Analysis of traffic injury and associated risk behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai City / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate incidence of traffic injury and its associated factors among secondary school students in Shanghai, so as to provide scientific basis for intervention.@*Methods@#Using the method of multi stage stratified random cluster sampling, an on-the-spot anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 19 629 adolescents from 16 districts in Shanghai from May to June 2021. The multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze possible associated factors.@*Results@#The rate of road traffic injuries among secondary school students in Shanghai was 0.74%, the highest reporting rate among secondary vocational school students (1.35%), followed by junior high school students (0.72%), and the lowest reporting rate of road traffic injuries among senior high school students (0.55%), with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=13.39, P <0.01). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the junior high school ( OR =0.56, 95% CI =0.35-0.89) or senior high school ( OR = 0.40 , 95% CI =0.24-0.68) and residential school ( OR =0.39, 95% CI =0.18-0.88) were protective factors of road traffic injuries( P <0.05). Male ( OR =1.65, 95% CI =1.14-2.37), unaware of seat belt ( OR =6.38, 95% CI =2.81-14.50), had a cycling chase/fight ( OR =2.33, 95% CI =1.39-3.90), music or phone calls on a bicycle ( OR =2.54, 95% CI =1.72-3.75) were positively correlated with road traffic injury( P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The road traffic injury among secondary school students in Shanghai is related to many factors, and traffic hazards are common among students in all school sections. Targeted measures should be taken to strengthen traffic safety knowledge education and intervention in healthy behaviors among adolescents, in order to reduce the incidence of road traffic injury.

Current situation of acupuncture and moxibustion patents in China and abroad / 中国针灸

The patents of acupuncture and moxibustion in China and abroad was analyzed, aiming to provide support for the innovative development of acupuncture industry. With the China Think Tank of Patent of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the PatSnap database as data sources, based on the mathematical statistics method, the application trend, legal status, patent types, transformation and distribution of major technical fields of acupuncture patents in China and abroad were analyzed. As a result, a total of 53,422 acupuncture patents were screened, involving 49 countries and 4 organizations. The patent types were mainly utility model patents. Although the application number of acupuncture patent had increased rapidly, the average patent conversion rate was generally low, approximately 4%. In the context of global economic integration, the acupuncture industry is developing at a high speed. It is suggested to take advantage of the "Belt and Road Initiative" to improve the international acceptance of acupuncture and moxibustion, adhere to the principle of attaching equal importance to the number and quality of patents, promote the in-depth cooperation of industry-university-research, and promote high-quality development of acupuncture and moxibustion.

Analysis and comparison of major plant databases in China and ASEAN countries / 国际中医中药杂志

At present, countries around the world are paying greater attention to the protection of medicinal plants and traditional medicinal knowledge resources, and are looking for various ways to protect medicinal plants. Many countries have established their own databases to save the medicinal plant information resources. This paper focuses on the introduction of medicinal plant databases in six countries including Malaysia, Philippines, and Singapore, and compares their basic information. It is difficult to achieve integration and sharing among these databases. It brings certain difficulties to the use of researchers in related fields. It is suggested that the construction of a multinational common medicinal plant database should be included in the "Belt and Road Initiative" to systematically organize massive information, enhance exchanges between countries on traditional medicinal plants, and achieve medicinal plant information sharing, and the establishment of a shared database will reduce optimization and maintenance to a certain extent or renewal work, laying the foundation for the protection, development and sustainable use of traditional medicinal plant resources.

Prediction of global potential growth areas for Panax ginseng based on GMPGIS system and MaxEnt model / 中国中药杂志

The suitable habitat for the endangered and valuable medicinal herb Panax ginseng is gradually decreasing. It is crucial to investigate its suitable growing areas in China for global protection and sustainable utilization of P. ginseng. In this study, 371 distribution points of P. ginseng were collected, and 21 environmental factors were used as ecological indicators. The geographic information system for global medicinal plants(GMPGIS) system, MaxEnt model, and Thiessen polygon method were used to analyze the potential suitable areas for P. ginseng globally. The results showed that the key environmental variables affecting P. ginseng were precipitation in the hottest quarter(Bio18) and the coefficient of temperature seasonality(Bio4). The suitable habitats for P. ginseng were mostly located in the "One Belt, One Road" countries such as China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea, and Russia. The highly suitable habitats were mainly distributed along mountain ranges in southeastern Shandong, southern Shanxi and Shaanxi, northern Jiangsu, and northwestern Henan of China. Data analysis indicated that the current P. ginseng planting sites were all in high suitability zones, and the Thiessen polygon results showed that the geographic locations of P. ginseng production companies were unbalanced and urgently needed optimization. This study provides data support for P. ginseng planting site selection, scientific introduction, production layout, and long-term development planning.

Issues and solutions of general practice education for international medical students in China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Under the background of internationalization of medical education in China, the general medical education for foreign students started relatively late. At present, there are still some problems in it, such as imperfect curriculum system, lack of unified and standardized textbooks, inadequate language skills of community teachers, difficulties in carrying out practical courses, and cultural differences. Based on the current situation of general practice education for international students in China, this article proposes the following solutions: to insist on standardizing quality management and construct scientific training schemes; to understand the present situation of primary medical and health services in their country of origin, promote cultural integration, and actively explore the fit between training and demand; to write bilingual textbooks suitable for practical needs; to overcome language barriers and build a team of community teachers that speak English; to adopt flexible and diversified teaching modes and comprehensively improve the quality of general practice teaching for international students, so as to promote the communication and dissemination of basic medical and health concepts in China.

Changes in the incidence of severe damage in the event of a passenger traffic accident after the mandatory safety belt for all seats

Objective@#In September 2018, the traffic law revision has enforced all passengers in cars to wear seatbelts. Our study aims to investigate the effects of this law revision on fellow passengers involved in car accidents by considering their seatbelt-wearing rate and severity score. @*Methods@#This study is a retrospective observational study. Data were collected from the Emergency Department-based Injury in-depth Surveillance (for the years 2017 and 2019), Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency. Candidates were patients who visited emergency rooms (ERs) of 23 hospitals from January to December in the years 2017 and 2019. Patients under the age of 15 years or without Excess Mortality Ratio-adjusted Injury Severity Score (EMR-ISS) data or having accidents on highways were excluded. @*Results@#The total number of patients who visited ERs during the study periods was 91,506 and 14,806 in 2017 and 2019, respectively, and were included in our study. There were more fellow female passengers than male passengers during both the study periods: 5,559 in 2017 (67.9%) and 4,341 in 2019 (66.8%). Compared to 52.2% in 2017, the rate of wearing seatbelts increased to 54.5% in 2019. However, after adjusting for age, sex, use of ambulance, injury time, alcohol use, type of road, and counterpart, multivariate logistic regression revealed that compared to the 2017 group, the odds ratio of severe injuries in the 2019 group was 1.10 (95% confidence interval, 0.98-1.24). @*Conclusion@#Increased rate of wearing seatbelts after imposing the traffic law revision was not satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to tighten regulations on fellow passengers without seat belts and improve awareness through public relations.

The Reluctance of Taxi Drivers to Use Seat Belts. Observed and Self-Reported Behavior in Argentina / La reticencia al uso del cinturón de seguridad de los conductores de taxi. Conductas observadas y auto-informadas en Argentina / Relutância em usar cinto de segurança em taxistas. Comportamentos observados e autorrelatados na Argentina

Although taxi drivers are more exposed to traffic crashes, they usually exhibit riskier behaviors and more negative attitudes toward road safety. For example, previous research suggests that they are particularly reluctant to wear seat belts. The research aimed (a) to estimate the prevalence of seat belt use among taxi drivers com-pared to other professional and non-professional drivers (Study 1, n = 3.810) and (b) to explore attitudes toward seat belt use in taxi drivers using the Theory of Planned Behavior (tpb) (Study 2, n = 100). Study 1 showed lower seat belt use among taxi drivers (vs. other professional and non-professional drivers). Study 2 showed that self-reported use tends to be higher than the estimated observed use and that negative experiential attitudes appear to be essential for understanding the reluctance of taxi drivers to use seat belts. Practical implications and future lines of research are discussed.

Aunque los taxistas están más expuestos a los siniestros viales, suelen mostrar comportamientos más arriesgados y actitudes más negativas hacia la seguridad vial. Por ejemplo, investigaciones previas sugieren que son especialmente reacios a usar el cinturón de seguridad. En tal sentido, los objetivos de la presente investigación fueron (a) estimar la prevalencia del uso del cinturón de seguridad entre los taxistas en comparación con otros conductores profesionales y no profesionales (Estudio 1, n = 3.810) y (b) explorar las actitudes hacia el uso del cinturón de seguridad en los taxistas utilizando la Teoría del Comportamiento Planificado (tpb) (Estudio 2, n = 100). El estudio 1 mostró un menor uso del cinturón de seguridad entre los taxistas (frente a otros conductores profesionales y no profesionales). El estudio 2 demostró que el uso auto informado tiende a ser mayor que el uso observado estimado, y que las actitudes negativas por la experiencia parecen ser esenciales para entender la reticencia de los taxistas a utilizar el cinturón de seguridad. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas y las futuras líneas de investigación.

Embora os taxistas estejam mais expostos a acidentes rodoviários, tendem a exibir comportamentos mais arriscados e atitudes mais negativas em relação à segu-rança rodoviária. Por exemplo, investigações anteriores sugerem que estão particularmente relutantes em usar o cinto de segurança. Os objectivos do presente estu-do foram: (a) estimar a prevalência do uso do cinto de segurança entre taxistas em comparação com outros taxistas profissionais e não profissionais (Estudo 1, n = 3.810), e (b) explorar atitudes em relação ao uso do cinto de segurança entre taxistas utilizando a Teoria do Comportamento Planeado (tpb) (Estudo 2, n = 100). O estudo 1 mostrou um menor uso do cinto de segurança entre os taxistas (em comparação com outros motoristas profissionais e não profissionais). O estudo 2 mostrou que o uso auto-relatado tende a ser superior ao uso observado estimado, e que as atitudesexperimentais negativas parecem ser centrais para compreender a relutância dos taxistas em usar cintos de segurança. São discutidas implicações práticas e linhas futuras de investigação.

Contribution to global implementation of WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis by learning successful experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously hinders socioeconomic developments and threatens public health security. To achieve the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis on February, 2022, with aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for schistosomiasis morbidity control, elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, and ultimate interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in disease-endemic countries. Following concerted efforts for decades, great achievements have been obtained for schistosomiasis control in China where the disease was historically highly prevalent, and the country is moving towards schistosomiasis elimination. This article reviews the successful experiences from the national schistosmiasis control program in China, and summarizes their contributions to the formulation and implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis. With the progress of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the world is looking forward to more China's solutions on schistosomiasis control.

Overview and prospect of research and development cooperation in traditional medicine between China and Thailand / 中国中药杂志

Under the background of the Belt and Road Initiative, the exchange of traditional medicine has become inevitable. China and Thailand are amicable neighbors, and the cooperation between the two countries in the field of traditional medicine has become increasingly close in recent years. Nevertheless, on account of the differences in culture, region, politics, economy and so on, the two countries have common features and unique characteristics in the theoretical system of traditional medicine, quality standard control of medicinal materials, research and development and use of medicinal materials. This paper summarizes the similarities and differences as well as the development opportunities of traditional medicine between China and Thailand. The specific content involves the development history, resources, and use of medicinal resources in Thailand, the main achievements and existing problems of modern research of Thai medicine, the spread and development of Chinese medicine in Thailand, and the spread and development of Thai medicine in China. Furthermore, the paper outlines the recent situation of traditional medicine interflow and cooperation between the two countries, and predicts the prospects for cooperation and development of traditional medicine between China and Thailand in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative, especially in the joint research and development and the improvement of quality standards of important medicinal plant varieties commonly used by the two countries and circulated across the border. Through the exchange and mutual learning, we can step up the traditional medicine cooperation between China and Thailand, which will provide advantageous conditions for the safety of medicine use as well as political and social stability between the two countries.

Future development of Good Agricultural Practice in China under globalization of traditional herbal medicine trade / 中草药·英文版

Traditional herbal medicine (THM) is an important part of the traditional Chinese medicine culture. Due to its high medicinal potential, it should not only serve for the Chinese people's medical use, but also contribute to the world medicine, THM for the international market must be standardized and large-scale, and produced according to the “Good Agriculture Practice” (GAP). The quality of THM directly affects the patient's treatment status and safety of use. Therefore, the quality assurance of THM runs through the entire process of research and development, production and clinical practice. The standardized production and cultivation of THM is the starting point of the THM industry chain and plays a decisive role in the economic development of the THM industry. This article summarizes the development history, limitations and future development of GAP, and clarifies the opportunities for THM in the rapid development of the international and domestic Chinese medicine industry. In addition, analyzing the deficiencies that were existing in the former GAP implementation process and by suggesting science-based quality measures, it is hoped to stipulate improved GAP guidelines in the future and to lay the foundation for a modern THM international trade.

Overseas warehouses for prepositioning medicine materials / 药学实践杂志

In order to meet our country strategic needs of “The Belt and Road”, it was proposed to use the existing overseas warehouses from domestic companies as prepositioning locations. The situation and functionality were clarified. A comprehensive evaluation for the existing overseas warehouses in the Indian Ocean was conducted. The authors screened out several countries suitable for prepositioning medicinal supplies. Meanwhile, the potential problems were discussed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the future research on overseas medicinal supplies.

Employment status of interdisciplinary talents of English and acupuncture-moxibustion and / 中国针灸

The employment situation and advantages of interdisciplinary talents of English and acupuncture-moxibustion and

Risk analysis and the current status of the epidemic of human important parasitic diseases in Hubei Province / 公共卫生与预防医学

The general epidemic characteristics of seven key human parasitic diseases in Hubei Province, including schistosomiasis, malaria, filariasis, kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis), soil-transmitted helminth infection, food-borne parasitic diseases, and echinococcosis, is reviewed in order to analyze the current epidemic situation and trend. At present, the epidemic of parasitic diseases has dropped to the lowest level in history in Hubei Province, but there still exists high risk of infections in some local areas. Along with the deepening of global economic integration and the implementation of the strategy of "the Belt and Road", and the expanding of dietary spectrum for human pursuing diversified material and cultural life, we are facing the transmission risk from imported parasitic diseases and rare parasitic diseases. Current monitoring efforts have been weakened due to the decline in work supporting measures. There will be potential risks of local outbreaks if an epidemic is not effectively controlled in time. It is recommended to maintain the multi-sectoral cooperation mechanism under the leadership of the government, further improve capacity building to ensure a capable and stable professional team for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, and to increase the monitoring of parasitic diseases during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, so as to consolidate the achievements of parasitic disease prevention and control and promote the health of people in Hubei Province.

Progress of researches on the diagnostic techniques for schistosomiasis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis is an important zoonotic parasitic disease, and is categorized as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization. Following the concerted efforts for more than 70 years, great achievements have been made in the national schistosomiasis control program in China, and the prevalence, disability and mortality due to schistosomiasis has remarkably dropped. Nevertheless, the frequent identification of imported schistosomiasis and the resulting potential transmission risk in mainland China have been recently paid much attention following the implementation of the “Belt and Road Initiative” and the China-Africa Cooperation Forum. This review describes the advances in the diagnostic tools for schistosomiasis, including pathogenic techniques, immunodiagnostic techniques and nucleic acid assays, in order to consolidate schistosomiasis control achievements and promote the capability for detection of external biological safety risks.

Enlightenment of COVID-19 epidemic on function and layout of China-Africa friendship hospital: from global health governance perspective / 中华医院管理杂志

The globalized epidemic of the COVID-19 forced the international community to reconsider the importance and urgency of global public health in world peace and development. The authors analyzed the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control situation in Africa, and discussed the functions and layout of China-Africa friendship hospitals from the perspective of global health governance. It was suggested that the functions of China-Africa friendship hospitals should be positioned as the high-level medical centers in Africa, regional medical and disease control linkage centers, regional health technology training centers, regional telemedicine collaboration center, and regional health policy research center.Furthermore, the layout of China-Africa friendship hospitals should respond to China′s assistance in the construction of Africa′s center for disease control and China-Africa′s cooperation plan for promoting the " one belt and one road" construction, and work together with the medical team to build a new pattern of medical integration and health care system for African disease prevention and control and medical treatment.

Development and prospect of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Sultanate of Oman / 国际中医中药杂志

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has become an important part of the health system in the Sultanate of Oman. Although there is no independent law, the local health department has implemented the administrative measures such as the admittance assessment system of TCM doctors and the standardized examination and approval of TCM clinics. The development of TCM in the Sultanate of Oman is supported by the policies of the two governments, with the characteristics likemedical cooperation starting with high-level personnel, the cooperation in economy, trade and medical treatment, TCM and local traditional medicine showing inclusive with good base, and the advantages of TCM theory and treatment meeting the needs of the local medical market. The prospect of cooperation in TCM market is broad. It is suggested that the local government should promote the legislation of traditional medicine and improve the admittance system of practitioners. China needs to promote the formulation of international standards of TCM and optimize the cooperation platform of TCM by using Internet and other technologies. The practitioners in China need to carry out medical activities on the premise of understanding and respecting the local cultural background.In order to promote the development of TCM in Arab countries, the Sultanate of Oman will radiate the whole Middle East through the above strategies.

Comparative and analysis of the medical assistance from China, Japan, the United States and Europe to the Republic of Mozambique / 国际中医中药杂志

As a natural extension of One Belt and One Road Initiative in Africa, the Republic of Mozambique plays an important role in the spread of Chinese medicine in Africa. By searching for the materials from the official foreign aid agencies of China, Japan, the United States and Europe, this paper compares and analyzes the current situation of medical aid to Mozambique by China, Japan, the United States and Europe. It is found that Japan, the United States and Europe focus on basic health facilities, social vulnerable groups, local epidemic diseases and other grassroots assistance. Finally, it proposes to set up projects that cater to the needs of recipient countries and strengthen the exchange of traditional medicine to seek multilateral aid cooperation and develop medical aid based on project audience. We hope that we can learn from others, so that China’s medical aid to Mozambique and thus to Africa could be more comprehensive, and the spread of Traditional Chinese Medicine could be spreaded in Africa.

Schistosomiasis control in the evolution of China’s international discourse power / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

As a successful example of global public health, Chinese schistosomiasis control technology and experiences have been included in global public health governance. Chinese schistosomiasis control program progresses with China’s international discourse power. During the period from the initial stage of the founding of the People’s Republic of China to China’s Reform and opening-up, the national schistosomiasis control program of China achieved great successes through mobilizing multi-sectorial resources under the policy of Independence and Self-reliance. Following China’s Reform and opening-up, all advantageous opportunities were captured to solve problems pertaining to schistosomiasis control in the context of complex international situations. As a consequence, transmission control of schistosomiasis was achieved across China in 2015. Since the Eighteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China has contributed the discourse system with distinct Chinese characteristics to the world, and has actively participated in health cooperation projects between China and other “Belt and Road” countries, which has contributed China’s wisdom to global schistosomiasis control program and conveyed China’s voice to the world.

Discussion and challenge of development of Yunnan medicine in the international environment of Traditional Chinese Medicine / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper introduced and analyzed the unique geographical location and diverse climatic conditions in the yunnan region, its rich reservation of regional medical plant resources, and the local history, doctors, literatures and medical schools of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Besides, we combined the characteristics with the current national development strategy "The Belt and Road Initiative" , "cultural soft power" and the Yunnan’s development strategy "big health industry" and "healthy life destination" . This paper discussed the current situation and development prospect of the international development of TCM in Yunnan and the results helped to provide suggestion for the internationalision of TCM in Yunnan.

Epidemiological study of traumatic brain injury in a tertiary care centre in South India

Background: This study investigated the epidemiological pattern of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in our hospital, so as to juxtapose with available statistics and formulate recommendations for patient betterment.Methods: The Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram was the setting of this cross-sectional longitudinal study and included all patients admitted with clinical/radiological evidence of TBI over a period of three months (October 2019 to December 2019). Details regarding mechanism of injury and the socioeconomic background of the subjects were collected during the stay in hospital, by means of a semi structured questionnaire. SPSS software was used to analyze the data collected.Results: Out of 658 patients included in the study, majority of the subjects belonged to the age group 30-60 years. About 80% of subjects were males. 63% were manual laborers. Majority of the patients had about 10-15 days’ stay in the hospital. Road traffic accidents were the most common mechanism of injury and involved two wheelers mainly. Lack of helmet and restraining seat belt was noted in a sizeable percent of the subjects. Loss of consciousness was the most common complaint and GCS in the majority of subjects ranged from 9-13. Subdural hematomas and hemorrhagic contusions were the most common CT findings. 39.7% of the patients had associated spinal injury. About 48% of the subjects were operated. There was 7% mortality.Conclusions: Road traffic accidents accounted for the majority of traumatic brain injury incidents and a sizeable portion of patients required expert neurosurgical care.