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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Anabasis aretioides (Coss & Moq.), a Saharan plant belonging to Chenopodiaceae family, is widely distributed in semi-desert areas from the Tafilalet region of Morocco. This plant is extensively used by local population against diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous A. aretioides extract on lipid metabolism in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and to identify the polyphenolic compounds present. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant activity of the aqueous A. aretioides extract was also evaluated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effect of an aerial part aqueous extract (APAE) of A. aretioides (5 mg/kg of lyophilized A. aretioides APAE) on plasma lipid profile was investigated in normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats (n = 6) after once daily oral administration for 15 days. The aqueous extract was tested for its 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity. Polyphenolic compounds in the extracts were definitively characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In diabetic rats, oral administration of A. aretioides APAE provoked a significant decrease in both plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels from the first to the second week (P < 0.01). A significant decrease on plasma triglyceride levels was also observed in normal rats (P < 0.01), where the reduction was 53%. In addition, the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 12 polyphenolic compounds. Moreover, according to the DPPH radical-scavenging activity, the aqueous extract showed an in vitro antioxidant activity.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aqueous A. aretioides APAE exhibits lipid-lowering and in vitro antioxidant activities. Many polyphenols were present in this extract and these phytoconstituents may be involved in the pharmacological activity of this plant.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Antioxidants , Chenopodiaceae , Chemistry , Cholesterol , Blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental , Blood , Drug Therapy , Hypolipidemic Agents , Chemistry , Phytochemicals , Chemistry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Polyphenols , Chemistry , Rats, Wistar , Streptozocin , Tandem Mass Spectrometry , Triglycerides , BloodABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:The purpose of the study was to extract carotenoids from thermophilic bacteria which show efficient antioxidant and protein oxidation inhibition properties, characterize and identify those isolates, extract the carotenoids in different solvents, quantify the carotenoids and perform concentration-dependent and solvent-dependent quantitative assays validated and analysed by appropriate statistical tests. METHODS: Three pigment-forming thermophilic strains were isolated from water sample of Paniphala hot spring, India, and tentatively identified by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) homology. Different concentrations of the carotenoid extracts (100, 80, 40 and 20µg) in three solvents, methanol, DMSO and water, were used to determine the antioxidant activity through five methods: the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) assay, the hydrogen peroxide assay, TOC (total antioxidant capacity) assay and inhibition of protein oxidation assay. Statistical analysis of mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and Pearson correlationcoefficient was performed in Microsoft Excel statistical package.Results:The isolates were tentatively identified as Meiothermussp. strain RP, Meiothermussp. strain TP and Thermusstrain YY.Meiothermussp. formed red coloured pigment, where as Thermussp. formed yellow coloured pigment. Allof the extracts showed positive results in DPPH assay, ABTS assay and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assaywith best results obtained when the extracts were dissolved in water. Total antioxidant capacity assay was also highin all the extracts. Protein oxidation inhibition activity was only seen in extracts of strain YY. One-way ANOVA(analysis of variance) clearly showed that choice of solvent influenced the antioxidant capacity of all of the extracts. CONCLUSIONS: Newer and efficient antioxidative compounds are constantly being searched for, and the carotenoid extracts of RP, TP and YY have been shown to catalyze various types of antioxidative reactions, including proteinoxidation inhibition by YY. Thus, all these extracts have huge potential to be industrially and pharmaceutically useful.
Subject(s)
Advanced Oxidation Protein Products/analysis , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Carotenoids/biosynthesis , Carotenoids/therapeutic useABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To screen different solvent extracts of Elaeagnus kologa (E. kologa) leaf to determine the phytochemicals, potent antioxidant and antibacterial activity to find out the possible source of applied pharmaceutical formulations.@*METHODS@#Solvent extracts of leaf material were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. A study was performed on antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of leaf by 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. The phenolic and flavonoid content of all the fractions were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Leaves were also subjected to protein and carbohydrate test.@*RESULTS@#The total phenols, flavonoids were found to be high in petroleum ether as compare to other solvent fraction. The IC50 value of methanolic extract of the sample was 62.20 μg/mL which showed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The present study suggests that the methanolic extract of E. kologa leaf possesses antioxidant and antibacterial properties. Such properties may be of great use in mitigating the detrimental effects of oxidative stress and reducing susceptibility to bacterial infection. Notably, extracts of E. kologa leaf also contain proteins and carbohydrates which add to its nutritional value.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To screen different solvent extracts of Elaeagnus kologa (E. kologa) leaf to determine the phytochemicals, potent antioxidant and antibacterial activity to find out the possible source of applied pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: Solvent extracts of leaf material were prepared using the Soxhlet apparatus. A study was performed on antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of leaf by 1-1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method. The phenolic and flavonoid content of all the fractions were determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Leaves were also subjected to protein and carbohydrate test. Results: The total phenols, flavonoids were found to be high in petroleum ether as compare to other solvent fraction. The IC
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Comparative antioxidant studies were carried out for methanolic extract of Cassia auriculata flowers, leaves and roots for proving its utility in inflammation and healing mechanism. The methanolic extracts were screened for antioxidant activity by nitric oxide radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibition and DPPH methods at different concentrations. Throughout the studies flowers extract showed marked antioxidant activity compared to leaves and roots extract. The antioxidant activity of the flower flowers extract may be due to stabilization of plasma membrane, thereby lowering the elevated levels of serum lysosomal enzymes. The antioxidant activity was found to be concentration dependent and may be attributed to the presence of high flavanoids and bioflavonoids content in the flowers of Cassia auriculata.
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The antioxidant activity of the crude n-hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol extracts from 25 species belonging to the Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Solanaceae families collected at natural reserves from the Eje Cafetero Ecorregión Colombia, were evaluated by using the spectrophotometric 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical-scavenging method. The strongest antioxidant activities were showed by the methanol and dichloromethane extracts from the Euphorbiaceae, Alchornea coelophylla (IC50 41.14 mg/l) and Acalypha platyphilla (IC50 111.99 mg/l), respectively. These two species had stronger DPPH radical scavenging activities than hydroquinone (IC50 151.19 mg/l), the positive control. The potential use of Colombian flora for their antioxidant activities is discussed.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Asteraceae , Colombia , Euphorbiaceae , Oxidation-Reduction/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Rubiaceae , SolanaceaeABSTRACT
Objective To observe the free radical scavenging action of volatile oil from Piper longum L.growing in Hainan Province and to explore the relationship of the action with molecular structure.Methods 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical(DPPH) method was used to determine the scavenging action.The components of volatile oil were analyzed by GC-MS,and their molecular structures were identified by databank.Results(1)The volatile oil from Piper longum L.had scavenging actions on free radicals in a concentration-dependent manner.(2)Forty one compounds were found in volatile oil from Piper longum L.growing in Hainan Province,in which the amount of carbon-carbon double bond(C=C) was in predomination.Conclusion Carbon-carbon double bond(C=C)is the essential functional group for free radical scavenging action of volatile oil from Piper longum L.