Evolución clínica en neuromielitis óptica comparando el manejo con azatioprina o rituximab / Clinical evolution in neuromyelitis optica when comparing management with azathioprine and rituximab

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN: El espectro de trastornos de neuromielitis óptica (NMOSD) es un grupo de enfermedades desmielinizantes, inflamatorias y autoinmunes, caracterizadas por episodios recurrentes de neuritis óptica y mielitis transversa longitudinal extensa, entre otras manifestaciones clínicas. Su tratamiento crónico se basa en el uso de terapias inmunosupresoras como azatioprina (AZA), micofenolato mofetilo (MFM) o rituximab (RTX). El objetivo del presente estudio es realizar un análisis comparativo de la respuesta al tratamiento con AZA o RTX. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, retrospectivo, en el cual se incluyeron inicialmente 69 pacientes con diagnóstico confirmado de NMOSD. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión 59 pacientes fueron incluidos en el análisis final. RESULTADOS: En el grupo de RTX se evidenció una mejoría importante en el estado funcional en comparación con el grupo de AZA, en el que se vio un empeoramiento de este al año de seguimiento. El perfil de seguridad fue similar entre ambos grupos, con una adherencia significativamente superior en el grupo de RTX. DISCUSIÓN: Los hallazgos del presente estudio respecto a las ventajas del uso de RTX sobre AZA se encuentran en concordancia con resultados de estudios previos reportados en la literatura. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados respaldan el uso de RTX sobre AZA como terapia de mantenimiento para pacientes con NMOSD, al estar asociado principalmente con una mejoría notable en la funcionalidad de los pacientes, al igual que una mayor adherencia al tratamiento.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMOSD) is a group of inflammatory, autoimmune, and demyelinating disorders. Its hallmark behavior is characterized by recurrent episodes of optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, among other clinical manifestations. Chronic therapy is based primarily in immunosuppressive therapies such as azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), or rituximab (RTX). The goal of this study is to perform a comparative analysis of response rates to chronic treatment with either AZA or RTX. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective observational analytic study was designed with an initial cohort of 69 patients with a diagnosis of NMOSD. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria a total of 59 patients were finally included in the analysis. RESULTS: The RTX group had an improved functional status when compared to the AZA group; in the latter this feature worsened after a one-year follow-up. There was also a comparable safety profile between the two groups with a significantly greater adherence to RTX regimes. DISCUSSION: The findings of the current study as to the benefits of RTX in comparison to AZA are similar to the results of previous studies. CONCLUSION: These results favor the use of RTX as maintenance treatment of NMOSD, because of its greater benefit mainly in the improvement in functional status of patients, as well as a greater adherence to treatment.

The effect of high-intensity interval training on post-exercise oxygen consumption: a meta-analysis / Efecto del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad sobre el consumo de oxígeno después delejercicio: metaanálisis / Efeito do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade sobre o consumo de oxigênio depois do exercício: metanálise

ABSTRACT Introduction: The objective of this study was to present a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare total excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) for two training intervention models in healthy individuals, and the secondary objective was to understand whether oxygen consumption after exercise could really promote a meaningful help. Design: To design a meta-analysis review to compare two training intervention models (experimental: high-intensity interval training; and control: continuous moderate-intensity) and their effects on total EPOC in healthy individuals. Participants: Seventeen studies were considered to be of good methodological quality and with a low risk of bias. Methods: Literature searches were performed using the electronic databases with no restriction on year of publication. The keywords used were obtained by consulting Mesh Terms (PubMed) and DeCS (BIREME Health Science Descriptors). Results: The present study findings showed a tendency (random-effects model: 0.87, 95%-CI [0.35,1.38], I2=73%, p<0.01) to increase EPOC when measured following high-intensity interval training. Conclusions: Our study focused on the analysis of high- and moderate-intensity oxygen uptake results following exercise. Despite the growing popularity of high-intensity interval training, we found that the acute and chronic benefits remain limited. We understand that the lack of a standard protocol and standard training variables provides limited consensus to determine the magnitude of the EPOC. We suggest that longitudinal experimental studies may provide more robust conclusions. Another confounding factor in the studies investigated was the magnitude (time in minutes) of VO2 measurements when assessing EPOC. Measurement times ranged from 60 min to 720 min. Longitudinal studies and controlled experimental designs would facilitate more precise measurements and correct subject numbers would provide accurate effect sizes. Systematic reviewb of Level II studies.

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RESUMO Introdução: O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma revisão sistemática e metanálise para comparar os efeitos de dois modelos de intervenção de treinamento sobre o consumo excessivo de oxigênio pós-exercício (EPOC) em indivíduos saudáveis em treinamento, e o objetivo secundário foi entender se o consumo de oxigênio depois de exercício realmente pode proporcionar ajuda substancial. Objetivo: Elaborar uma revisão de metanálise para comparar um modelo de treinamento de duas intervenções (experimental: treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade, e controle: contínuo de intensidade moderada) e o efeito sobre o EPOC total em indivíduos saudáveis. Participantes: Os 17 estudos foram considerados de boa qualidade metodológica e baixo risco de viés. Métodos: As buscas bibliográficas foram realizadas nos bancos de dados eletrônicos sem restrição de ano de publicação. Os descritores usados foram obtidos em MeSH (PubMed) e DeCS (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde da BIREME). Resultados: Os achados do presente estudo mostraram uma tendência (modelo de efeitos aleatórios: 0,87, IC 95% [0,35;1,38], I ² = 73%, p < 0,01) de aumento do EPOC quando as medidas foram realizadas depois de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade. Conclusões: Nosso estudo concentrou-se na análise dos resultados de alta e moderada intensidade no consumo de oxigênio depois do exercício. Apesar da crescente popularidade do treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade, descobrimos que os benefícios agudos e crônicos permanecem limitados. Entendemos que a falta de um protocolo e variáveis padronizadas de treinamento fornecem consenso limitado para determinar a magnitude do EPOC. Sugerimos que estudos experimentais longitudinais podem fornecer conclusões mais robustas. Outro fator de confusão nos estudos investigados foi a magnitude (tempo em minutos) das medidas do VO2na avaliação do EPOC. Os tempos de medição variaram de 60 a 720 min. Estudos longitudinais e projetos experimentais controlados facilitariam medições mais precisas e números corretos de indivíduos forneceriam tamanhos de efeito precisos. Nível de evidência II; Revisão sistemáticabde Estudos.

Overlap of obsessive and posttraumatic symptoms: A systematic review / Superposición de síntomas obsesivos y postraumáticos: Una revisión sistemática

Abstract Background Current medical literature suggests a symptomatic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which makes understanding their impact on the treatment process a challenging undertaking. Objective The key aim of this work was to deliver a comprehensive overview of empirical and observational studies concerning the overlap between both psychopathologies. Method Two independent authors searched PubMed, PsycINFO, and Web of Science databases between April and July 2020 utilizing relevant MeSH terms. Subsequently, a systematic scoping review was undertaken according to the PRISMA-ScR Statement to identify all relevant publications concerning the overlap of OCD and PTSD symptomatology. We included peer reviewed studies published in any language that contributed quantitative or qualitative data that addressed the relationship between OCD and PTSD symptoms as the main aim or outcome of the study. Non-peer-reviewed articles, studies that did not address this phenomenon of interest, and gray literature documents were excluded. This review was not registered into the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, since, according to the National Institute of Health Research, scoping reviews are ineligible for registration into PROSPERO. Results Twenty-five relevant studies were included (11 cross-sectional studies, 5 longitudinal-prospective studies, 4 case series, 4 case studies and 1 retrospective study). We did not conduct any statistical analysis due to the diversity of the included studies, thus proceeding to realize a thematic synthesis of the obtained data. Discussion and conclusion A symptomatic overlap exists between both comorbidities in some clinical populations, and this relationship may hamper treatment outcomes.

Resumen Antecedentes La literatura médica sugiere la existencia de una superposición sintomática entre el trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT) y el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC), situación que puede comprometer el tratamiento de esta población clínica. Objetivo El objetivo clave de este trabajo consiste en ofrecer una visión general de estudios empíricos y observacionales sobre la superposición entre ambas psicopatologías. Método Dos autores independientes buscaron en las bases de datos PubMed, PsycINFO y Web of Science entre abril y julio de 2020 utilizando DeCS relevantes. Se realizó una revisión sistemática exploratoria de acuerdo con la Declaración PRISMA-ScR para identificar todas las publicaciones relevantes sobre esta superposición sintomática. Se incluyeron estudios revisados por pares publicados en cualquier idioma que aportaron datos cuantitativos o cualitativos, que abordaron la relación entre los síntomas de TOC y TEPT. Se excluyeron los artículos no revisados por pares, aquellos que no abordaron este fenómeno de interés y la literatura gris. Esta revisión no se registró en el Registro Prospectivo Internacional de Revisiones Sistemáticas, ya que acorde al Instituto Nacional de Investigación en Salud, las revisiones sistemáticas exploratorias no son elegibles para su registro en PROSPERO. Resultados Se incluyeron 25 estudios relevantes (11 estudios transversales, 5 estudios longitudinales-prospectivos, 4 series de casos, 4 estudios de casos y 1 estudio retrospectivo). No se realizó ningún análisis estadístico debido a la diversidad de los estudios incluidos, por lo que se procedió a realizar una síntesis temática. Discusión y conclusión Existe una superposición sintomática entre ambas comorbilidades y esta relación puede obstaculizar el tratamiento.

Análisis de estudios sobre psicofármacos en una IPS del departamento de Córdoba 2012-2020 / Analysis of studies of psychopharmacers in a IPS of the department of Córdoba 2012-2020

Resumen Introducción. Los psicofármacos son medicamentos utilizados en la práctica médica para tratar enfermedades mentales. Objetivo. Realizar un análisis comparando indicadores de consumo en la utilización de psicofármacos en una Institución de Salud mental en el Departamento de Córdoba- Colombia. Metodología. Estudio longitudinal, retrospectivo-transversal, estudio de utilización de medicamentos (EUM) para comparar indicadores de consumo como dosis diaria definida (DDD), número de envases, considerando el diagnóstico y variables sociodemográficas. Resultados. población de 3.089 pacientes, donde el 48% presento diagnóstico de trastorno mental y del comportamiento por consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, el 17% presentó trastorno afectivo bipolar y el 15% esquizofrenia paranoide, el 70% de sexo masculino y un 30% sexo femenino. Los medicamentos más consumidos fueron ácido valproico en cápsulas de 250mg, carbonato de litio en tabletas de 300mg y sertralina en tabletas de 50mg; mayor consumo lo obtuvieron los antidepresivos con 45,77%, seguido por antipsicóticos con 23,19% y por último los anticonvulsivantes con 22,39%. Conclusión.Se observó diferencias en la tendencia del aumento en el consumo de psicofármacos utilizando como indicadores de consumo la dosis diaria definida (DDD) 54versus número de envases en los años de estudio. Esta investigación difiere con los resultados a nivel nacional y departamental en el sentido de que la depresión y demás problemas de salud mental se encuentran en mayor incidencia en los hombres

Results.Population of 3,089 patients, where 48% presented a diagnosis of mental and behavioral disorder due to the use of psychoactive substances, 17% presented bipolar affective disorder and 15% paranoid schizophrenia, 70% male and 30% sex feminine. The most used medications were valproic acid in 250mg capsules, lithium carbonate in 300mg tablets and sertraline in 50mg tablets; The highest consumption was obtained by antidepressants with 45.77%, followed by antipsychotics with 23.19% and finally anticonvulsants with 22.39%. Conclusion.Differences were observed in the trend of the increase in the consumption of psychotropic drugs using as consumption indicators the defined daily dose (DDD) versus the number of containers in the years of study. This research differs from the results at the national and departmental levels in the sense that depression and other mental health problems are found to be more prevalent in men

Uso de fibrina rica em plaquetas na periodontia: uma revisão de literatura / Use of platelet-rich fibrin in periodontia: a literature review

Fibrina rica em plaquetas (PRF) é um concentrado plaquetário de uso autólogo cuja implicação é promover uma melhor e mais rápida cicatrização além de reparo das lesões cirúrgicas, isso devido à sua disponibilidade ilimitada e ao seu potencial regenerativo com liberação de fatores de crescimento. Objetivo: fazer uma revisão de literatura sobre a utilização da PRF na periodontia. Metodologia: o estudo caracterizou-se como revisional, a partir de busca na literatura selecionando estudos transversais, longitudinais, casos clínicos e revisões sistemáticas, em português e inglês, indexados nas bases de dados portal de periódico da Capes, Medline e PubMed. Revisão: PRF tem sido utilizada na regeneração periodontal por sua capacidade de cicatrização e por conter proteínas biologicamente ativas que se ligam a uma malha de fibrina em desenvolvimento ou à matriz extracelular. Conclusão: observa-se que há uma melhora expressiva no processo de regeneração tecidual e na cicatrização quando se utiliza também a PRF no tratamento, o que a torna uma importante aliada na terapia periodontal.(AU)

Platelet Rich Fibrin is an autologous platelet concentrate whose implication is to promote better and faster healing and repair of surgical lesions. The aim of this study was to review the literature on the use of PRF in periodontics. Methodology: the study was characterized as a review, based on a search in the literature, selecting cross-sectional, longitudinal studies, clinical case and systematic reviews, in Portuguese and English, indexed in the Capes, Medline and PubMed journal databases. Review: PRF has been used in periodontal regeneration for its healing capacity and for containing biologically active proteins that bind to a developing fibrin mesh or the extracellular matrix. Conclusion: it is observed that there is an expressive improvement in the process of tissue regeneration and healing when the PRF is also used in the treatment, which makes it an important ally in periodontal therapy.(AU)

Comparison of clinical effects of two anterior cervical decompression with fusion on treating two segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical effects of anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) and anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion (ACCF) in treating adjacent two-segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 37 patients with adjacent two segment CSM treated from January 2016 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, including 15 males and 22 females, aged from 43 to 69 years old with an average of 54.6 years. The patients were divided into ACDF group (group A, =17) and ACCF group (group B, =20) according to the different surgery. The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded;the Cobb angle and cervical curvature in the cervical fusion segments before surgery and 1, 12 months after surgery were observed;Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was used to evaluate the surgical efficacy, and the postoperative complications were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All patients were followed up for 12 to 24 months with an average of 18.5 months. Operation time and intraoperative blood loss in group A were (106.3±22.6) min, (52.2±26.4) ml, respectively, while were (115.6±16.8) min, ( 61.7±20.7) ml in group B. There was no statistically significant in operation time between two groups(>0.05);intraoperative blood loss in group B was larger than group A(0.05). At the final follow up, in group A, dysphagia occurred in 2 cases, cage displacement in 1 case, and no titanium plate screw loose was found;and in group B, dysphagia occurred in 4 cases, titanium mesh collapse in 2 cases, titanium plate screw loose in 1 case.@*CONCLUSION@#Two types of anterior cervical decompression and fusion for the treatment of two segment cervical spondylotic myelopathy can effectively decompress and improve the Cobb angle and cervical curvature of the affected vertebra. The ACDF surgical procedure can directly removethe compressive thing at intervertebral level, which will lead to little vertebral body damage and favorably recovered cervical curvature. The ACCF surgical procedure has a large operation space, which can easily remove the posterior vertebral osteophyte and the calcified posterior longitudinal ligament. Long-term follow-up shows that ACDF and ACCF have good surgical procedures, mature technology, and close efficacy.

Estudios de cohortes: 1a parte: descripción, metodología y aplicaciones / Cohort studies: 1st part: description, methodology and applications

Resumen Los estudio de cohortes (EC), son estudios de carácter longitudinal, observacional y analíticos. Corresponden a uno de los diseños más utilizados en investigación clínica, aportando altos niveles de evidencia, según el tipo de escenario en los que se aplique. Los EC tienen como objetivos, determinar asociación entre un factor de exposición y el desarrollo de alguna enfermedad o evento de interés, a partir de la estimación de riesgos; conocer la historia natural o el curso clínico de una enfermedad o de un evento de interés; determinar supervivencia; estudiar factores protectores y pronósticos. Los EC tienen diversas aplicaciones, por ejemplo: investigación de brotes epidemiológicos, estudios de causalidad, evaluación de intervenciones educacionales, etc. Teóricamente, la mejor aproximación es mediante un estudio de cohortes prospectivas; sin embargo, suelen exigir largos períodos de tiempo de seguimiento para obtener resultados útiles; por lo tanto, se puede recurrir a otras estrategias, como a los estudios retrospectivos y otros, que pueden resultar más factibles respecto de recursos y tiempos de seguimiento. El objetivo de este manuscrito fue generar un documento de estudio referente a descripción, metodología y aplicaciones de los EC en ciencias de la salud.

Cohort studies (CS) are longitudinal, observational and analytical studies. As one of the most utilized designs in clinical research, CS provides high levels of evidence, depending on the type of scenario in which they are applied. The objectives of CS are to determine the association between an exposure factor and the development of a disease or event of interest, based on the estimation of risks. Additionally, CS aim to provide insight into the natural history or the clinical course of an event of interest as well as generate results with regard to determine survival; study protective studies and prognostic factors. CS have various applications, for example: epidemiological outbreak research, causality studies, evaluation of educational interventions, etc. Theoretically, the method to generate the best approximations is through the use of a prospective CS; however, these usually require long periods of time performing follow-up to obtain useful results; therefore, it is possible to use other strategies, such as retrospective CS among others, which may be more feasible with respect to resources and monitoring times. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a document with reference to the description, methodology and applications of the CS in health sciences

Split-night polysomnography at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá / Caracterización de estudios de noche partida en la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá

Abstract Introduction: The obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is usually established using polysomnography (PSG). Most patients diagnosed with this condition receive treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). The conventional approach requires performing a full-night PSG and CPAP titration over a two-night stay in a sleep laboratory, which is costly and may present scheduling difficulties. However, the combined use of polysomnography and CPAP titration in a single night, procedure known as split-night polysomnography (SNPSG), is less-expensive and is a time saving strategy for diagnosis and treatment. Objectives: To characterize the SNPSG studies conducted in the sleep laboratory of the Hospital Universitario Santa Fe de Bogotá (HUFSFB) and assess their performance in the diagnosis and treatment of OSAHS. Materials and methods: Retrospective, observational and longitudinal study performed on a sample of 221 patients. Results: 208 (94.1%) SNPSG studies were compatible with OSAHS. Most cases (54.7%) had a hypopnea apnea index (AHI) ≥30. Adequate CPAP titration was achieved in 78% of patients who had severe AHI (p=0.00). Conclusions: OSAHS was diagnosed and an adequate CPAP titration was achieved in most of the SNPSG studies of the analyzed sample.

Resumen Introducción. El diagnóstico del síndrome de apnea/hipopnea obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) se realiza mediante estudio de polisomnografía (PSG) y la mayoría de los pacientes con este diagnóstico recibe tratamiento con presión aérea positiva continua (CPAP). Este abordaje convencional requiere dos estudios de PSG: uno diagnóstico y otro de titulación. El uso combinado de PSG diagnóstica y de titulación en una sola noche, conocido como noche partida (PSGNP), es una alternativa diagnóstica y terapéutica válida que optimiza la utilización de tiempo y recursos. Objetivo. Caracterizar los estudios de PSGNP realizados en el laboratorio de sueño del Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (HUFSFB) y evaluar su desempeño. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico de tipo longitudinal retrospectivo de una muestra de 221 pacientes. Resultados. Se registraron 208 (94.1%) estudios de PSGNP compatibles con SAHOS, de los cuales la mayoría de los pacientes (54.7%) presentaron un índice de apnea hipopnea (IAH) >30. En 78% de los pacientes que presentaban IAH severo se logró una titulación adecuada del CPAP (p=0.00). Conclusiones. En la mayor parte de los estudios de PSGNP de la muestra analizada se diagnosticó SAHOS y se consiguió una titulación adecuada del CPAP.

Surgical Reconstruction Using a Flanged Mesh Cage without Plating for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and a Symptomatic Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

OBJECTIVE: We introduce innovative method of cervical column reconstruction and performed the reconstruction with a flanged titanium mesh cage (TMC) instead of a plate after anterior corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).METHODS: Fifty patients with CSM or OPLL who underwent anterior cervical reconstruction with a flanged TMC were investigated retrospectively. Odom’s criteria were used to assess the clinical outcomes. The radiographic evaluation included TMC subsidence, fusion status, and interbody height. Thirty-eight patients underwent single-level and 12 patients underwent two-level corpectomy with a mean follow-up period of 16.8 months.RESULTS: In all, 19 patients (38%) had excellent outcomes and 25 patients (50%) had good outcomes. Two patients (4%) in whom C5 palsy occurred were categorized as poor. The fusion rate at the last follow-up was 98%, and the severe subsidence rate was 34%. No differences in subsidence were observed among Odom’s criteria or between the single-level and two-level corpectomy groups.CONCLUSION: The satisfactory outcomes in this study indicate that the flanged TMC is an effective graft for cervical reconstruction.

Surgical Reconstruction Using a Flanged Mesh Cage without Plating for Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy and a Symptomatic Ossified Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

OBJECTIVE: We introduce innovative method of cervical column reconstruction and performed the reconstruction with a flanged titanium mesh cage (TMC) instead of a plate after anterior corpectomy for cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). METHODS: Fifty patients with CSM or OPLL who underwent anterior cervical reconstruction with a flanged TMC were investigated retrospectively. Odom’s criteria were used to assess the clinical outcomes. The radiographic evaluation included TMC subsidence, fusion status, and interbody height. Thirty-eight patients underwent single-level and 12 patients underwent two-level corpectomy with a mean follow-up period of 16.8 months. RESULTS: In all, 19 patients (38%) had excellent outcomes and 25 patients (50%) had good outcomes. Two patients (4%) in whom C5 palsy occurred were categorized as poor. The fusion rate at the last follow-up was 98%, and the severe subsidence rate was 34%. No differences in subsidence were observed among Odom’s criteria or between the single-level and two-level corpectomy groups. CONCLUSION: The satisfactory outcomes in this study indicate that the flanged TMC is an effective graft for cervical reconstruction.

A longitudinal study on stress sources perceived by Chilean dental students / Estudio longitudinal de las fuentes de estrés percibidas por estudiantes de odontología chilenos

Abstract Introduction: Establishing the perception of academic stress by university students is highly relevant to obtain valuable feedback on the efficiency and acceptability of educational methods. Objective: To evaluate the differences in stress factors perceived by first-year dental students during the first and second semesters according to gender. Materials and methods: Exploratory, non-experimental, longitudinal descriptive study. The Spanish version of the Dental Environment Stressors (DES) questionnaire was applied, adapted and validated for the dental students of the San Sebastián University (Concepción, Chile) in May and October 2016. The sample consisted of 83 first-year students evaluated. A general comparison of the variables under study (stress and its dimensions) was made for both periods, considering genders and using the Student's t-test. Fisher's F test was used after estimating whether or not there was equality of variances between the groups. Results: The second measurement revealed that the "clinical training" dimension in women was the only component that showed significant differences with values above the mean. Conclusion: The perception of stress was estimated for all items of the DES questionnaire, obtaining a higher score in the "clinical training" dimension in women.

Resumen Introducción. La percepción de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el estrés académico es fundamental, ya que proporciona información valiosa sobre la eficiencia y aceptabilidad de los métodos educativos. Objetivo. Evaluar las diferencias en los factores de estrés percibidos por los estudiantes de primer año de odontología durante el primer y segundo semestre según género. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo exploratorio, longitudinal y no experimental. En mayo y octubre de 2016 se aplicó la versión en español del Dental Environment Stressors (DES), adaptado y validado para estudiantes de odontología en la Universidad San Sebastián (Concepción, Chile). La muestra consistió en 83 estudiantes de primer año. La comparación de las variables en estudio (estrés y sus dimensiones) entre los dos períodos comparados, en general y considerando los géneros, se realizaron mediante la prueba t-Student, previa estimación de existencia o no de igualdad de varianzas entre los grupos mediante la prueba F de Fisher. Resultados. En la segunda medición, la dimensión "Formación clínica" en mujeres fue el único componente que mostró diferencias significativas con valores superiores de la media. Conclusión. Existe una percepción de estrés para todos los ítems del cuestionario DES; las mujeres tuvieron una mayor puntuación en la dimensión "Formación clínica".

Genetic identification for non-communicable disease: findings from 20 years of the Tehran lipid and glucose study

Context: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study [TLGS], a longitudinal family based cohort study, is the oldest and largest longitudinal family based study in Iran, aimed at investigating effects of environmental, social and biological factors on the health of Tehranians over time. Considering the importance of genetic studies in this aspect, here we present a summary of the important genetic findings, and the potentiality of their contributions to future related projects

Evidence Acquisition: for all related studies during the past 20 years the search sources were all prominent search engines such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with the most proper Medical Subject Headings [MeSH]

Results: this review summarizes associations of 6 binary phenotypes and 17 quantitative traits with genetic markers in 26 genes. Of the 47 genetic markers, studied most were related to cardio metabolic risk factors. Results of heritability and linkage analysis were also collected and the highest heritability was found to be related to HDL-C [0.5]

Conclusion: considering the opportunity provided by large-scale cohort studies to investigate molecular effects of genetic variants on causality and different omics' data, genetic studies conducted on TLGS population have had a remarkable success in identifying genetic variants that facilitating a unique genetic database on Iranian populations. The results of genome wide association studies in this population are currently facilitating investigations to define the Iranian genetic differences with other population

Is playing string or wind musical instruments a risk factor for temporomandibular dysfunction? a systematic review

AIM. medical problems specifically affecting professional musicians are commonly mentioned in the literature. the present study is aimed to evaluate, through a systematic review, the possible association between the practice of string with bow and wind musical instruments and the occurrence of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). METHODS. the search for articles was conducted in PubMed/ Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs, Cochrane Library, and Open Gray databases, and there was no restriction on language or date of publication. the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. the MeSH terms used were: "music"; "temporomandibular joint"; "temporomandibular joint disorders"; "temporomandibular joint dysfunction syndrome"; and "occupational diseases". cross-sectional studies, case-control, cohort and clinical trials were included that involved the practice of string with bow and wind musical instruments and the occurrence of temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). articles were previously selected by title and abstract. qualitative evaluation was done through the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. RESULTS. the literature search identified 732 studies, of which 10 met the inclusion criteria, nine of them cross-sectional studies and one a clinical intervention study. the TMD prevalence ranged from 47.0 percent to 89.0 percent. recruitment of participants took place in professional schools and orchestras, and in bands of professional musicians. all studies reported associations between TMD and the practice of musical instruments, and violinists presented higher prevalence rates when compared to other instrument groups. CONCLUSION. all studies pointed to a possible association between TMD and the practice of string and wind musical instruments. more longitudinal and clinical trials studies are needed to verify any possible interrelationship.

Análisis bibliométrico de los artículos originales publicados en la revista Ciencia & Trabajo: 1999-2015 / Bibliometric analysis of the original articles published in the journal Ciencia & Trabajo: 1999-2015

INTRODUCCIÓN: La Revista Ciencia y Trabajo (C&T) es editada por la Fundación Científica y Tecnológica de la Asociación Chilena de Seguridad desde 1999, publica trabajos científicos en temas relaciona dos con la seguridad e higiene industrial, salud ocupacional, calidad de vida laboral y otras disciplinas asociadas al trabajo y medio ambiente. OBJETIVO: Analizar la producción científica de los artículos originales publicados en C&T durante el periodo 1999-2015. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio bibliométrico descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se analizaron las características metodológicas y técnicas específicas en pre vención de riesgos laborales para cada uno de los artículos analizados, asimismo, la visibilidad en SciELO Analytics para los últimos años. RESULTADOS: Se publicaron un total de 430 artículos originales en 52 números con una media de 27 ± 8,8 artículos por año y 8 ± 2,6 artícu los por número. Los años con más artículos fueron 2009, 2010 y 2011. El número de autores por artículo oscila entre 1 a 4 (82%), en su mayo ría de universidades de Latinoamérica, destacando Chile, México y Brasil como los países de mayor contribución. La Psicosociología y Medicina del Trabajo son las temáticas más investigadas respecto a otras técnicas específicas en prevención de riesgos laborales como la Seguridad en el Trabajo y Ergonomía, predominando los estudios trans versales de carácter descriptivo-observacional en el idioma español. CONCLUSIONES: Se evidencia la consolidación de la revista a lo largo del tiempo. Por la antigüedad, publicación regular y demás atributos, la Revista C&T puede plantearse la posibilidad de ser indexada en la base de datos Scopus.

BACKGROUND: The journal Science and Work (C&T) has been pub lished by the Scientific and Technological Foundation of the Chilean Security Association since 1999, it publishes scientific papers on issues related to industrial safety and health, occupational health, quality of work life and other disciplines associated with Work and the environment. Objetive: To analyze the scientific production of the original articles published in C&T during the period 1999-2015. MATERIALS-METHODS: Descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective bibliometric study. We analyzed the specific methodological and technical characteristics in occupational risk prevention for each of the analyzed articles, as well as the visibility in SciELO Analytics for the last years. RESULTS: A total of 430 original articles were published in 52 numbers with an average of 27 ± 8.8 articles per year and 8 ± 2.6 articles per number, the years with the most articles were 2009, 2010 and 2011. The number of authors per article ranges from 1 to 4 (82%), mostly from Latin American universities, Chile, Mexico and Brazil being the countries with the highest contribution. Psychosociology and Occupational Medicine are the most researched topics in relation to other specific techniques in the prevention of occupational hazards such as Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, with cross - sectional descriptive - observational studies predominat ing in the spanish language. CONCLUSIONS: It is evident the consolida tion of the journal over time. Due to seniority, regular publication and other attributes, C&T can consider the possibility of being indexed in the Scopus database.

Fundamentos técnicos y resultados de la reparación protésica novedosa de hernias incisionales grandes / Technical basics and results of the prosthetics original repair of large incisional hernias

Introducción: la hernia incisional grande tiene una elevada recurrencia a pesar del uso de mallas. Objetivo: describir una técnica para la reparación de defectos de la pared abdominal de más de 15-20 cm de diámetro. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo, retrospectivo - prospectivo y longitudinal de 62 pacientes operados mediante esta técnica en el Hospital General Universitario Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso de Santiago de Cuba, desde 2003 hasta 2015. Resultados: predominaron el sexo femenino, el grupo etario de 45-65 años, la hipertensión arterial como comorbilidad con cirugía abdominal ginecológica previa, localización infraumbilical del sitio herniario, hernioplastia de Bendavid y abdominoplastia como cirugía asociada. Tuvo mayor incidencia la anestesia general endotraqueal como método anestésico, la complicación posoperatoria más relevante fue el seroma; no hubo mortalidad, ni recurrencias. Conclusiones: este es un método seguro y eficaz para la reparación de grandes defectos herniarios de la pared abdominal anterior

Introduction: the large incisional hernia has a high recurrence in spite of the use of meshes. Objective: to describe a technique for the repair of the abdominal wall defects of more than 15-20 cm in diameter. Methods: a descriptive, quantitative, retrospective - prospective and longitudinal study of 62 patients operated by means of this technique was carried out in the Dr Juan Bruno Zayas Alfonso University General Hospital in Santiago de Cuba, from 2003 to 2015. Results: there was a prevalence of the female sex, 45-65 years age group, hypertension as comorbidity with previous gynecological abdominal surgery, infraumbilical localization of the hernial site, Bendavid hernioplasty and abdominoplasty as associated surgery. The endotraqueal general anesthetic as anesthetic method had a higher incidence, the most outstanding postoperative complication was the serous complication; there was neither mortality, nor recurrences. Conclusions: this is a safe and effective method for the repair of large hernial defects of the front abdominal wall

Role of endothelin‑1 in periodontal diseases: A structured review.

Background and Objective: Endothelin‑1 (ET‑1) is a 21‑amino acid peptide and is a potent vasoconstrictor produced by endothelial cells. It plays a role in the development of diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. Previous studies have identified ET‑1 in gingival tissues obtained from patients affected by chronic periodontitis or gingival overgrowth. Thus, there is a need to appraise the role of ET‑1 in periodontal disease. Materials and Methods: The electronic search strategy included the databases such as PubMed, PubMed Central, LILACS, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, MeSH, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, and EMBASE databases. Hand search of relevant journals was also carried out until September 2013. The included studies were both cross‑sectional and longitudinal performed in vivo/in vitro, which measures the expression of ET‑1 from various cells of the periodontium and in periodontal disease. Further, studies assessing the factors which influence ET‑1 expression were included in the study. Results: A total of 15 articles were found relevant and fulfilled the inclusion criteria posed in this review. Ten studies discussed the concentration of ET‑1 in periodontal disease, whereas eight studies investigated the cells expressing ET‑1. Nine studies assessed the factors influencing ET‑1 expression and two studies evaluated the influence of ET‑1 on inflammatory mediators and other cytokines. The results suggested that ET‑1 is elevated in periodontal diseases and is influenced by inflammatory cytokines and periodontal pathogens. Conclusion: ET‑1 was found to have a role in periodontal disease, but further research will be required to substantiate its use as a biomarker.

Perfusión testicular en la hernioplastia de Lichtenstein / Testicular perfusion in Lichtenstein hernioplasty

Introducción: la hernioplastia de Lichtenstein es un proceder de buena aceptación con bajas tasas de recidiva. No existe consenso sobre el impacto que produce el contacto directo de la malla y la fibrosis que esta induce, sobre los elementos del cordón inguinal y su influencia en la perfusión testicular. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del contacto directo de la malla sobre la perfusión testicular en la hernioplastia de Lichtenstein. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en 43 pacientes intervenidos en el Hospital Universitario "Comandante Manuel Fajardo" de La Habana, de noviembre de 2010 a junio de 2015, a los que se les realizó hernioplastia de Lichtenstein. En cada paciente se estudió la perfusión testicular utilizando los índices de flujo sanguíneo de la arteria testicular. Resultados: no se encontraron alteraciones de la perfusión testicular asociado al uso de la prótesis de polipropileno en la hernioplastia de Lichtenstein. Conclusión: la colocación de la malla de polipropileno según la técnica de Lichtenstein no produce alteración de la perfusión testicular según nuestros resultados(AU)

Introduction: Lichtenstein hernyoplasty is a well-accepted procedure with low rates of recurrence. However, there is no consensus on the impact produced by direct mesh contact and the induced fibrosis, or on the elements of the inguinal cord and its influence on testicular perfusion. Objective: to evaluate the effect of direct mesh contact on testicular perfusion in the Lichtenstein hernyoplasty. Methods: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was carried out with 43 patients who underwent Lichtenstein hernyoplasty and were treated at Comandante Manuel Fajardo University Hospital of Havana, from November 2010 to June 2015. Testicular perfusion was studied in each patient using the blood flow rates of testicular artery. Results: no testicular perfusion abnormalities were found to be associated with the use of polypropylene mesh in Lichtenstein hernioplasty. Conclusion: according to our results, the use of a polypropylene mesh by Lichtenstein technique does not impair testicular perfusion(AU)

Experiencia cubana en el uso de la malla Laparomesh / Cuban experience in the Laparomesh mesh use

Introducción: las hernias incisionales constituyen un problema que diariamente enfrentan los cirujanos. Las técnicas protésicas ofrecen múltiples formas de resolverlas y prevenirlas. Objetivo: interpretar los beneficios de la malla Laparomesh en la reparación y prevención de las hernias incisionales. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo en 37 pacientes intervenidos en los hospitales universitarios Comandante Manuel Fajardo de La Habana y Juan Bruno Sayas de Santiago de Cuba, de noviembre de 2008 a junio de 2013, con hernias múltiples de la línea media o riesgo de desarrollar hernias incisionales, a los cuales se les realizó hernioplastia con la malla Laparomesh. Resultados: la media de edad fue 46 años y predominó el sexo masculino. Se utilizó la anestesia espinal o general y cefazolina como profilaxis antibiótica. Conclusiones: no existieron hasta el momento manifestaciones de rechazo al material protésico, ni complicaciones inmediatas. No recidiva herniaria con seguimiento promedio de 36 meses(AU)

Introduction: incisional hernias are a regular problem faced by the surgeon where prosthetic techniques provide many choices for solution and prevention. Objective: to show the advantages of the Laparomesh mesh for the prevention and repair of incisional hernia. Methods: an observational, descriptive, longitudinal and prospective study was conducted in 37 patients who had been operated on in Manuel Fajardo and Juan Bruno Sayas teaching hospitals in Havana and Santiago de Cuba, respectively, from November 2008 to June 2013. They had midline incisional hernias or were at risk of developing them, so they underwent hernioplasty with Laparomesh mesh. Results: the average age was 46 and males prevailed. Spinal or general anesthesia was used as well as prophylaxis with cefazolin. Conclusions: there have been no manifestations of rejection to the prosthetic material up to now. Neither immediate complications norhernial recurrence have been so far observed with an average follow-up of 36 months(AU)

Reparación de la hernia poslaparotómica mediante un modelo de hernioplastia incisional / Repair of post-laparotomy hernia by means of an incisional hernioplasty model

Introducción: la hernia incisional se encuentra dentro de las complicaciones más temidas por los cirujanos tras la realización de una laparotomía. La aplicación de técnicas tisulares para su reparación se empleó tradicionalmente, pero estas no mostraron buenos resultados. El advenimiento de los materiales protésicos ha disminuido el índice de recidiva y el dolor posoperatorio en los pacientes con hernia incisional. Objetivo: conocer los resultados obtenidos en nuestro centro con la aplicación de un modelo de hernioplastia incisional para el tratamiento de la hernia poslaparotómica. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de carácter prospectivo longitudinal en el Hospital Dr Carlos J Finlay, con 143 pacientes que presentaban hernias incisionales. Resultados: el sexo femenino fue el más afectado. La obesidad, el hábito de fumar, las enfermedades pulmonares obstructivas crónicas, y la colagenosis, se distinguen entre los factores de riesgo más frecuentes. La mayoría de los pacientes presentaban hernias medianas con anillos entre 10 y 15 cm. El seroma fue la complicación principal. El índice de recidiva fue solo del 2,06 por ciento. Conclusiones: el modelo de hernioplastia incisional propuesto representa una alternativa segura, pues ofrece un índice de recidiva aceptable(AU)

Introduction: incisional hernia is included in the more fearsome complications by surgeons after carrying out of a laparotomy. The application of tissular techniques for its repair was traditionally used but these ones have not good results. The advent of prosthetic materials has decreased the relapse rate and the postoperative pain in patients presenting with incisional hernia. Objective: to know the results obtained in our center with application of an incisional hernioplasty model for treatment of post-laparotomy hernia. Methods: a longitudinal and prospective study was conducted in the Dr Carlos J Finlay Hospital in 143 patients with incisional hernias. Results: the female sex was the more involved one. Obesity, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and the collagenosis are included in the more frequent risk factors. Most of patients had medium hernias with rings between 10 and 15 cm. Seroma was the major complication. The relapse rate was only of 2,06 percent. Conclusions: the proposed model of incisional hernioplasty is a safe alternative, thus it offers an acceptable relapse rate(AU)

Posesión, retención y uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticidas de larga duración luego de un año de su distribución en Loreto, Perú / Long-lasting insecticide - treated bednet ownership, retention and usage one year after their distribution in Loreto, Peru

Objetivos. Evaluar la posesión, retención y uso de mosquiteros tratados con insecticida de larga duración (MTILD) luego de un año de su distribución en Loreto, Perú. Materiales y métodos. De julio a septiembre de 2007 se distribuyeron 26 185 MTILD Olyset Net® en 194 comunidades objetivo de Loreto, que protegieron a 45 331 personas. Posteriormente, se realizaron visitas de monitoreo (primera en diciembre de 2007 y segunda en julio de 2008) a los hogares de una muestra de 60 comunidades objetivo (30,9 por ciento del total), colectándose mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado los datos necesarios para el cálculo de indicadores de posesión, retención y uso de los MTILD. Resultados. En ambas visitas, la posesión de MTILD en hogares fue elevada (99,9 por ciento y 98,7 por ciento, respectivamente). La razón MTILD/persona disminuyó de 0,58 al momento de la distribución a 0,51 en la segunda visita, estimándose una retención al año de MTILD de 87 por ciento. En la primera visita, 99,0 por ciento de los niños <5 años y 96,0 por ciento de las embarazadas durmieron bajo un MTILD la noche anterior, mientras que en la segunda visita, 77,7 por ciento de los niños<5 años y 66,3 por ciento de las embarazadas durmieron bajo un MTILD la noche anterior. El tamaño de los agujeros de la trama de los MTILD tuvo una baja aceptabilidad por parte del a población durante la segunda visita (39,0 por ciento). Conclusiones. Si bien la posesión de MTILD en los hogares se ha mantenido elevada, su uso por la población beneficiada ha disminuido durante el año de seguimiento.

Objectives. To assess long-lasting insecticide - treated bednet (LLITN) ownership, retention and usage one year after their distribution in Loreto, Peru. Materials and methods. From July to September 2007, 26,185 LLITNs Olyset Net ® were delivered in 194 targeted communities in the Peruvian Amazon region, covering 45,331 people. Two cross-sectional community-based surveys in December 2007 and July 2008 were undertaken in a sample of 60 targeted communities (30.9 percent out of the total). A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect necessary data to calculate LLITN ownership, retention and usage indicators. Results. High LLITN household ownership was showed in both surveys (99.9 percent and 98.7 percent, respectively). LLITN/ person ratio decreased from 0.58 at the end of the LLITN delivery to 0.51 in the second survey, estimating LLITN retention of 87 percent after 1 year of intervention. In the first survey, 99.0 percent of all children <5 years and 96,0 percent of pregnant women slept under a LLITN the previous night, while in the second survey, 77.7 percent of children <5 years and 66.3 percent of pregnant women slept under a LLITN the previous night. Big mesh size of LLITN had low people´s acceptability, reaching only 39.0 percent in the second survey. Conclusions. Although universal LLITN household ownership remained high, their LLITN usage levels have decreased during one-year follow-up period.