Neuroprotective potential of cannabidiol: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications / 中西医结合学报

Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotropic phytocannabinoid that was once largely disregarded, is currently the subject of significant medicinal study. CBD is found in Cannabis sativa, and has a myriad of neuropharmacological impacts on the central nervous system, including the capacity to reduce neuroinflammation, protein misfolding and oxidative stress. On the other hand, it is well established that CBD generates its biological effects without exerting a large amount of intrinsic activity upon cannabinoid receptors. Because of this, CBD does not produce undesirable psychotropic effects that are typical of marijuana derivatives. Nonetheless, CBD displays the exceptional potential to become a supplementary medicine in various neurological diseases. Currently, many clinical trials are being conducted to investigate this possibility. This review focuses on the therapeutic effects of CBD in managing neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. Overall, this review aims to build a stronger understanding of CBD and provide guidance for future fundamental scientific and clinical investigations, opening a new therapeutic window for neuroprotection. Please cite this article as: Tambe SM, Mali S, Amin PD, Oliveira M. Neuroprotective potential of Cannabidiol: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(3): 236-244.

Validação do método iodométrico para determinação do ácido ascórbico e cálculo da estimativa da incerteza da medição

O termo vitamina, originária da expressão vital amin, foi utilizado para se referir as certas substâncias alimentares imprescindíveis à saúde. Albert von Szent-Gyorgyi (1928) descobriu e isolou o fator antiescorbútico em vários alimentos, denominando-o vitamina C ou ácido ascórbico (AA). Foi popularizado (1970) por Linus Pauling (Nobel), que recomendava megadoses para combater doenças comuns, degenerativas e na prevenção do câncer.

[Total cost of selected global surgeries and comparison with accepted fee in Amin hospital in Esfahan city]

Provide an accurate and timely health care service is the symptom of social justice. Preparing a healthy community is an important task that is distinct from the other organizations services due to the nature and urgency. Hence, good performance and optimal health system activity is important for creating a healthy society. In different countries, rapid increasing and rising health care costs has caused health economics experts search for finding new ways to limit health costs that they can allowing a fair distribution of resources and also they can provided services for applicants. This study has aimed to calculate selected global surgeries and comparison with accepted fee in Amin hospital in Esfahan city in 1385. This was a retrospective and descriptive study. Samples were selected during a month in hospital and data collection tool was checklist made by researcher. After calculating the total cost of selected global surgeries results were compared with accepted fee and differences were determined. Results show that in global payment method, assurance company will lose

Syntehsis of novel biphenyl bis-sulfonamide based surfactants of expected biological activity

This study explores the effect of structural changes of novel sulfonamide based-surfactants on surfactant behavior and antimicrobial activity. In order to better meet this as our primary goal, three different series, biphenyl-4,4'-disculfonamides [Series A,A[1-4]], amine acid salts of bis [2-aminophenyl] biphenyl-4,4'-disulfonamide [Series C,C[1-2]] were prepared. The structures of the desired compounds wee confirmed by using elemental analysis, Fourier translform infrared spectroscopy [FT-IR], proton nuclear magnetic resonance [[1]H NMR] and UV-Vis spectral analysis. In addition to these spectroscopic measurements, compounds C[1] and C[2] [Series C] were subsequently characterized extensively by atomic absorption methods. Also as our secondary goal, we have measured surface properties as follows: surface tension [gamma], critical micelle concentration [cmc], the surface excess concentration [T [max]] and the cross-sectional area per adsorbed surfactant head group [A[min]]. The investigation was continued to cover the antibacterial and antifungal screening for all synthesized compounds. In addition, some selected compounds were screened for cytotoxicity against human turnor cell lines - MCF7 [breast carcinoma]m HEPG2 [liver carcinoma] and HCT116 [colon carcinoma]

Synthesis, surface active properties of some amphoteric and anionic surfactants derived from long-chain mono alkyl malonate

A series of N.N-dimethyl-1-aminoethyl-2-amido-alkyl malonate and N, N-bis-carboxymethyl-1-aminoethyl-2-amido alkyl malonate surfactants based on fatly alcohol have been synthesized. The structure of these compounds was confirmed by elemental and spectroscopic analysis. The critical micelle concentration, efficiency, effectiveness, surface tension reduction at the air/water interface, CmC/C20 ratios. standard free energy of micellization, wetting and foam stability of the surfactants were determined. The results suggested that the minimum area/surfactants molecule [Amin] for the investigated compounds decreased with increasing the incorporated anionic group in the molecule of surfactant. It was shown that wetting and foaming characteristics of amphoteric surfactants were significantly better than those observed for anionic ones

Characterization of two isolates of prunus necrotic ringspot virus [PNRSV] from peach and apricot in Egypt

Two isolates of PNRSV were isolated from peach and apricot trees at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. The peach isolate of PNRSV [PNRSV-PF] was differentiated from the apricot isolate [PNRSV-AP] by ten differential host species. Both isolates were purified successfully with the electro-elution technique. Both isolates had A[max] and A[min] at 260 and 240 nm respectively. The A260/280 ratios were 1.55 and 1.60 for the AP and the PF isolates, respectively. Electron microscopy examination showed spherical virions with ca 27-29 nm in diameter. Both isolates had molecular weight of coat protein subunits of 29 kDa, determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS-PAGE]. Antisera raised against the two isolates detected their counter antigens in peach and apricot trees. Both antisera cross reacted with their homologous and heterologous antigens in dot blot immunoassay [DBIA] and agar-double diffusion [ADD] tests. The two virus isolates appeared to belong to the same sero-group and represent two different pathotypes. PNRSV-AP varied in sero-grouping of that of beet necrotic ringspot ilarvirus, a tentative isolate of PNRSV, when examined in ADD test. Indirect ELISA showed that 64.2% of 210 tested apricot trees were infected, while 150-inspected peach trees showed 29.5% infection. Four sets of primers were used to amplify both movement protein [MP] and coat protein [CP] genes of the two Egyptian isolates of PNRSV isolated from apricot and peach trees. Amplicons of the correct size [ 894 bp] for the MP gene and [ 704 bp] for the CP gene were obtained from the two examined isolates of PNRSV. Nested PCR using specific primers for both the MP and the CP genes confirmed the authenticity of the PCR amplified products. RT-PCR detected successfully the presence of PNRSV in the pollen grains of infected apricot and peach trees. Nucleotide sequences of the MP genes of the two isolates were revised by the GenBank and given the accession # EU100388 for the peach isolate and EU106649 for apricot isolate. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA 3-MP showed ca 65% similarity between PNRSV-AP and PNRSV-PF; indicating that the two isolates of PNRSV are distantly related. The relatedness between the two isolates and other PNRSV isolates is discussed

Acute respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis potential effect on development of childhood atopic diseases

This study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of Respiratory Syncytial Virus [RSV]-associated respiratory tract infection on the development of childhood atopic diseases. The study comprised 90 children [59 males and 31 females; with mean age of 21 +/- 6.9] hospitalized with acute upper respiratory tract infection [URI] with or without acute bronchiolitis [AB] in Children Hospital, and Al Amin Hospitals, Al Taief, KSA over a period of 6 months. Symptoms included, cough sneezing coryza, running nose and eyes, fever, difficulty in breathing, headache and malaise. Symptoms severity was assessed as absent [0], mild [1], moderate [2], or severe [3]. Patients' atopic status was assessed by skin prick testing. Nasopharyngeal lavage [NPL] was performed and the obtained NPL fluid was used for determination of RSV-specific IgA antibody activity. Blood samples were obtained for ELISA estimation of serum levels of interferon-gamma [INF- gamma], interleukins [IL] 4, 10 and 12. Clinical evaluation defined 28 infants [31.1%] with acute bronchiolitis [AB group] and 62 infants [68.9%] with URI. Patients developed AB were significantly [p<0.05] younger than those with URI but with no gender predilection Skin prick testing detected 17 atopic infants [18.9%]; 10 infants in AB group [35.7%] and 7 in URI group [11.3%] with a significant difference in favor of AB group, [x[2]=7.353, P<0.01]. The mean total symptom score was 11.7 +/- 4.2 and patients developed BA had a significantly [p<0.05] higher symptom score than those with URI. NPL proved a reliable and reproducible means of collecting nasal secretions during an acute URI with no significant associated complications. The NPL fluid of all patients with AB was positive for RSV antibodies, while detected in 43 specimens obtained from infants with URI; 5 atopic [71.4%] and 38 non-atopic [69.1%] with a total detection rate of RSV antibodies of 71 of 90 specimens [71.9%]. Serum levels of IL-4 and IL-10 showed a significant [p<0.05] increase and levels of INF- gamma and IL-12 were significantly decreased in AB group compared to URI group with a significant [p<0.05] decrease of serum INF- gamma in atopic compared to non-atopic patients in AB group only. The IL-4/IFN- gamma and IL-10/IL-12 ratios in AB group were significantly higher as a total and in both atopic and non-atopic patients compared to its counterpart in patients with URI with a positive significant correlation between IL-4/IFN- gamma [r=0.437, p=0.02] and IL-10/IL-12 [r=0.440, p=0.019] ratios in patients with AB and their severity symptoms. Using receiver operating characteristic [ROC] curve defined IL-4/IFN- gamma as a specific and IL-10/IL-12 as a sensitive predictors of severity of AB with AUC=0.827 and 0.442, respectively and serum IFN- gamma level as the most sensitive predictor and IL-4/IFN- gamma ratio as the most specific predictor of the development of atopy secondary to URI irrespective of the development of AB or not with AUO=0.267 and 0.725, respectively. It could be concluded that RSV-induced acute bronchiolitis is associated with local respiratory immune imbalance towards T2/T1, a picture suggestive of liability to develop allergic respiratory diseases later on and the ratio between serum levels of IL-4 and INF- gamma could be used as a specific predictor of the probability of future development of allergic respiratory diseases

Evaluation of privatization efficacy in Isfahan University of medical sciences

Great expansion of public organization and shortages in management has evolved major economical problems in health sector. Privatization has been considered as a way necessary for solving those problems. Main objective of this study was to evaluate privatization efficacy in hospitals of Isfahan university of medical sciences. This is a cross sectional descriptive study based on a program performed in Isfahan university of medical sciences in 5 year period. Statistical sample consisted of Alzhar, Amin, Beheshti, Chamran, Noor. Ali asghar, Seyed alshohada, Isabn-e-maryam, Farabi, Feyz, Kashani, Imam moosa kazem and Modares hospitals. Main purpose of their selection was to evaluate the degree of privatization and its efficacy. Related dates were determined and collected by filling check lists in accounting unit o those hospitals. These dates were based on number of companies, the type of their activities like; services, equipments maintenance, transportation and food providing and distributing, and nursing. Information's about hospital stations like bed occupancy rate or new services provided, were collected from their information and statistical units and were analyzed. In this study it was shown that during that 5 year there were increases in different parts. Costs, occupancy rate of hospital stations, and number of new services provided have all shown increase. Based on results of this study and the importance of medical services and its high costs, privatization is recommended in medical settings. The privatization seems an effective way in controlling economical problems in health sector

[Identification and diagnosis of salmonalla serotypes in cow's faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]]

To detect Salmonella serotypes of the cow's faecal samples by means of ompC gene. Experimental study. Two hundred feacal samples [50 samples from Khorasan province, 20 samples from Zanjan province, 30 samples from Amin Abad Institute, 30 samples from Mard abad Veterinary Clinic and 70 samples from farms around Tehran province] and 25 samples from Shahr-e-kord. The samples were tested by PCR in parallel with conventional culture and serogrouping methods. PCR was carried out after enrichment of faecal samples in selenite- F broth, DNA was extracted by rapid boiling method. PCR was done and products electrophoresed on a 1.5% agarose gel and visualized by UV transilluminator after staining with ethidium bromide. Visible band at expected size [159 bp] was defined as a positive response. Descriptive study. Results showed that in all of 25 isolates and 14[7%] out of 200 faecal samples, target gene [ompC gene with 159 bp size] was observed. Among them only one sample [0.5%] was both PCR and culture positive. According to the results of this study PCR assay with enrichment broth processing method is useful for rapid identification of Salmonella serotypes for in faecal samples

Synthesis, surface and thermodyanamic properties of some biologically active hexammonium bromide surfactants

A series of novel cationic surface active agent was synthesized based on hexamine and alkyl bromide derivatives as long chain quaternizing agent. The produced quaternary ammonium bromide surfactants were confirmed structurally via elemental analyses, FTIR spectroscopy and MS spectroscopy. Surface properties of the synthesized ammonium compounds were determined which include surface tension [gamma], critical micelle concentration [CMC], effectiveness [PI[CMC]], maximum surface excess [GAM[max]] and minimum surface area [A[min]] at 25 and 40°C. Thermodynamic parameters [deltaG, deltaS and deltaH] for both micellization and adsorption processes were determined. The obtained concerning surface and thermodynamic parameters were correlated to the chemical structure of the synthesized surfactants. The variations of these characteristics were found to be completely dependent on the alkyl chain length [hydrophobes]. The biological activities of target compounds were evaluated for their biological activity towards bacteria and fungi at different doses [1, 2.5 and 5mg/mI]. Good correlation was found between the surface properties and the biological activity of these surfactants

Essay on modern history of anesthesia in egypt as reflected in naguib [bey] mahfouz books

It was already known that Professor Naguib [Bey] Mahfouz [1882-1974] was the first staff anesthetist at Kasr El- Ainy Hospital [KEAH] in Cairo between the years 1904-1906. It is not well established why he changed his specialty. In a pursuit of this story, a very relevant account was discovered in his books published in 1935 on medical education and in 1966, a biography. Interesting revelations in his biography were revealed: First, he was not the first anesthetist at KEAH, and he was appointed to replace a retired anesthetist called Amin Naseem; second, chloroform was introduced to Egypt by Herbert Milton, the British surgeon at KEAH, toward the end of the last century; third, the reason why he changed his specialty was a fatal case of obstructed labor whom he has been giving anesthesia to- an incident that turned him toward obstetrics; fourth, he used chloroform, ehter and spinal analgesia with stovaine even when he was practicing as a surgeon; fifth, he revealed in his medical education book the names of pioneer doctors working in anesthesia in Egypt

Use of lactoferrin assay in the diagnosis of different vaginal pathogens

Local cell mediated immunity is more important than systemic immunity for protection against different vaginal pathogens. The predominant inflammatory cells in vaginal pool are almost exclusively polymorphonuclear neutrophils [PMN] which were varied according to the type of vaginal pathogens, lactoferrin is an iron binding glycoprotein found in the secondary granules of PMN. In order to determine the usefulness of such marker for neutrophilic activity in different vaginal infections, we examined the vaginal discharge using antilactoferrin antibodies [lactoferrin latex agglutination test: LFLA].Against different gold standard techniques. Our results demonstrated that Trichomonas vaginalis [T.V] revealed a high lactoferrin titer which was positively correlated with the number of PMN. In addition, cases with vaginal candidiasis [V.C] was characterized by mild inflammatory process as expressed by mild lactoferrin level which was also correlated with the PMN count. However, a paradoxic finding was observed in discharge recovered from cases with bacterial vaginosis [B.V] where lactoferrin titer was not correlated with PMN count. In addition, the findings of the present work indicated that LFLA was sensitive and specific when used alone and its sensitivity was increased after coupling with other simple methods as pH determination or amin test. In conclusion, our results described the feasibility of using LFLA as a simple, extremely sensitive, reliable method in distinguishing different types of vaginal pathogens, so it could be used as a promising method for a widespread community screening to diagnose population of females at risk