Species Specific Antiviral Activity of Porcine Interferon-α8 (IFNα8)

Interferons (IFNs) have been known as antiviral genes and they are classified by type 1, type 2, and type 3 IFN. The type 1 IFN consists of IFNα, IFNβ, IFNτ, and IFNω whereas the type 2 IFN consists of only IFNγ, which is a key cytokine driving T helper cell type 1 immunity. IFNλ belongs to the type 3 IFN, which is also known as IL-28 and IL-29 possessing antiviral activities. Type 1 IFN is produced by viral infection whereas type 2 IFN is induced by mitogenic or antigenic T-cell stimuli. The IFNτ of bovine was first discovered in an ungulate ruminant recognition hormone. IFNτ belongs to the type 1 IFN with the common feature of type 1 IFN such as antiviral activity. IFNs have been mostly studied for basic research and clinical usages therefore there was no effort to investigate IFNs in industrial animals. Here we cloned porcine IFNα8 from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of Korean domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica). The newly cloned IFNα8 amino acid sequence from Korean domestic pig shares 98.4% identity with the known porcine IFNα8 in databank. The recombinant porcine IFNα8 showed potent antiviral activity and protected bovine Madin-Darby bovine kidney epithelial (MDBK) cells from the cytopathic effect of vesicular stomatitis virus, but it failed to protect human Wistar Institute Susan Hayflick (WISH) cells and canine Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial-like (MDCK) cells. The present study demonstrates species specific antiviral activity of porcine IFNα8.

Effects of the peritoneal dialysate biocompatibility on the 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To examine the 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity and the peritoneal pathological changes when using commercially dialysates in order to reveal effects of the peritoneal dialysate biocompatibility on the immune function and morphological changes. METHODS: (1) CAPD animal models were made using dialysates. (2) Dynamic measurements of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activity were made by paper chromatography. (3)The pathological changes of the peritoneal mesothelial cells were examined by light microscope. RESULTS: 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase activities in both experimental (dialysis solution groups) and control group were increased and the mesothelial cell began to exfoliate and become thicker with the infiltration of inflammatory cells at different degrees in the experimental groups, while in the Baxter group, no active inflammation was observed. When the peritoneal dialysis stopped, activity of 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase began to be normal in control group and continued to decline in experimental groups.CONCLUSION: Prolonged immune suppression existed with long-term peritoneal dialysis, causing pathological changes of the peritoneum at certain degrees. Different dialysis solutions resulted in different degrees of immuno-supression and peritoneal damages, which was relevant to the biological compatibility of the peritoneal dialysate.