ABSTRACT
Abstract Transplanting time and genotype contribute to improving crop yield and quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar applied of triacontanol (TRIA) and eggplant genotypes 25919, Nirala, 28389 and Pak-10927,transplanted on 1 March,15 March, and 1 April on exposure to high air temperature conditions. The experiment was performed according to Randomized Complete Block Design and the data was analyzed by using Tuckey,s test . The TRIA was applied at 10µM at flowering stage; distilled water was used as the control. Rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and effects on antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) were evaluated. The 10µM TRIA increased photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency and yield was improved in all genotypes transplanted at the different dates. Foliar application of 10µM TRIA increased antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, POD & CAT) and improved physiological as well as biochemical attributes of eggplant genotypes exposed to high heat conditions. Highest activity of dismutase enzyme 5.41mg/1g FW was recorded in Nirala genotype in second transplantation. Whereas, lowest was noted in PAK-10927 (2.30mg/g FW). Maximum fruit yield was found in accession 25919 (1.725kg per plant) at 1st transplantation with Triacontanol, whereas accession PAK-10927 gave the lowest yield (0.285 kg per plant) at control treatment on 3rd transplantation. Genotype, transplanting date and application of TRIA improved growth, yield and quality attributes under of heat stress in eggplant.
Resumo O tempo de transplante e o genótipo contribuem para melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade da cultura da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.). Um experimento de campo foi conduzido para investigar o impacto da aplicação foliar de triacontanol (TRIA) e genótipos de berinjela 25919, Nirala, 28389 e Pak-10927, transplantados em 1 de março, 15 de março e 1 de abril de exposição a condições de alta temperatura do ar. O experimento foi realizado de acordo com o Randomized Complete Block Design e os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Tuckey. O TRIA foi aplicado a 10 µM na fase de floração; água destilada foi utilizada como controle. Taxa de fotossíntese e transpiração, condutância estomática, eficiência do uso da água e efeitos sobre as enzimas antioxidantes (superóxido dismutase, catalase e peroxidase) foram avaliados. O TRIA 10 µM aumentou a taxa de fotossíntese e a eficiência do uso da água e o rendimento foi melhorado em todos os genótipos transplantados nas diferentes datas. A aplicação foliar de TRIA 10µM aumentou as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, POD e CAT) e melhorou os atributos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de genótipos de berinjela expostos a condições de alto calor. A atividade mais elevada da enzima dismutase 5,41mg / 1g FW foi registrada no genótipo Nirala no segundo transplante. Considerando que o mais baixo foi observado em PAK-10927 (2,30 mg / g FW). A produtividade máxima de frutos foi encontrada no acesso 25919 (1,725 kg por planta) no 1º transplante com Triacontanol, enquanto o acesso PAK-10927 deu a menor produção (0,285 kg por planta) no tratamento de controle no 3º transplante. Genótipo, data de transplante e aplicação de TRIA, melhoramento do crescimento, rendimento e atributos de qualidade sob estresse térmico em berinjela.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Transplanting time and genotype contribute to improving crop yield and quality of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impact of foliar applied of triacontanol (TRIA) and eggplant genotypes 25919, Nirala, 28389 and Pak-10927,transplanted on 1 March,15 March, and 1 April on exposure to high air temperature conditions. The experiment was performed according to Randomized Complete Block Design and the data was analyzed by using Tuckey,s test . The TRIA was applied at 10µM at flowering stage; distilled water was used as the control. Rate of photosynthesis and transpiration, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, and effects on antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) were evaluated. The 10µM TRIA increased photosynthesis rate and water use efficiency and yield was improved in all genotypes transplanted at the different dates. Foliar application of 10µM TRIA increased antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, POD & CAT) and improved physiological as well as biochemical attributes of eggplant genotypes exposed to high heat conditions. Highest activity of dismutase enzyme 5.41mg/1g FW was recorded in Nirala genotype in second transplantation. Whereas, lowest was noted in PAK-10927 (2.30mg/g FW). Maximum fruit yield was found in accession 25919 (1.725kg per plant) at 1st transplantation with Triacontanol, whereas accession PAK-10927 gave the lowest yield (0.285 kg per plant) at control treatment on 3rd transplantation. Genotype, transplanting date and application of TRIA improved growth, yield and quality attributes under of heat stress in eggplant.
Resumo O tempo de transplante e o genótipo contribuem para melhorar a produtividade e a qualidade da cultura da berinjela (Solanum melongena L.). Um experimento de campo foi conduzido para investigar o impacto da aplicação foliar de triacontanol (TRIA) e genótipos de berinjela 25919, Nirala, 28389 e Pak-10927, transplantados em 1 de março, 15 de março e 1 de abril de exposição a condições de alta temperatura do ar. O experimento foi realizado de acordo com o Randomized Complete Block Design e os dados foram analisados pelo teste de Tuckey. O TRIA foi aplicado a 10 µM na fase de floração; água destilada foi utilizada como controle. Taxa de fotossíntese e transpiração, condutância estomática, eficiência do uso da água e efeitos sobre as enzimas antioxidantes (superóxido dismutase, catalase e peroxidase) foram avaliados. O TRIA 10 µM aumentou a taxa de fotossíntese e a eficiência do uso da água e o rendimento foi melhorado em todos os genótipos transplantados nas diferentes datas. A aplicação foliar de TRIA 10µM aumentou as atividades das enzimas antioxidantes (SOD, POD e CAT) e melhorou os atributos fisiológicos e bioquímicos de genótipos de berinjela expostos a condições de alto calor. A atividade mais elevada da enzima dismutase 5,41mg / 1g FW foi registrada no genótipo Nirala no segundo transplante. Considerando que o mais baixo foi observado em PAK-10927 (2,30 mg / g FW). A produtividade máxima de frutos foi encontrada no acesso 25919 (1,725 kg por planta) no 1º transplante com Triacontanol, enquanto o acesso PAK-10927 deu a menor produção (0,285 kg por planta) no tratamento de controle no 3º transplante. Genótipo, data de transplante e aplicação de TRIA, melhoramento do crescimento, rendimento e atributos de qualidade sob estresse térmico em berinjela.
Subject(s)
Solanum melongena/genetics , Solanum melongena/metabolism , Photosynthesis , Heat-Shock Response , Fatty Alcohols , Antioxidants/metabolism , Antioxidants/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Today, global focus of research is to explore the solution of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Like other agricultural countries, bulk quantities of watermelon peels (WMP) are disposed-off in environment as waste in Pakistan and appropriate management of this waste is the need of hour to save environment from pollution. The work emphasizes the role of ethanologenic yeasts to utilize significant sugars present in WMP for low-cost bioethanol fermentation. Dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of WMP was carried out on optimized conditions employing RSM (response surface methodology) following central composite design (CCD). This experimental design is based on optimization of ethanologenesis involving some key independent parameters such as WMP hydrolysate and synthetic media ratio (X1), incubation temperature (X2) and incubation temperature (X3) for maximal ethanol yield exploiting standard (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) as well as experimental (Metchnikowia cibodasensisY34) yeasts. The results revealed that maximal ethanol yields obtained from S. cerevisiae K7 was 0.36±0.02 g/g of reducing sugars whereas M. cibodasensisY34, yielded 0.40±0.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. The yeast isolate M. cibodasensisY34 appeared as promising ethanologen and embodies prospective potential for fermentative valorization of WMP-to-bioethanol.
Hoje, o foco global da pesquisa é explorar a solução da crise energética e da poluição ambiental. Como em outros países agrícolas, grandes quantidades de cascas de melancia (WMP) são descartadas como resíduos no meio ambiente no Paquistão, mas a gestão adequada desses resíduos é a mais recente solução para salvar o meio ambiente da poluição. O trabalho enfatiza o papel das leveduras etanologênicas para utilizar açúcares significativos presentes no WMP para fermentação de bioetanol de baixo custo. A hidrólise de ácido clorídrico diluído de WMP foi realizada em condições otimizadas empregando RSM (metodologia de superfície de resposta) e seguindo o projeto de composto central (CCD). Este projeto experimental é baseado na otimização da etanologenesis envolvendo alguns parâmetros independentes importantes, como hidrolisado de WMP e razão de meio sintético (X1), temperatura de incubação (X2) e temperatura de incubação (X3) para rendimento máximo de etanol explorando o padrão (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) também como leveduras experimentais (Metchnikowia cibodasensis Y34). Os resultados revelaram que os rendimentos máximos de etanol obtidos a partir de S. cerevisiae K7 foi de 0,36 ± 0,02 g / g de açúcares redutores, enquanto M. cibodasensis Y34 rendeu 0,40 ± 0,01 g de etanol / g de açúcares redutores. O isolado de levedura M. cibodasensis Y34 apareceu como um etanologeno promissor e incorpora um potencial prospectivo para a valorização fermentativa de WMP em bioetanol.
Subject(s)
Citrullus/chemistry , Fermentation , Bioreactors , GarbageABSTRACT
Abstract Today, global focus of research is to explore the solution of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Like other agricultural countries, bulk quantities of watermelon peels (WMP) are disposed-off in environment as waste in Pakistan and appropriate management of this waste is the need of hour to save environment from pollution. The work emphasizes the role of ethanologenic yeasts to utilize significant sugars present in WMP for low-cost bioethanol fermentation. Dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of WMP was carried out on optimized conditions employing RSM (response surface methodology) following central composite design (CCD). This experimental design is based on optimization of ethanologenesis involving some key independent parameters such as WMP hydrolysate and synthetic media ratio (X1), incubation temperature (X2) and incubation temperature (X3) for maximal ethanol yield exploiting standard (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) as well as experimental (Metchnikowia cibodasensisY34) yeasts. The results revealed that maximal ethanol yields obtained from S. cerevisiae K7 was 0.36±0.02 g/g of reducing sugars whereas M. cibodasensisY34, yielded 0.40±0.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. The yeast isolate M. cibodasensisY34 appeared as promising ethanologen and embodies prospective potential for fermentative valorization of WMP-to-bioethanol.
Resumo Hoje, o foco global da pesquisa é explorar a solução da crise energética e da poluição ambiental. Como em outros países agrícolas, grandes quantidades de cascas de melancia (WMP) são descartadas como resíduos no meio ambiente no Paquistão, mas a gestão adequada desses resíduos é a mais recente solução para salvar o meio ambiente da poluição. O trabalho enfatiza o papel das leveduras etanologênicas para utilizar açúcares significativos presentes no WMP para fermentação de bioetanol de baixo custo. A hidrólise de ácido clorídrico diluído de WMP foi realizada em condições otimizadas empregando RSM (metodologia de superfície de resposta) e seguindo o projeto de composto central (CCD). Este projeto experimental é baseado na otimização da etanologenesis envolvendo alguns parâmetros independentes importantes, como hidrolisado de WMP e razão de meio sintético (X1), temperatura de incubação (X2) e temperatura de incubação (X3) para rendimento máximo de etanol explorando o padrão (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) também como leveduras experimentais (Metchnikowia cibodasensis Y34). Os resultados revelaram que os rendimentos máximos de etanol obtidos a partir de S. cerevisiae K7 foi de 0,36 ± 0,02 g / g de açúcares redutores, enquanto M. cibodasensis Y34 rendeu 0,40 ± 0,01 g de etanol / g de açúcares redutores. O isolado de levedura M. cibodasensis Y34 apareceu como um etanologeno promissor e incorpora um potencial prospectivo para a valorização fermentativa de WMP em bioetanol.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Today, global focus of research is to explore the solution of energy crisis and environmental pollution. Like other agricultural countries, bulk quantities of watermelon peels (WMP) are disposed-off in environment as waste in Pakistan and appropriate management of this waste is the need of hour to save environment from pollution. The work emphasizes the role of ethanologenic yeasts to utilize significant sugars present in WMP for low-cost bioethanol fermentation. Dilute hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of WMP was carried out on optimized conditions employing RSM (response surface methodology) following central composite design (CCD). This experimental design is based on optimization of ethanologenesis involving some key independent parameters such as WMP hydrolysate and synthetic media ratio (X1), incubation temperature (X2) and incubation temperature (X3) for maximal ethanol yield exploiting standard (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) as well as experimental (Metchnikowia cibodasensisY34) yeasts. The results revealed that maximal ethanol yields obtained from S. cerevisiae K7 was 0.36±0.02 g/g of reducing sugars whereas M. cibodasensisY34, yielded 0.40±0.01 g ethanol/g of reducing sugars. The yeast isolate M. cibodasensisY34 appeared as promising ethanologen and embodies prospective potential for fermentative valorization of WMP-to-bioethanol.
Resumo Hoje, o foco global da pesquisa é explorar a solução da crise energética e da poluição ambiental. Como em outros países agrícolas, grandes quantidades de cascas de melancia (WMP) são descartadas como resíduos no meio ambiente no Paquistão, mas a gestão adequada desses resíduos é a mais recente solução para salvar o meio ambiente da poluição. O trabalho enfatiza o papel das leveduras etanologênicas para utilizar açúcares significativos presentes no WMP para fermentação de bioetanol de baixo custo. A hidrólise de ácido clorídrico diluído de WMP foi realizada em condições otimizadas empregando RSM (metodologia de superfície de resposta) e seguindo o projeto de composto central (CCD). Este projeto experimental é baseado na otimização da etanologenesis envolvendo alguns parâmetros independentes importantes, como hidrolisado de WMP e razão de meio sintético (X1), temperatura de incubação (X2) e temperatura de incubação (X3) para rendimento máximo de etanol explorando o padrão (Saccharomyces cerevisiae K7) também como leveduras experimentais (Metchnikowia cibodasensis Y34). Os resultados revelaram que os rendimentos máximos de etanol obtidos a partir de S. cerevisiae K7 foi de 0,36 ± 0,02 g / g de açúcares redutores, enquanto M. cibodasensis Y34 rendeu 0,40 ± 0,01 g de etanol / g de açúcares redutores. O isolado de levedura M. cibodasensis Y34 apareceu como um etanologeno promissor e incorpora um potencial prospectivo para a valorização fermentativa de WMP em bioetanol.
Subject(s)
Cucurbitaceae , Ethanol , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Water , Biotransformation , Prospective Studies , FermentationABSTRACT
Since 2003, the world's developing countries are home to more than 5 billion people thought to be at danger of prolonged consumption of contaminated foods that are aflatoxic according to a number of study efforts conducted in South Africa, Egypt, and other countries in west and east Africa. Additionally, the presence occurrence of aflatoxins and their byproducts in animal tissues used to make food (such as beef and sheep meat) may contaminate human diets. As a result of their increasing prevalence, aflatoxins have recently been identified as a significant public health concern. Aflatoxins are dangerous second-generation byproducts of Aspergillus species. Due to their chemical makeup, the majority of aflatoxins are highly liposoluble substances that can be absorption from the exposed site, such as the gastro-intestinal and respiratory tracts, into the bloodstream, where they can then spread throughout the body and reach various organs, including the liver and kidneys. The primary goals of the study were to monitor and screen for levels of aflatoxin B1 in the Karbala Province using a case-control study. The connection between Aflatoxin B1 concentrations and the common biochemical indicators of liver function as well investigated. How alter liver function by Aflatoxin B1. The study also emphasised the necessity to determine the pathophysiology of AFB1's involvement in the rising number of patients with liver dysfunction. AFB1 levels were quantitated using utilising thin layer chromatography, together with High Pressure liquid chromatography being employed for the quantitative identification (HPLC). In the province of Karbala, an analysis of case-control studies was done to look at the Aflatoxin B1 affects (AFB1) exposure on kidney disease patients. AFB1 levels were quantitated using utilising thin layer chromatography with high-performance liquid chromatography to provide quality results. The evaluations of the samples that tested positive for AFB1 as well as the lipid profile and indicators of liver function tests. The findings indicated that the population under investigation had afflatoxins exposure. AFB1 was found in 100% of individuals with unknown kidney disease (KD) and in 24%, 20%, and 100% of patients with known CKD, respectively. AFB1 concentrations in serum samples ranged from 0.68 to 8.33 ng/mL for patients with questionable KD, 1.21 to For patients, 5.60 ng/mL with known KD, likewise, healthy controls ranged from 0.11 to 1.30 ng/mL. The presence of AFB1 was positively and strongly linked with liver enzymes, specifically ALT and ALP. AFB1 levels among serum samples from KD sufferers and wholesome controls showed a prolonged contact with the poison, suggesting an unknown cause. The evaluation of the biochemical marker of liver functioning supported the effect of AFB1 exposure. This work may help build effective nationwide programmes for tracking AFs exposure. The study also emphasised the necessity to determine the pathophysiology of AFB1's involvement in the rising number of patients with liver dysfunction. Future research is urged to concentrate on more comprehensive topics that cover the entire nation (Iraq)
ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is one of the most common medical disorder during pregnancy and one of the important cause of maternal death in the third world countries. A sufficient supply of iron is also required for the proper development of the fetus and newborn baby. During pregnancy, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. Iron is essential for the development of the fetal brain and the newborn’s cognitive abilities. Pregnant women receive oral iron prophylaxis have better iron status and are less likely to develop IDA. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of prophylactic oral iron therapy in pregnant women in terms of rise of haemoglobin level.Material & Methods:The present study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynecology, US-Bangla Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2020 to June 2021 with a sample size of 100 pregnant women. All the participants were non-anemic at the time of inclusion, and a proper follow-up was done. All the women were supplied with 60 mg dose of elemental iron prophylactic. During follow up haemoglobin level was measured and serum ferritin levelwas measured when anemia was found. The collected data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-24) for windows version 10.0.Results:During the first follow-up, 89% were found non-anemic, 9% were mildly anemic and 2% were moderately anemic. S ferritin levels of the 11 anemic participants showed that 36.30% had <15 ng/mL ferritin levels, and 63.64% had 15-150 ng/mL ferritin levels. During the second follow-up, 86% were non-anemic, 1% was severely anemic, 4% were moderately anemic and 9% were mildly anemic. S. ferritin level test showed that among the 14 anemic women, 35.72% had <15 ng/mL, 57.14% had 15-150 ng/mL, and 7.14% had >150 ng/mL serum ferritin levels. During third follow up at 34-36 weeks, 81% were non-anemic, 1% were moderately anemic, 8% had mild anemia. S. ferritin levels of 9anamic women showed that 3 women (33.33%)had <15 ng/mL and 6 women (66.67 %) had between 15-150 ng/mL.Conclusions:Pregnancy produces relatively high iron demand. Iron requirements cannot be met merely through dietary iron intake. Even prophylacyic 60 mg elemental iron giving may not be sufficient to prevent maternal anemia. Regular follow up and monitoring is essential during whole pregnancy for better management of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Current study assessed the impact of Lantana camara invasion on native plant diversity in Pothohar region of Pakistan. The approach used for study was random samplings and comparisons of diversity indices [number of species (S), abundance (N), species richness (R), evenness (Jꞌ), Shannon diversity index (Hꞌ) and Simpson index of dominance (λ)] with two categorical factors i.e., invaded and non-invaded (control). Control plots harboured by an average of 1.74 more species/10m2. The control category was diverse (Hꞌ=2.56) than invaded category (Hꞌ=1.56). The higher value of species richness in control plots shows heterogeneous nature of communities and vice versa in invaded plots. At multivariate scale, ordination (nMDS) and ANOSIM showed significant magnitude of differences between invaded and control plots at all sites. The decrease in studied diversity indices in invaded over control sites indicated that plant communities become less productive due to Lantana invasion.
Resumo O presente estudo avaliou o impacto da invasão de Lantana camara na diversidade de plantas nativas na região de Pothohar, no Paquistão. A abordagem utilizada para o estudo foram a amostragem aleatória e a comparação de índices de diversidade, como número de espécies (S), abundância (N), riqueza de espécies (R), equitabilidade (Jꞌ), índice de diversidade de Shannon (Hꞌ) e índice de dominância de Simpson (λ), com dois fatores categóricos, ou seja, invadidos e não invadidos (controle). As parcelas não invadidas tinham, em média, 1,74 espécie a mais / 10 m2 que parcelas invadidas. A categoria controle foi mais diversa (Hꞌ = 2,56) do que a categoria invadida (Hꞌ = 1,56). O maior valor da riqueza de espécies em parcelas de controle mostra a natureza heterogênea das comunidades, e vice-versa, em parcelas invadidas. Na escala multivariada, ordenação (nMDS) e ANOSIM mostraram magnitude significativa das diferenças entre as parcelas invadidas e controle em todos os locais. A diminuição nos índices de diversidade estudados em locais invadidos por controle indicou que as comunidades de plantas se tornam menos produtivas por causa da invasão de Lantana.
Subject(s)
Lantana , Pakistan , PlantsABSTRACT
Background: In the 1970’s the introduction of Fine Need Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) proved to be the key method for examining the nature and malignant potential of many palpable lesions like thyroid, salivary glands and lymphadenopathies. Breast pathologies is one of the entity that can also be diagnosed with FNAC. Breast cancer is the most common malignancy of women with overall 100,000 cases being reported annually around the globe. The most frequent lesion encountered using FNAC in breast is fibro-adenoma followed by fibrocystic disease, breast abscess, chronic inflammatory conditions and suspicious malignant masses. In current cross sectional study we tried to find frequency of different breast lesions by FNAC.Methodology and Results: 649 samples were recruited from the Vital Laboratory Larkana with different pathological lesions of breast during the year 2014 and 2015 by non-probability consecutive sampling. 613 (95%) were females and 32 (5%) were male withmean age of 30.812.8 years. Majority of case were of 20-39 years of age (55.8%). Most of the cases were diagnosed with benign lesions (329, 51%) followed by inflammatory lesions (132, 20.5%) and gynecomastia (15, 2.3%). Right breast was moreaffected (329, 51%). In present study we found a strong association of diagnosis with gender (p =0.000) and age (p =0.000).Conclusion: So in this study it isconcluded that large number of females with breast pathologies present with benign lesions like fibro-adenomaat the age of 20-39 years. It isalso concluded that in this age group mastitis and abscesses are common due to different risk factors
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: Early antibiotic switch and early discharge protocols have not been widely studied in Latin America. Our objective was to describe real-world treatment patterns, resource use, and estimate opportunities for early switch from intravenous to oral antibiotics and early discharge for patients hospitalized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus complicated skin and soft-tissue infections. Materials/methods: This retrospective medical chart review recruited 72 physicians from Brazil to collect data from patients hospitalized with documented methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus complicated skin and soft tissue infections between May 2013 and May 2015, and discharged alive by June 2015. Data collected included clinical characteristics and outcomes, hospital length of stay, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-targeted intravenous and oral antibiotic use, and early switch and early discharge eligibility using literature-based and expert-validated criteria. Results: A total of 199 patient charts were reviewed, of which 196 (98.5%) were prescribed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -active therapy. Only four patients were switched from intravenous to oral antibiotics while hospitalized. The mean length of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-active treatment was 14.7 (standard deviation, 10.1) days, with 14.6 (standard deviation, 10.1) total days of intravenous therapy. The mean length of hospital stay was 22.2 (standard deviation, 23.0) days. The most frequent initial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-active therapies were intravenous vancomycin (58.2%), intravenous clindamycin (19.9%), and intravenous daptomycin (6.6%). Thirty-one patients (15.6%) were discharged with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus -active antibiotics of which 80.6% received oral antibiotics. Sixty-two patients (31.2%) met early switch criteria and potentially could have discontinued intravenous therapy 6.8 (standard deviation, 7.8) days sooner, and 65 patients (32.7%) met early discharge criteria and potentially could have been discharged 5.3 (standard deviation, 7.0) days sooner. Conclusions: Only 2% of patients were switched from intravenous to oral antibiotics in our study while almost one-third were early switch eligible. Additionally, one-third of hospitalized patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus complicated skin and soft tissue infections were early discharge eligible indicating opportunity for reducing intravenous therapy and days of hospital stay. These results provide insight into possible benefits of implementation of early switch/early discharge protocols in Brazil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Patient Discharge/statistics & numerical data , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Drug Substitution/statistics & numerical data , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Staphylococcal Skin Infections/drug therapy , Brazil , Administration, Oral , Retrospective Studies , Administration, Intravenous , Length of StayABSTRACT
ABSTRACT For computerized analysis of respiratory sounds to be effective, the acquired signal must be free from all the interfering elements. Different forms of noise which can degrade the quality of lung sounds are recording artifacts, power line/Radio Frequency (RF) interferences, ambient acoustic interferences, heart sound interference etc. Such interferences adversely affect the diagnostic interpretations. Powerful denoising techniques are necessary to resolve this issue. A denoising scheme for lung sounds, based on Savitzky-Golay (S-G) filter is proposed in this paper. The order and frame length of the SG filter is determined objectively using the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and computational time as objective function. Maximum SNR is observed when the frame length is nearest to the value just higher than the polynomial order. This observation holds good for different levels of simulated addictive Gaussian noise. The polynomial order of 8 and frame size of 9 are found to be promising with SNR of 10.401db at computation time of 2.1ms.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To share our initial experience of patient undergoing anastomotic Urethroplasty and trial without catheter, without post Urethroplasty pericatheter urethrogram
Methods: Prospectively maintained records of all patients undergoing standard transecting anastomotic Urethroplasty by single surgeon [one of the authors] at The Kidney Centre PGTI Karachi, Pakistan and Lifecare Hospital Abu Dhabi UAE from September 2006 to December 2017 were reviewed. In all except two cases, supra pubic catheter was removed at second weeks and per urethral catheter by 4 to 5 weeks following which patients were assessed for TWOC without pericatheter urethrogram. Patients were further advised to follow up with Uroflowmetry [UFM] at one week, one month, three and 12 months. In our series, Qmax less than 15 ml/s on UFM were considered to have recurrence and these patients were subjected to ascending urethrogram after six weeks of procedure
Results: There were 18 patients who underwent anastomotic Urethroplasty in bulbar urethra. The mean age of study patients was 37.2+11.2 years with p-value of 0.84. The recurrence rate of urethral stricture was 16.6 percent [3/18 patient] with Qmax of 4.6 and 7.2ml/sec with mean follow-up period of 13.82+13.4 months [range 3-53 months] 02 patients developed infection. No patient developed incontinence or impotence
Conclusion: We found pericatheter urethrogram is not mandatory as a routine for all tension free anastomotic Urethroplasty before per urethral catheter removal. However, it may have a role in difficult cases with tension anastomoses or re-do procedure. This will avoid risk of infection, radiation exposure and extra cost
ABSTRACT
Hand hygiene is nowadays considered as one of the most important measures to prevent transmission and acquisition of HCAIs (health care associated infections). Monitoring hand hygiene compliance and providing healthcare workers with feedback regarding their performance are considered integral parts of a successful hand hygiene promotion programme. A total of 50 ICU staffs(resident doctors, faculty & nurses e.t.c.) were included in this interventional study. Baseline data of hand hygiene practices of all staffs and pre-intervention hand culture were obtained. Post intervention hand culture were taken after 30 days of training and interactive sessions as well as continous availability of ABHR in the ICU. Results of post-intervention hand culture showed a marked decrease in isolation of bacteria specially those of MRSAand ESBL. MRSAwas low by 35% and in non of the cases ESBL was reported. In all the ICUs frequency of hand hygiene was poor(average 31%) but improved significantly after intervention (70%).Introduction of ABHR was found to be an effective tool for improving hand hygiene. As a result of periodic training, monitoring, surveillance hand cultures and awareness generating campaign, transmission of resistant bacteria can be reduced, thus reducing the burden of nosocomial infection in a hospital set-up.
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Abstract Current study assessed the impact of Lantana camara invasion on native plant diversity in Pothohar region of Pakistan. The approach used for study was random samplings and comparisons of diversity indices [number of species (S), abundance (N), species richness (R), evenness (J), Shannon diversity index (H) and Simpson index of dominance ()] with two categorical factors i.e., invaded and non-invaded (control). Control plots harboured by an average of 1.74 more species/10m2. The control category was diverse (H=2.56) than invaded category (H=1.56). The higher value of species richness in control plots shows heterogeneous nature of communities and vice versa in invaded plots. At multivariate scale, ordination (nMDS) and ANOSIM showed significant magnitude of differences between invaded and control plots at all sites. The decrease in studied diversity indices in invaded over control sites indicated that plant communities become less productive due to Lantana invasion.
Resumo O presente estudo avaliou o impacto da invasão de Lantana camara na diversidade de plantas nativas na região de Pothohar, no Paquistão. A abordagem utilizada para o estudo foram a amostragem aleatória e a comparação de índices de diversidade, como número de espécies (S), abundância (N), riqueza de espécies (R), equitabilidade (J), índice de diversidade de Shannon (H) e índice de dominância de Simpson (), com dois fatores categóricos, ou seja, invadidos e não invadidos (controle). As parcelas não invadidas tinham, em média, 1,74 espécie a mais / 10 m2 que parcelas invadidas. A categoria controle foi mais diversa (H = 2,56) do que a categoria invadida (H = 1,56). O maior valor da riqueza de espécies em parcelas de controle mostra a natureza heterogênea das comunidades, e vice-versa, em parcelas invadidas. Na escala multivariada, ordenação (nMDS) e ANOSIM mostraram magnitude significativa das diferenças entre as parcelas invadidas e controle em todos os locais. A diminuição nos índices de diversidade estudados em locais invadidos por controle indicou que as comunidades de plantas se tornam menos produtivas por causa da invasão de Lantana.
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To determine the current sensitivity and resistance profile of Salmonellae [S.] isolates in a laboratory setting. An observational study. Dr. Essa's Laboratory and Diagnostic Centre, Karachi, Pakistan, from November 2008 - October 2010. Isolates from blood culture specimens of 481 bacteraemic patients were identified using conventional biochemical tests. Salmonellae was confirmed with specific antisera and their antibiograms determined by Kirby-Bauer Disc Diffusion method using 12 relevant antibiotics. Inclusions of the study were bacteraemia documented in all blood samples positive for S. typhi, S. paratyphi-A and B. Exclusions were all samples other than blood and blood samples negative for S. typhi and S. paratyphi-A and B during the same period. Multidrug resistance [MDR] of isolates was defined as the isolates showing resistance to all conventional anti-typhoid medicines i.e., Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin and Co-trimoxazole. Specimens [n=217] yielded 131 Salmonellae typhi [60.36%], 71 S. paratyphi-A [32.71%], and 15 S. paratyphi-B [6.9%]; these were sensitive to the Quinolones [Enoxacin: 94.96% [n=91], Ciprofloxacin, 96.47% [n=182], Ofloxacin: 95.74% [n=203]], and Cephalosporins [Cefixime: 96.62% [n=202], Cefotaxime: 99.17% [n=206], Ceftriaxone: 98.79% [n=208]]. Resistance to Amoxicillin was 96.48% [n=128] and 29.91% [n=78] to Co-trimoxazole. About 62.64% [n=136] of the isolates were MDR strains. Ciprofloxacin is currently a suitable empirical choice in presumed enteric fever cases, but culture and sensitivity analysis should be encouraged and results incorporated in prescription strategy. Increasing frequency of S. paratyphi-A isolates possibly suggests incomplete coverage employing monovalent vaccine
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To evaluate complement activation [C3] levels in all forms of acute coronary syndrome [AC S] and to find whether there is any significant changes in C3 concentration at the 1[st] and 4[th] day after admission and its relation to clinical outcome. Comparing the degree of complement activation [C3 level] between ACS and stable pectoris. To know whether there is any significant difference between the level C3 at first and fourth day. Any correlation between CRP and C3 in patients with ACS. 129 subjects [94 male and 35 female] age range [41-72 years, mean age 57 + 10.6] were admitted in this study over the period of Feb 2009-Jan 2010 categorized into three groups; 76 patients with acute coronary syndrome [group A], 25 patients with stable angina [group B] and 28 healthy control [group C]. Full clinical, biochemical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic studies liveredone. All patients were followed to the fourth day of admission, Blood samples from peripheral veins were collected centrifuged and Serum C3 levels were measured using immunokit based on single immunodiffision. The sample of patients was [129] subjects [94 male 72.9%] and [35 female 27.1%]. TropoIlin [I] was positive in 35.7% and negative in 64.3% of the study sample [p. value 0.0005]. C-reactive protein [CRP] was significantly correlated with different groups [p. value 0.0004].the same with diabetes mellitus [p. value 0.0003] but not in hypertensive and smokers [p. value 0.486 and 0. 368 respectively].C3 levels was significant in correlation to clinical status in both STEMI and NSYEMI 1[st] and 4[th] day. Correlation between C3 and C-reactive protein level was insignificant with different groups. C3 levels was significantly elevated in correlation between ACS compared to patient with stable angina and healthy control subjects. Also C3 level was significant at the fourth day of admission in patients with NSTEMI in correlation to its level at the first day. However no significance associations between C3 levels and CRP in different studied groups
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To investigate the prevalence of haptoglobin [Hp] gene alleles in Kuwaiti sickle cell disease [SCD] patients, who generally have a mild phenotype, and compare the pattern to Nigerian SCD patients whose SCD phenotype is more severe. Hp genotyping was carried out in a group of 82 and 54 SCD patients from Kuwait and Nigeria, respectively, and appropriate Hb AA controls. The Hp genotyping was done using a PCR technique followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The frequency of the Hp-2 allele was 73.8% among Kuwaiti SCD patients, while the Hp-1 allele predominated among Nigerian patients [60.7%]. However, the differences were not significant [p > 0.05] when the allele distributions were compared between Kuwaiti SCD and their AA counterparts or between Nigerian SCD and their AA controls. There was no association of Hp-2 allele with frequent vaso-occlusive crisis among the Kuwaiti SCD patients. The distribution of Hp alleles appears to follow ethnic and geographical trends. Their role in the pathophysiology of pain crisis is not clear
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To determine the dentofacial cephalometric values for Emirati adults, and to compare them with those of Caucasians. Standardized Lateral cephalometric radiographs for 30 Emirati women and 32 Emirati men with normal occlusion were traced. Skeletal comparisons between Emirati adults and Caucasians showed that Emiratis tend to have decreased SNB angle, increased ANB angle, and increased anterior and posterior facial heights, while dental comparisons showed that Emiratis have bimaxillary dental protrusion and decreased inter-incisal angle. When comparing men with women, both anterior facial height [N-Me] [P<.001] and Posterior facial height [S-Go] [P<0.001] were significantly increased in Emirati men compared with Emirati women. Relative to Caucasian cephalometric norms, Emirati adults tend to have increased ANB angle because of retrognathic mandibles. Emirati adults showed longer anterior and posterior facial heights, decreased inter-incisal angle and bimaxillary dental protrusion as compared with Caucasians. Emirati men have longer anterior and posterior facial height in relation to Emirati women. It is recommended to use these cephalometric values into daily orthodontic practice when formulating a treatment plan for Emirati patients
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Humans , Male , Female , Dental Occlusion , Face/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
To determine the myths and misconceptions about [Tremors] among those who developed this disorder and their health seeking behavior, and also among those who never had tremors, at the psycho-neurology and medical OPD of Sindh Govt. Hospital, Liaqatabad no. 10, Karachi. A single centre based cross-sectional survey, conducted from year 2002 to 2009 at Sindh Govt. Hospital [SGH] Liaqatabad no.10, Karachi. 403 adult patients of either sex with tremors were selected from medical and psycho-neurology OPD's. For comparison 100 healthy individuals from general population, who never had tremors, of the same area were also included. Questionnaires regarding different myths and misconceptions about tremors were filled by the patients/normal healthy people after obtaining the consent. Out of 403 selected patients [61.53% males and 38.47% females] majority belonged to the urban areas. Out of hundred normal healthy people 73 [73%] were males and 27 [27%] were females. Only 8% of the patients considered tremor was a neurological illness, while 33% of the patients and 41% of the general population related it to magic or witchcraft. Overall, females were more inclined to choose alternative medicine and spiritual therapy than males. Myths and Misconceptions about tremors are present in our society because of strong belief and observations. Provision of primary education, health education and using electronic media can play a key role in abolishing these misconceptions
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Perception , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Ultrasound [U/S] is valuable modality for evaluating the hip in infants because it enables direct imaging of the cartilaginous portion of the hip that cannot be seen on plain radiographs. Furthermore, U/S examination enables dynamic study of the hip with stress maneuvering. U/S is the preferred imaging modality which used to study the hip disorders like developmental dysplasia of hip [DDH], because it is sensitive indicator of malposition, instability and lack of acetabular development. U/S accomplishes all of these without exposing the infant to ionizing radiation, not expensive, non-invasive and available. The aim of our study is to determine the effectiveness and sensitivity of ultrasound examination of neonates to confirm the early clinical diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of hip [DDH] especially in the high risk groups of neonates and young infants. We conducted a retrospective review of ultrasonographic imaging in 60 neonates and young infants [36 females and 24 males; age range, 1-9 months, median age, 4 months]. U/S examination of the hip joint were evaluated for, percent bony coverage [PBC], which indicates the percentage of the femoral head that covered by the bony acetabulum, normally, 50% or over of the femoral head should be covered by bony acetabulum. And evaluated for Graf angles, alpha angle which defines the bony acetabulum and normally it is more than 60 degree and beta angle which indicates the cartilaginous development and it is normally less than 55 degree. Also evaluate the femoral head flattening which usually associated with delayed ossification, shortening and anteverting of the femoral neck .DDH is more common in the female patients [F:M = 3:1] Instability and dislocation is usually unilateral, this is seen in 30 patients [50%], [unilateral :bilateral = 3:1]. Left hip is more commonly affected, this is seen in 24 patients [40%],[L:R = 4:1]. Children born by caesarian section are more likely to have associated instability or dislocation of the hip, 10 patients [25%]. First born baby are more affected, 4 patients [10%] and usually these children are more likely to have been breech presentation during their gestation, 14 patients [35%]. Family history of DDH is seen in 6 patients [15%]. The U/S is the preferred modality for evaluating the hip in infants who are younger than 6 months. U/S of infant's hip can be used in the diagnosis of DDH and also in monitoring of treatment or follow-up the improvement in the acetabular maturity and morphology, as well as the location of femoral head can be documented to assist in the guidance of therapy plan