatum species.
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To explore the research hotspots and frontier directions of pyroptosis in the field of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), the authors searched CNKI and Web of Science for literature related to pyroptosis in TCM, screened literature according to the search strategy and inclusion criteria, and analyzed the publication trend of the included literature. VOSviewer was used to draw author cooperation and keyword co-occurrence network diagrams, and CiteSpace was employed for keyword clustering, emergence, and timeline view. Finally, 507 Chinese literature and 464 English literature were included, and it was found that the number of Chinese and English literature was increasing rapidly year by year. The co-occurrence of the authors showed that in terms of Chinese literature, there was a representative research team composed of DU Guan-hua, WANG Shou-bao and FANG Lian-hua, and for English literature, the representative research team was composed of XIAO Xiao-he, BAI Zhao-fang and XU Guang. The network visualization of Chinese and English keywords revealed that inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, autophagy, organ damage, fibrosis, atherosclerosis, and ischemia-reperfusion injury were the primary research diseases and pathological processes in TCM; berberine, resveratrol, puerarin, na-ringenin, astragaloside Ⅳ, and baicalin were the representative active ingredients; NLRP3/caspase-1/GSDMD, TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3, and p38/MAPK signaling pathways were the main research pathways. Keyword clustering, emergence, and timeline analysis indicated that the pyroptosis research in TCM focused on the mechanism of TCM monomers and compounds intervening in diseases and pathological processes. Pyroptosis is a research hotspot in the area of TCM, and the current discussion mainly focuses on the mechanism of the therapeutic effect of TCM.
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Pyroptosis , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein , Pattern Recognition, Automated , ApoptosisABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical application value of plasma SEPT9 gene methylation combined with serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.Methods:A total of 219 patients with colorectal diseases in Baoji Central Hospital and Yunnan Province New Kun Hua Hospital from May 2018 to October 2021 were selected, including 149 cases of colorectal cancer and 70 cases of colorectal polyp diagnosed by pathology. A total of 100 healthy people in the same period were selected as the healthy control group. The methylation of SEPT9 gene in plasma was measured by using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the levels of serum CEA and CA724 were measured by using electrochemiluminescence. The expressions of three indicators in each group were compared, and the effect of every single indicator and the combination of the three indicators on the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:The positive rate of SEPT9 gene methylation in colorectal cancer group (74.50%, 111/149) was higher than that in colorectal polyp group (22.86%, 16/70) and healthy control group (1.00%, 1/100), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The positive rate of CEA in colorectal cancer group (46.98%, 70/149) was higher than that in colorectal polyp group (40.00%, 28/70) and the healthy control group (3.00%, 3/100) and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The positive rate of CA724 in colorectal cancer group (38.93%, 58/149) was higher than that in colorectal polyp group (32.86%, 23/70) and the healthy control group (2.00%, 2/100), and the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC of SEPT9 gene methylation, CEA and CA724 in the single diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 0.823 (95% CI 0.753-0.891), 0.788 (95% CI 0.725-0.852) and 0.689 (95% CI 0.624-0.754), respectively. The optimal cut-off Ct value of SEPT9 gene methylation in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 36.5, the sensitivity was 90.30%, and the positive predictive value was 84.68%, which were higher than those of CEA and CA724. The optimal cut-off value of CEA in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer was 8.80 ng/ml, and the specificity (77.50%) and negative predictive value (78.48%) were higher than those of SEPT9 gene methylation and CA724. The sensitivity (97.66%), positive predictive value (93.98%), negative predictive value (81.25%) and AUC (0.846, 95% CI 0.749-0.944) of the combined detection of the three indexes taking the optimal cut-off value of every single indicator were higher than those of the single indicator. Conclusions:The combined detection of plasma SEPT9 gene methylation, CEA and CA724 in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer has high sensitivity and accuracy. The three combined detection can complement each other and improve the diagnostic efficiency, which is of high clinical value for the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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Objective:To investigate the risk factors of hyperuricemia (HUA) in non-dialysis diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients, and to observe the protective effect of febuxostat on kidney.Methods:The clinical data of 317 DN patients without dialysis in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2018 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, HUA occurred in 148 cases (HUA group), the incidence of HUA was 46.69%, and no HUA occurred in 169 cases (non-HUA group). In HUA group, 74 patients were treated with febuxostat (observation subgroup), and 74 patients with allopurinol (control subgroup). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the independent risk factors of HUA in patients with DN; a nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of HUA in patients with DN was established by R 4.0.2 software, the predictive ability of the nomogram model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the calibration and validity of the prediction model were verified by correction curve and deviation correction C-index.Results:There were no significant difference in gender composition and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot between the two groups ( P>0.05); the age, body mass index (BMI), DN course>3 years rate, smoking rate, drinking rate, family history of diabetes rate, seafood consumption more than 2 times a week rate, and the incidences of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, nephrolithiasis, stroke in HUA group were significantly higher than those in non-HUA group: (57.96 ± 5.25) years old vs. (56.14 ± 4.71) years old, (24.18 ± 3.95) kg/m 2 vs. (23.06 ± 3.12) kg/m 2, 78.38% (116/148) vs. 30.77% (52/169), 84.46% (125/148) vs. 28.99% (49/169), 93.92% (139/148) vs. 40.24% (68/169), 62.84% (93/148) vs. 50.30% (85/169), 46.62% (69/148) vs. 15.38% (26/169), 41.89% (62/148) vs. 20.71% (35/169), 73.65% (109/148) vs. 45.56% (77/169), 39.86% (59/148) vs. 18.34% (31/169), 45.95% (68/148) vs. 26.04% (44/169) and 50.68% (75/148) vs. 8.28% (14/169), and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01 or <0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that age, BMI, course of DN, smoking, drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, nephrolithiasis, stroke and weekly seafood consumption were independent risk factors for HUA in patients with DN ( OR = 1.053, 1.062, 3.192, 3.638, 5.397, 1.371, 1.690, 1.404, 1.392, 2.295 and 2.581; 95% CI 1.028 to 1.078, 1.031 to 1.093, 2.517 to 3.867, 2.754 to 4.522, 4.169 to 6.625, 1.253 to 1.489, 1.482 to 1.898, 1.237 to 1.571, 1.284 to 1.501, 1.730 to 2.860 and 1.862 to 3.300; P<0.01), but the family history of diabetes was not related to the occurrence of HUA in DN patients ( P>0.05). A nomogram model was established based on age, BMI, course of DN, smoking, drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, nephrolithiasis, stroke and weekly seafood consumption as predictors of HUA in patients with DN; the results of correction curve analysis show that the actual curve was consistent with the ideal curve, and the prediction of HUA in patients with DN by the nomogram model was consistent with the actual situation (C-index was 0.931, 95% CI 0.895 to 0.967). The results of ROC curve analysis show that the nomogram model had a strong ability to predict the occurrence of HUA in patients with DN (the area under the curve was 0.855, 95% CI 0.842 to 0.868). The total effective rate in observation subgroup was significantly higher than that in control subgroup: 93.24% (69/74) vs. 70.27% (52/74), the levels of uric acid, creatinine and urea nitrogen after treatment were significantly lower than those in control subgroup: (314 ± 65) μmol/L vs. (392 ± 75) μmol/L, (227 ± 46) μmol/L vs. (271 ± 53) μmol/L and (13.52 ± 2.47) mmol/L vs. (16.80 ± 3.05) mmol/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The age, BMI, course of DN, smoking, drinking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, nephrolithiasis, stroke and weekly seafood consumption are independent risk factors for HUA in patients with DN. Febuxostat can effectively protect the renal function of patients with DN complicated with HUA.
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Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of hyperuricemia(HUA) and explore early intervention of metabolic diseases.Methods:A total of 70 523 participants were selected from the database of check-ups in 2016. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to identify related factors of HUA. Correspondence analysis was performed for the aggregation of different levels of uric acid(UA) and related factors. The mediating effect of mean blood pressure(MBP) between abnormal metabolic indicators and abnormal renal function was tested.Results:The age, sex, occupation, body mass index(BMI), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatinine(Cr), estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR), fasting plasma glucose(FPG), total cholesterol(TC), triacylglycerol(TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, plasma viscosity were significantly related to HUA( P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that youth, male, hypertension, TC, TG, and Cr were risk factors for HUA, while HDL-C was a protective factor for HUA( P<0.001). Correspondence analysis showed that during the gradual increase of UA, TC was the first to appear abnormal, followed by hypertension and TG, and the increase of Cr appeared last. Mediating effect showed that in changes of UA, the mediating effects of MBP on TC, TG, and HDL-C were 36.35%, 12.63%, and 9.41%, respectively. In changes of eGFR, the mediating effects of MBP on TC, TG and HDL-C were 30.20%, 27.70%, and 6.13%, respectively. Conclusions:UA is positively correlated with blood pressure, TC, and TG, and inversely with HDL-C. TC and TG have an impact on renal impairment, in which MBP plays a mediating role.
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Objective:This study explored the correlation between Cardiovascular metabolic index (CMI) and hyperuricemia (HUA) in non-obese Chinese population.Methods:73 150 non-obese people who received routine physical examination between January 2014 to December 2017 were included in this cross-sectional study (from Jingjiang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Hangzhou Aeronautical Sanatorium of Chinese Air Force, and Shanghai Changhai Hospital). The anthropometric indexes, lipid parameters including triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, uric acid, and other clinical parameters were collected, and the CMI values were calculated from the waist-to-body ratio (WHtR). The correlation between CMI and HUA was analyzed by Logistic regression model.Results:Among 39 443 non-obese women, 5 825 patients were HUAs with a prevalence rate of 14.7%; among 33 707 non-obese men, 7 720 were HUAs with a prevalence rate of 22.9%. HUA had no significant association with Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR) and WHtR, but only with CMI. The highest quartile of women in CMI was 6.311(5.734, 6.947) and 6.785(6.092, 7.557) in male, P<0.01. Conclusion:CMI is significantly associated with HUA in non-obese Chinese population and is expected to become a new monitoring parameter for the prevention and management of HUA and gout.
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Objective To survey the prevalence of Hyperuricemia (HUA) in elder population of Changchun city,and to detect the correlation between cardiovascular risk factors and the HUA.Methods 900 residents older than 55 years were selected randomly for this questionnaire survey.Physical and laboratory examinations were performed.Results The HUA prevalence rate elder people in Xixin District of Changchun was 16.0％(144/900),while the rates were 13.7％(50/365),15.2％(47/309) and 20.8％(47/226) (P＜0.05) in the elder group (55-65 years),the aged group (66-75 years),and the advanced aged group (older than 76 years) respectively;there was no statistical significant difference in the prevalences between male and female (x2=0.023 5,P＞0.05).The HUA prevalence rate was significantly different between people who had different level of blood pressure,cholesterol,hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),body mass index (BMI),waisthip ratio (WHR).The level of uric acid (UA),total cholesterol (TC) and hs-CRP was significantly different in people with high uric acid when compared with those of normal patients (P＜0.05).There was positive correlation between UA level and TC,triglyceride (TG) level (r=0.364,P＜0.05;r=0.479,P＜0.05).Conclusion The HUA prevalence rate increases significantly as people getting older.There is positive correlation between the increase of uric acid level and the major cardiovascular risk factor.People with hypertension,hyperlipidemia,overweight and obese have high risk for HUA,so change life style and dietary habits may prevent or reduce the occurrence of HUA.
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Objective To investigate the hyperuricemia(HUA)and the correlation of blood lipids of the 60 -70years peple in Renqiu area,and to provide the basis for guiding prevention and treatment of the elderly disease the region.Methods According to the cluster random sampling method,Renqiu permanent residents with the age of 60 to 70 years were selected as a screening object.In the total 5 010 cases screened object,2 163 were male(43.2%),2 847 were female(56.8%),with an average age of(64.29 ±3.05)years.The data of blood uric acid and total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG),high -density lipoprotein(HDL -C),low -density lipoprotein(LDL -C)were collected.The rela-tionship between blood uric acid and blood lipids were analyzed.Logistic regression method was used to analysis the relationship between the hyperuricemia and lipids components.Results The overall prevalence of hyperuricemia in Renqiu was 6.1%(9.8% in male,3.2% in female).In men HUA group,the levels of blood uric acid,TG and LDL-L were 464.10(438.00 -508.65)μmol/L,1.54(1.00 -2.19)mmol/Land 2.66(2.25 -3.22)mmol/L,which were higher than those of normal uric acid group of 294.00(249.90 -338.08)μmol/L,1.13(0.84 -1.65)mmol/L and 2.57(2.12 -3.01)mmol/L(P <0.05).In women HUA group,the levels of blood uric acid,TG and LDL -L were 454.15(434.15 -480.78)μmol/L,2.14(1.47 -3.18)mmol/L and 2.96(2.52 -3.76)mmol/L,which were higher than those of normal uric acid group of 250.80(209.00 -299.80)μmol/L,1.53(1.10 -2.20)mmol/L and 2.87(2.40 -3.33)mmol/L(P <0.05).Logistic multi -factor regression analysis showed that TG was an independ-ent risk factor for hyperuricemia,and that HDL -L and gender were protective factors.Conclusion Hyperuricemia is closely associated with blood lipid,especially with TG and HDL -L,so we could screening HUA by blood lipid,which can reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular disease effectively.
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Objective To investigate the relationship and the influence between pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) and hyperuricemia (HUA).Methods 157 PDM patients,aged 20 to 75 years old were selected from the Second Clinical Medical College of Harbin Medical University,from 2009 February to 2010 February and were divided into HUA group (76 cases) and NUA group (81 cases).All the patients had not been on thiazide drugs.T-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used to calculate the differences and correlation between uric acid and biochemical indicators.Results In the HUA group,BMI was (27.74 ± 2.88) kg/m2,waist to height ratio (WSR) was (0.55 ± 0.41),TC was (6.61 ± 0.73) mmol/L,TG was (3.94 ± 1.97) mmol/L,LDL-C was (3.60 ± 0.45) mmol/L and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was (3.09± 1.20).There were significant differences noticed in BMI,TG,TC,LDL-C,HOMA-IR at higher level in the HUA group than those in the NUA group.Pre-diabetes uric acid levels were positively correlated with TG,TC,LDL-C while HOMA-1R (TG:r=0.29,TC:r=0.33,LDL-C:r=0.49,HOMA-IR:r=0.51,P＜0.05)was negatively correlated (r=－0.30,P＜0.05) with the HbAlc.Conclusion The levels of PDM uric acid might both be related with TC,TG,LDL-C and HOMA-IR.The High level of uric acid status in vivo appeared closely related to HOMA-IR,which could further promote the progress of pre-diabetic patients to diabetes and causing dyslipidemia.Our findings suggested that the levels of pre-diabetes uric acid levels should be under concern.
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Meng-Gen-Wu-Su (mercury)-18-composition pill was firstly recorded in the book of Gan-Lu-Si-Bu with the name of Jin-18 pill . The name of Me ng-G e n-W u-Su ( mercury )-18-composition pill was firstly recorded in the book of Me ng-Y i-Jin-G ui . Its composition and dosage had always been adjusted in the later dynasties . Until the issue of the book Ne i-Me ng G u-Me ng Che ng-Y ao Biao-Zhun , the composition and dosage of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su was promulgated. In different periods, the Meng-Gen-Wu-Su consisted of 17, 18 or 19 kinds of herbs. There are at least five different types of herbs appeared in the Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill. But 16 kinds of medicinals such as mercury, He-Zi, Cao-Wu, Liu-Huang, Qing-Ma-Zi, Jue-Ming-Zi, Bai-Yun-Xiang, Mu-Xiang, Shi-Chang-Pu, Su-Ge-Mu-Le, Shi-Gao, Rou-Dou-Kou, Ding-Xiang, Cao-Guo, Hong-Hua, Hei-Yun-Xiang are fixed in the composition. The proportion of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill is inconsistent in different periods. The significant difference of drug dosage proportion are Liu-Huang and Bai-Yun-Xiang, followed by Qing-Ma-Zi, Jue-Ming-Zi, Cao-Guo, Wen-Guan-Mu. The Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill and Jin-18 pill from the book of Gan-Lu-Si-Bu are same prescription with the same composition but different names. The composition and dosage proportion of Meng-Gen-Wu-Su-18-composition pill from the book of Meng-Yi-Jin-Gui and He-Li-Le Jing-Zhu Jie-Y i Nan-Jing are the same with the same prescription name .
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ObjectiveTo observed the effects of auricular point sticking auxiliary treatment on ⅢB chronic prostatitis.Methods20 patients with ⅢB chronic prostatitis were assigned to auricular point sticking combined with KeDuo-Hua therapy (trial group) or KeDuo-Hua therapy alone (control group).In 1 month of treatment cycles,the improvement of NIH-CPSI score was observed.ResultsThe pain or discomfort symptoms,voiding symptoms,quality of life score were (14.65±2.06),(5.80± 1.06),(8.05± 1.23) in the trial group respectively,and (14.10±2.05),(5.65± 1.31),(7.45±1.50) in the control group respectively before treatment; these values turned to (5.80±0.83),(2.80±1.15),(3.75±0.76) in the trial group,and (8.90±1.10),(2.90±1.37),(4.20±1.77) in the control group respectively after the treatment.The difference between the two groups was significant (P＜0.05).ConclusionAuricular point sticking auxiliary treatment of ⅢB prostatitis is effective.
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Objective To evaluate the predictive value of uric acid (UA) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods 711 subjects aged 45-60 years old with normal fasting blood glucose (FBG) were studied in 1992.The subjects were divided into 2 groups according to their 1992 UA data in the normal UA group and in the hyperuricemia (HUA) group.We analyzed the prevalence of DM-2 in 2007 according to data on UA in 1992.Relative risk (RR) of the cohort was calculated under x2 test and logistic regression analysis.Results FBG and the prevalence rate of DM in 2007 in the HUA group were statistically higher than those in the normal group.The relative risk (RR) of HUA to DM was 3.749 (P=0.000),with 95％ Confidence interval (CI) as 2.387-5.890.Data from the logistic regression analysis,after adjusting for other risk factors,the RR of UA to DM was 1.426 (P＝0.003),with 95％ CI as 1.173-1.705.Conclusion The abnormal UA was closely related to glucose metabolism disorder while hyperuricemia appeared to be associated with increased risk of type 2 DM.
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ZHANG Lin-hua, GAO Rui-chang, XU Ming-li (School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)