The effects of Acellular dermal matrix on the healing of 1 wall intrabony defects in dogs / 대한치주과학회지

Although the main purpose of periodontal treatment to regenerate is the complete regeneration of periodontal tissue due to periodontal disease, most of the treatment cannot meet such purpose because healing by long epithelial junction. Therefore, diverse materials of resorbable and non-resorbable have been used to regenerate the periodontal tissue. Due to high risk of exposure and necessity of secondary surgical procedure when using non-resorbable membrane, guided tissue regeneration using the resorbable membrane has gain popularity, recently. However, present resorbable membrane has the disadvantage of not having sufficient time to regenerate date to the difference of resorption rate according to surgical site. Meanwhile, other than the structure stability and facile manipulation, acellular dermal matrix has been reported to be a possible scaffold for cellular proliferation due to rapid revascularization and favorable physical properties for cellular attachment and proliferation. The purpose of this study is to estimate the influence of acellular dermal matrix on periodontal ligament, cementum and alveolar bone when acellular dermal matrix is implanted to 1-wall alveolar bone defect. 4 dogs of 12 to 16 month old irrelevant to sex , which below 15Kg of body weight, has been used in this study. ADM has been used for the material of guided tissue regeneration. The 3rd premolar of the lower jaw was extracted bilaterally and awaited for self-healing. subsequently buccal and lingual flap was elevated to form one wall intrabony defect with the depth and width of 4mm on the distal surface of 2nd premolar and the mesial surface of 4th premolar. After the removal of periodontal ligament by root planing. notch was formed on the basal position. Following the root surface treatment, while the control group had the flap sutured without any treatment on surgically induced intrabony defect. Following the root surface treatment, the flap of intrabony defect was sutured with the ADM inserted while the control group sutured without any insertion. The histologic specimen was observed after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The control group was partially regenerated by periodontal ligament, new cementum and new alveolar bone. the level of regeneration is not reached on the previous formed notch. but, experimental group was fully regenerated by functionally oriented periodontal ligament fiber, new cementum and new alveolar bone. In conclusion, we think that ADM seems to be used by scaffold for periodontal ligament cells and the matrix is expected to use on guided tissue regeneration.

The Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative and Calcium Sulfate Paste on the Healing of 1-Wall Intrabony Defects in Beagle Dogs / 대한치주과학회지

Recently, it was reported that enamel matrix derivative may be beneficial in periodontal regeneration procedures in expectation of promoting new bone and cementum formation. The aim of present study was to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative(Emdogain?)and Caso4 sulfate paste in 1-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs. Surgically created 1-wall intrabony defects were randomly assigned to receive root debridement alone or Emdogain(R) or Emdogain(R) and Caso4. Clinical defect size was 4 X 4mm. The control group was treated with root debridement alone,and Experimental group I was treated with enamel matrix derivative application, and Experimental group II was treated with enamel matrix derivative and Caso4 sulfate paste application,. The healing processes were histologically and histometrically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows : 1. The length of junctional epithelium was 0.41+/-0.01mm in the control group, 0.42+/-0.08mm in the experimental group I and 0.50+/-0.13mm in the experimental group II. 2. The connective tissue adhesion was 0.28+/-0.02 mm in the control group, 0.13+/-0.08mm in the experimental group I and 0.19+/-0.02 mm in the experimental group II. 3. The new cementum formation was 3.80+/-0.06 mm in the control group, 4.12+/-0.43mm in the experimental group I and 4.34+/-0.71mm in the experimental group II. 4. The new bone formation was 1.43+/-0.03mm in the control group, 1.53+/-0.47 mm in the experimental group I and 2.25+/-1.35mm in the experimental group II. Although there was limitation to present study, the use of enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of periodontal 1-wall intrabony defect enhanced new cementum and bone formation. Caso4 sulfate paste will be the candidate for carriers to deliver enamel matrix derivative, and so enhance the regenerative potency of enamel matrix derivative.

Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of the modified calcium sulfate paste on the 1-wall intrabony defects / 대한치주과학회지

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of modified calcium sulfate paste on periodontal regeneration. 1-wall intrabony defect(mesio-distal width: 4mm, depth: 4mm) was surgically created on the distal side of P2 and mesial side of P4 in four dogs. The control group(GFS) was treated with conventional flap operation alone, and the experimental group(CS) observations were as follows. 1. The length of the junctional epithelium was 0.41+/-0.0lmm in the control groups, 0.47+/-0.0lmm in the experimental group. 2. The connective tissue attachment was 0.28+/-0.02mm(6.15+/-0.28%) in the control group, 0.18+/-0.0lmm(3.41+/-0.14%) in the experimental group. The control group showed more connective tissue attachment. 3. The new cementum formation was 3.80+/-0.06mm(84.80+/-0.33%) in the control group, 4.49+/-0.06mm(87.57+/-0.15%) in the experimental group. Both groups showed a lot of new cementum formation. 4. The new bone formation was 1.43+/-0.03mm(32.37%) in the control group, 2.04+/-0.09%nm(40.94%) in the experiment group. 5. The inflamatory cells were observed partially around resorbed calcium sulfate in the connective tissue of the experimental group. 6. Partially resorbed calcium sulfate were found within the connective tissue, around alveolar bone, and in the newly formed alveolar bone, On the basis of these results, newly formed calcium sulfate paste enhanced new bone formation and new cementum formation. The resorption rate of calcium sulfate seems to he controlled by the add-in compounds. Thus research about biocompatibility and adequate resorptionrate is required to develop a improved material.

The Effects of rhBMP-2/ACS on the Periodontal Healing of 1-Wall Intrabony Defects in Dogs / 대한치주과학회지

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and bioactive molecule(such as growth factor and differentiation factors) to promote periodontal wound healing. Among the bioactive molecules, bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) was studied for periodontal wound healing. Since Urist demonstrated that demineralized bone matrix could induce the formation of cartilage and bone in ectopic site, many studies on BMP have been reported. Among those BMPs, it was reported that rhBMP-2 enhanced the healing of bone defects in animal studies and clinical studies. However, its efficacy in periodontal regeneration, especially 1-wall intrabony defects is still unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of rhBMP-2/ACS on the epithelial migration, gingival connective tissue adhesion, cementum formation, alveolar bone regeneration in intrabony defects of dogs. Four millimeter deep and four millimeter wide 1-wall defects were surgically created in the mesial aspects of the 3rd incisors. The test group received rhBMP-2/ACS with a flap procedure and the control underwent buffer/ACS with a flap procedure. Histologic analysis after 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The length of epithelial growth(the distance from alveolar crest to the apical end of JE) was 0.9+/-1.5mm in the control group and 1.2+/-1.4mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The length of connective tissue adhesion was 2.4+/-1.3mm in the control group and 1.2+/-1.1mm in the test group. The control group showed significantly enhanced adhesion(P<0.05). 3. The length of new cementum was 0.9+/-1.0mm in the control group and 1.7+/-0.8mm in the test group. The test group showed significantly enhanced cementum regeneration(P<0.05). 4. The length of new bone height was 1.9+/-0.6mm in the control group and 2.4+/-0.9mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 5. The new bone area was 4.7+/-1.7mm2 in the control group and 8.0+/- 2.0mm2 in the test group. The test group showed significantly enhanced bone formed area(P<0.05). 6. The new bone density was 73.0+/-8.6% in the control group and 66.6+/- 15.3% in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results suggest that the use of rhBMP-2 in 1-wall intrabony defects has significant effect on new cementum and new bone formation area, but doesn't have any significant effect on the prevention of junctional epithelium migration and new bone formation height.

The effects of bioactive glass on the periodontal healing of 1-wall intrabony defects in dogs / 대한치주과학회지

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue which has been lost due to destructive periodontal disease, and numerous kinds of materials and techniques have been developed to achieve this goal. Bone grafts include autografts, allografts, xenografts and synthetic grafts. Among the synthetic grafts, bioactive glass has been used in dentistry for more than ten years and Fetner reported improved new bone formation and more amount of new attachment after grafting PerioGlas , a kind of bioactive glass, in 2-wall defects of monkeys in 1994. It is well known that 1-wall defects have less osteogenic potential and more epithelial migration, so we need to study the effect of bioactive glass in 1-wall defects in dogs. The present study evaluates the effect of bioactive glass on the epithelial migration, alveolar bone regeneration, cementum formation and gingival connective tissue attachment in intrabony defects of dogs. Four millimeter deep and four millimeter wide 1-wall defects were surgically created in the mesial aspects of premolars. The test group received bioactive glass with a flap procedure and the control underwent flap procedure only. Histologic analysis after 8 weeks of healing revealed the following results: 1. The height of gingival margin was 1.30+/-0.73mm above CEJ in the control and 1.40+/-0.78mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 2. The length of epithelial growth(the distance from CEJ to the apical end of JE) was 1.74+/-0.47mm in the control and 1.12+/-0.36mm in the test group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.01) 3. The length of new cementum was 2.06+/-0.73mm in the control and 2.62+/-0.37mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. 4. The length of new bone was 1.83+/-0.74mm in the control and 2.39+/-0.59mm in the test group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. These results suggest that the use of bioactive glass in 1-wall intrabony defects has significant effect on the prevention of junctional epithelium migration, but doesn't have any significant effect on new bone and new cementum formation.

The effects of enamel matrix derivative on the healing of 1-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs / 대한치주과학회지

Guided tissue regeneration, bone graft procedures, and application of growth factors have been used to regenerate lost periodontal tissues. Recently, enamel matrix derivative has been introduced into periodontal regeneration procedures in expectation of promoting new bone and cementum formation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative in 1-wall intrabony defects in beagle dogs. For this purpose, each dog was anesthesized using intravenous anesthesia and mandibular 1st, 3rd premolars were extracted. 2 months later, the 1-wall intrabony defects(mesio-distal width; 4mm, depth; 4mm) were created on the distal side of 2nd premolars and mesial side of 4th premolars. The control group was treated with debridement alone,and experimental group was treated with debridement and enamel matrix derivative application. The healing processes were histologically and histometrically observed after 8 weeks and the results were as follows : 1. The length of junctional epithelium was 0.94+/-0.80mm in the control group, 0.57+/-0.42mm in the experimental group, with no statistically significant difference between groups. 2. The connective tissue attachment was 1.36+/-0.98mm in the control group, 0.38+/-0.43mm in the experimental group, with statistically significant difference between groups(P<0.05). 3. The new cementum formation was 2.49+/-1.06mm in the control group, 3.59+/-0.74mm in the experimental group, with statistically significant difference between groups(P<0.05). 4. The new bone formation was 1.92+/-0.97mm in the control group, 2.32+/-0.59mm in the experimental group, with no statistically significant difference between groups. Within the limitation to this study protocol, enamel matrix derivative application in 1-wall intrabony defect enhanced new cementum formation. Although there was no statistically significant difference, enamel matrix derivative also seems to be effective in inhibition of apical migration of junctional epithelium and new bone formation.