ABSTRACT
As a class of multifunctional biocatalysts, halohydrin dehalogenases are of great interest for the synthesis of chiral β-substituted alcohols and epoxides. There are less than 40 halohydrin dehalogenases with relatively clear catalytic functions, and most of them do not meet the requirements of scientific research and practical applications. Therefore, it is of great significance to excavate and identify more halohydrin dehalogenases. In the present study, a putative halohydrin dehalogenase (HHDH-Ra) from Rhodospirillaceae bacterium was expressed and its enzymatic properties were investigated. The HHDH-Ra gene was cloned into the expression host Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) and the target protein was shown to be soluble. Substrate specificity studies showed that HHDH-Ra possesses excellent specificity for 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and ethyl-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutyrate (CHBE). The optimum pH and temperature for HHDH-Ra with 1,3-DCP as the reaction substrate were 8.0 and 30 °C, respectively. HHDH-Ra was stable at pH 6.0-8.0 and maintained about 70% of its original activity after 100 h of treatment. The thermal stability results revealed that HHDH-Ra has a half-life of 60 h at 30 °C and 40 °C. When the temperature is increased to 50 °C, the enzyme still has a half-life of 20 h, which is much higher than that of the reported enzymes. To sum up, the novel halohydrin dehalogenase from Rhodospirillaceae bacterium possesses good temperature and pH stability as well as catalytic activity, and shows the potential to be used in the synthesis of chemical and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli/metabolism , Hydrolases/metabolism , Rhodospirillaceae , Substrate SpecificityABSTRACT
RESUMEN Presentamos un caso típico de Dermatosis Terra Firma-Forme en un adolescente sano de 13 años de edad, visto recientemente en el Servicio de Dermatología de nuestro hospital. Con este caso queremos mostrar las características clínicas de esta dermatosis que con frecuencia no es correctamente diagnosticada o bien pasa desapercibida durante años lo que origina preocupación y ansiedad en el paciente además de pruebas diagnósticas innecesarias. Su diagnóstico es clínico apoyado en la dermatoscopía y el tratamiento sencillo, presentando escasas recidivas.
SUMMARY We report a typical case of a Terra Firma-Forme Dermatosis in a 13-year-old healthy male recently seen in the Dermatology Department of our hospital. The aim of the authors is to show clinical features of this frequently misdiagnosed and underreported dermatosis causing concern and anxiety in the patient as well as unnecessary diagnostic tests. Its diagnosis is clinical supported by dermoscopy and its simple treatment presents few recurrences.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Skin Diseases/diagnosis , Hyperpigmentation/diagnosis , Keratinocytes/pathology , Hyperpigmentation/therapy , Diagnosis, DifferentialABSTRACT
Objective@#To establish a method for the determination of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine using headspace solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography.@*Methods@#The 1-methoxy-2-propanol was enriched by headspace solid phase micro-extraction fiber coated with carbene/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) . Single factor rotation method was used to optimize the conditions of extraction temperature, salt amount, and extraction time. The separation was performed on DB-5 (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm) capillary column and detected with flame ionization detector. The quantification was based on the standard curve.@*Results@#The concentration of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine was linear in the range of 0.50-10.0 mg/L, and the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9993. The detection limit of the method was 0.14 mg/L, and the limit of quantification was 0.45 mg/L. The recovery was 85.8% to 104.7%, and the RSD of intra- and inter-batch precision were 3.25%-6.65% and 0.81%-3.96%, respectively.@*Conclusion@#The method is high sensitivity and simple operation, and is suitable for the determination of 1-methoxy-2-propanol in urine of occupational exposure population.
ABSTRACT
Resumen: Las intoxicaciones agudas en los servicios de emergencia pediátrica ocupan un lugar importante dentro de la patología pediátrica de urgencia por su potencial riesgo vital. El Centro de Información y Asesoramiento Toxicológico (CIAT) recibe anualmente un promedio de 10.000 consultas, el 45% corresponde a la edad pediátrica. La intoxicación aguda por isopropanol es poco frecuente, pero potencialmente grave. El CIAT ha registrado 34 casos en los últimos cinco años. El alcohol isopropílico se encuentra en muchos productos de limpieza y desinfectantes. La intoxicación aguda se caracteriza inicialmente por síntomas digestivos. En la evolución pueden agregarse manifestaciones neurológicas: depresión de conciencia, hipotonía e hiporreflexia, asociada a hipoglicemia, gap osmolar elevado, cetonemia y cetonuria. En casos graves puede ocasionar hipotermia, hipotensión y arritmias. La acidosis metabólica es poco frecuente, a diferencia de otros alcoholes. En este caso, la toxicidad aguda es dependiente en gran medida de la formación de metabolitos. En este trabajo son isopropanol y acetona los responsables de las manifestaciones clínicas y alteraciones en los estudios de laboratorio. Se analizaron tres casos clínicos en niños de 96, 18 y 15 meses. Los tres casos evolucionaron de forma favorable en 72-96 horas, y, como se refiere en la literatura, el pronóstico en general es bueno y sin secuelas. El abordaje de estos pacientes en la urgencia se basa en la aplicación del triángulo de evaluación pediátrica y la secuencia A, B, C, D, E con el propósito de identificar en forma precoz la necesidad de realizar correcciones metabólicas o soporte de funciones.
Summary: Acute poisoning in pediatric emergency services is an important part of the emergency pediatric pathology due to its potential risk. CIAT receives an average of 10,000 consultations annually, 45% of which are from children. Acute isopropanol poisoning is rare but potentially serious. CIAT has recorded 34 cases in the last 5 years. Isopropyl alcohol is found in many cleaning products and disinfectants. Acute poisoning is initially characterized by digestive symptoms. Some neurological manifestations may arise during the acute poisoning evolution, such as, depression of consciousness, hypotonia and hyporeflexia, associated with hypoglycemia, elevated osmolar gap, ketonemia and ketoneuria. In severe cases, it can cause hypothermia, hypotension and arrhythmia. Metabolic acidosis is rare, unlike what happens with other alcohols. In this case, acute toxicity largely depends on the formation of metabolites; in this case, isopropanol and acetone are responsible for clinical manifestations and alterations in laboratory studies. We hereby present three clinical cases of children aged 96, 18 and 15 months. The three cases evolved favorably in 72-96 hours and, as described in the literature, the prognosis in general is good and without sequelae. The approach to these patients in the emergency ward was the pediatric evaluation triangle and the A, B, C, D, E sequence in order to identify early the need to perform metabolic corrections and / or support functions.
Resumo: As intoxicações agudas nos serviços de emergência pediátrica ocupam um lugar importante na patologia pediátrica de emergência devido ao seu risco potencial para a vida. O CIAT recebe, em média, 10.000 consultas anualmente, 45% de pacientes pediátricos. A intoxicação aguda por isopropanol é rara, mas potencialmente grave. O CIAT registrou 34 casos nos últimos 5 anos. O álcool isopropílico encontra-se em vários produtos de limpeza e desinfetantes. O envenenamento agudo é inicialmente caracterizado por sintomas digestivos. Na evolução do envenamento, podem aparecer manifestações neurológicas: depressão da consciência, hipotonia e hiporreflexia, associadas à hipoglicemia, gap osmolar elevado, cetonemia e cetoneúria. Em casos graves, pode causar hipotermia, hipotensão e arritmias. A acidose metabólica é rara, diferentemente do que acontece com outros álcoois. Nesse caso, a toxicidade aguda depende em grande parte da formação de metabólitos; neste caso, isopropanol e acetona são responsáveis pelas manifestações clínicas e alterações em estudos laboratoriais. Analisaram-se três casos clínicos em crianças de 96, 18 e 15 meses. Os três casos evoluíram favoravelmente em 72-96 horas e, como relatamos na literatura, o prognóstico em geral é bom e sem sequelas. A abordagem desses pacientes na emergência foi a aplicação do triângulo de avaliação pediátrica na sequência A, B, C, D, E, a fim de identificar precocemente a necessidade de realizar correções metabólicas e / ou suporte de funções.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the free hexafluoro-isopropanol (HFIP) concentrations in whole blood of patients inhaling different concentrations of sevoflurane and further evaluate the relationship with e-mergence agitation. Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, scheduled for elective laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery, were divided into 3 groups according to the inhaled conentration of sevoflurane using a random number table: 0. 86％group (group S1 , n= 13), 1. 71％ group (group S2 , n= 14) and 2. 57％ group (group S3 , n = 13). In S1 , S2 and S3 groups, the corresponding concentrations of sevoflurane were inhaled, remifentanil (target concentration 4-6 ng∕ml) was given by target-controlled infusion, and propofol (4-12 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 ) and cisatracurium 0. 1 mg·kg-1 ·h-1 were infused intravenously at the same time, and sevoflurane was in-haled for 3 h, and then inhalation was stopped. At 30 min and 1, 2 and 3 h of sevoflurane inhalation and 1, 3 and 5 h after stopping inhalation, central venous blood samples were collected for determination of free HFIP concentrations in whole blood by the method of two-stage headspace equilibration. The recovery time for spontaneous breathing, time for eye opening on verbal command, extubation time and development of agitation and moderate pain within 4 h after extubation were recorded. Results Free HFIP concentrations in whole blood peaked at 1 of inhalation, then gradually decreased, and the concentrations decreased con-tinuously after stopping inhalation in the three groups (P<0. 05). Compared with S1 group, free HFIP con-centrations in whole blood were significantly increased at each time point in S2 group, and free HFIP con-centrations in whole blood were decreased during inhalation and at 1 h after stopping inhalation in S3 group (P<0. 05). Compared with S2 group, free HFIP concentrations in whole blood were significantly decreased at each time point in S3 group (P<0. 05). The recovery time of spontaneous breathing, time for eye open-ing on verbal commands and extubation time were significantly longer in S3 group than in the other two groups (P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of agitation or moderate pain among the three groups (P>0. 05). Conclusion Free HFIP concentrations in whole blood increase with the in-crease in inhaled sevoflurane concentrations, however, production of free HFIP is markedly inhibited when the inhaled concentration reaches 2. 57％, and free HFIP concentrations in whole blood decrease; free HFIP had nothing to do with the emergence agitation in patients.
ABSTRACT
In this study, the potential hepatotoxicity of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol and its hepatotoxic mechanisms in rats was investigated. The test chemical was administered orally to male rats at 0, 27.5, 55, and 110 mg/kg body weight. 1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol administration caused acute hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by an increase in serum aminotransferases, total cholesterol, and total bilirubin levels and a decrease in serum glucose concentration in a dose-dependent manner with corresponding histopathological changes in the hepatic tissues. The significant increase in malondialdehyde content and the significant decrease in glutathione content and antioxidant enzyme activities indicated that 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol-induced hepatic damage was mediated through oxidative stress, which caused a dose-dependent increase of hepatocellular apoptotic changes in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay and immunohistochemical analysis for caspase-3. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases caused by 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol possibly involved in hepatocellular apoptotic changes in rat liver. Furthermore, 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol induced an inflammatory response through activation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling that coincided with the induction of pro-inflammatory mediators or cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results demonstrate that hepatotoxicity may be related to oxidative stress-mediated activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and nuclear factor-kappa B-mediated inflammatory response.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Male , Rats , Bilirubin , Blood Glucose , Body Weight , Caspase 3 , Cholesterol , Cytokines , Glutathione , Liver , Malondialdehyde , Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Oxidative Stress , Phosphorylation , TransaminasesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of three surface friction techniques for the removal of organic material. A quantitative, descriptive and exploratory study was developed to evaluate the presence or not of organic material before and after the cleaning and disinfection process of surfaces of bedside tables of patients hospitalized at an Intensive Care Unit. Three friction techniques were executed in the one-way, two-way and centrifugal sense, individually, three times on each table, during alternate weeks. For each patient unit and friction technique, a single table and three sides of cloth were used, moistened with 70% (w/v) alcohol. The organic matter was detected through the presence of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence, using 3M(tm) Clean-Trace(tm) ATP Systems. For each technique, 13 samples were collected before and 13 after the cleaning/disinfection process, totaling 78 samples of adenosine triphosphate by bioluminescence. No statistically significant difference was found among the removal techniques of organic matter. This study demonstrated that none of the three surface friction methods was better than the other to remove organic matter. Nevertheless, further research is needed in which other cleaning/disinfection indicators and surfaces are considered.
RESUMEN Se objetivó evaluar la eficacia de tres técnicas de fricción de superficie para remoción de materia orgánica. Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio sobre evaluación de la presencia o no de materia orgánica antes y después del proceso de limpieza/desinfección de la superficie de mesillas de noche de pacientes internados en una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Tres técnicas de fricción en sentido unidireccional, bidireccional y centrífuga fueron ejecutadas individualmente tres veces para cada mesilla, en semanas alternadas. Para cada unidad de paciente y técnica de fricción, una única mesilla y paño, utilizando 3 faces y humedecido con alcohol a 70% (p/v) fueron utilizados. La materia orgánica fue detectada por la presencia de trifosfato de adenosina por bioluminescencia, utilizando el sistema 3M(tm) Clean-Trace(tm) ATP Systems. Para cada técnica, 13 muestras fueron recolectadas antes y 13 después del proceso de limpieza/desinfección, totalizando 78 recolectas de trifosfato de adenosina por bioluminescencia. No fueron constatadas diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las técnicas en la remoción de materia orgánica. Este estudio demostró que ningún de los tres métodos de fricción de superficie fue mejor que los otros en la remoción de materia orgánica. Sin embargo, estudios adicionales son necesarios, considerando otros indicadores de limpieza/desinfección y superficies.
RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de três técnicas de fricção de superfície para remoção de matéria orgânica. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado antes e após o processo de limpeza/desinfecção das mesas de cabeceiras da unidade de pacientes. Três técnicas de fricção em sentido unidirecional, bidirecional e centrífuga, realizadas individualmente para cada mesa, foram executadas. Para cada unidade de paciente e técnica de fricção, uma única mesa e pano umedecido com álcool a 70% (p/v) foi empregado. A matéria orgânica foi detectada pela presença de trifosfato de adenosina por bioluminescência utilizando o sistema 3M(tm) Clean-Trace(tm) ATP Systems. Para cada técnica, 13 amostras foram coletadas antes, e 13, após o processo de limpeza/desinfecção, totalizando 78 colheitas. Não se constatou diferença entre as técnicas na remoção de matéria orgânica. Este estudo demonstrou que as três técnicas de fricção de superfície são equivalentes. No entanto, estudos adicionais considerando outros indicadores e superfícies são necessários.
Subject(s)
Humans , Comparative Study , Adenosine Triphosphate , Disinfection , Environmental Monitoring , 2-Propanol , Housekeeping, HospitalABSTRACT
to assess the efficiency of cleaning/disinfection of surfaces of an Intensive Care Unit. descriptive-exploratory study with quantitative approach conducted over the course of four weeks. Visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological indicators were used to indicate cleanliness/disinfection. Five surfaces (bed rails, bedside tables, infusion pumps, nurses' counter, and medical prescription table) were assessed before and after the use of rubbing alcohol at 70% (w/v), totaling 160 samples for each method. Non-parametric tests were used considering statistically significant differences at p<0.05. after the cleaning/disinfection process, 87.5, 79.4 and 87.5% of the surfaces were considered clean using the visual inspection, bioluminescence adenosine triphosphate and microbiological analyses, respectively. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the disapproval rates after the cleaning process considering the three assessment methods; the visual inspection was the least reliable. the cleaning/disinfection method was efficient in reducing microbial load and organic matter of surfaces, however, these findings require further study to clarify aspects related to the efficiency of friction, its frequency, and whether or not there is association with other inputs to achieve improved results of the cleaning/disinfection process.
avaliar a eficiência da limpeza/desinfecção de superfícies de uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. trata-se de estudo descritivo-exploratório com abordagem quantitativa, realizado durante quatro semanas. Utilizaram-se como indicadores para limpeza/desinfecção a avaliação visual, trifosfato de adenosina por bioluminescência e indicador microbiológico. Foram avaliadas, antes e depois da aplicação de álcool a 70% (p/v), cinco superfícies, grade da cama, mesa de cabeceira, bomba de infusão, balcão de enfermagem e mesa de prescrição médica, totalizando 160 amostras para cada método. Utilizaram-se testes não paramétricos, considerando-se diferença estatisticamente significativa para p<0,05. após o processo de limpeza/desinfecção, 87,5, 79,4 e 87,5% das superfícies foram consideradas limpas utilizando os métodos de monitoramento visual, trifosfato de adenosina por bioluminescência e microbiológico, respectivamente. Houve redução estatisticamente significante nas taxas de reprovação após o processo, considerando os três métodos de avaliação. A avaliação visual foi o método menos confiável. o processo de limpeza/desinfecção foi eficiente na redução da carga microbiana e matéria orgânica das superfícies, no entanto, esses achados podem contribuir para estudos adicionais, a fim de elucidar aspectos relacionados à técnica de fricção, sua frequência e associação ou não com outros insumos com o objetivo de alcançar melhores resultados no processo de limpeza/desinfecção.
evaluar la eficiencia de la limpieza/desinfección de superficies de una Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. se trata de estudio descriptivo exploratorio con abordaje cuantitativo, realizado durante cuatro semanas. Se utilizaron como indicadores para limpieza/desinfección la evaluación visual, el trifosfato de adenosina por bioluminiscencia y el indicador microbiológico. Fueron evaluadas, antes y después de la aplicación de alcohol a 70% (p/v), cinco superficies: baranda de la cama, mesa de cabecera, bomba de infusión, mostrador de enfermería y mesa de prescripción médica, totalizando 160 muestras para cada método. Se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas, considerando como diferencia estadísticamente significativa p<0,05. después del proceso de limpieza/desinfección, 87,5, 79,4 y 87,5% de las superficies fueron consideradas limpias utilizando los métodos de monitorización visual, trifosfato de adenosina por bioluminiscencia y microbiológico, respectivamente. Considerando los tres métodos de evaluación, se constató reducción estadísticamente significativa en las tasas de reprobación después del proceso. La evaluación visual fue el método menos confiable. el proceso de limpieza/desinfección fue eficiente en la reducción de la carga microbiana y materia orgánica de las superficies, sin embargo, esos hallazgos pueden contribuir para realizar estudios adicionales, con el objetivo de elucidar aspectos relacionados a la técnica de fricción, su frecuencia y asociación o no con otros insumos con el objetivo de alcanzar mejores resultados en el proceso de limpieza/desinfección.
Subject(s)
Disinfection/methods , Disinfection/standards , Hospitals , Intensive Care Units , Adenosine Triphosphate/analysis , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the disinfectant effectiveness of alcohol 70% (w/v) using friction, without previous cleaning, on work surfaces, as a concurrent disinfecting procedure in Health Services. METHOD: An experimental, randomized and single-blinded laboratory study was undertaken. The samples were enamelled surfaces, intentionally contaminated with Serratia marcescens microorganisms ATCC 14756 106 CFU/mL with 10% of human saliva added, and were submitted to the procedure of disinfection WITHOUT previous cleaning. The results were compared to disinfection preceded by cleaning. RESULTS: There was a reduction of six logarithms of the initial microbial population, equal in the groups WITH and WITHOUT previous cleaning (p=0.440) and a residual microbial load ≤ 102 CFU. CONCLUSION: The research demonstrated the acceptability of the practice evaluated, bringing an important response to the area of health, in particular to Nursing, which most undertakes procedures of concurrent cleaning /disinfecting of these work surfaces. .
OBJETIVO: avaliar a eficácia desinfetante do álcool 70% (p/v) sob fricção, sem limpeza prévia, nas superfícies de trabalho, como procedimento de desinfecção concorrente em Serviços de Saúde. MÉTODO: foi desenvolvido estudo experimental laboratorial, randomizado e unicegado. As amostras foram constituídas de superfícies esmaltadas, intencionalmente contaminadas com microrganismos Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 106 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias/mL, acrescidos de 10% de saliva humana, e submetidas ao procedimento de desinfecção sem limpeza prévia. Os resultados foram comparados à desinfecção precedida da limpeza. RESULTADOS: houve redução de seis logaritmos da população microbiana inicial, igualmente nos grupos com e sem limpeza prévia (p=0,440) e uma carga microbiana residual ≤ 102 Unidades Formadoras de Colônias. CONCLUSÃO: a pesquisa demonstrou a aceitabilidade da prática avaliada, trazendo importante resposta para a área da saúde, especialmente à enfermagem, que mais executa os procedimentos de limpeza/desinfecção concorrentes dessas superfícies de trabalho. .
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la eficacia desinfectante de alcohol al 70% (p/v) por fricción, sin limpieza previa, en las superficies de trabajo, como procedimiento de desinfección cotidiana o de rutina en Servicios de Salud. MÉTODO: Fue desarrollado un estudio experimental de laboratorio, aleatorio y uni-ciego. Las muestras fueron obtenidas de superficies esmaltadas, intencionalmente contaminadas con microorganismos Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756 106 UFC/mL acrecido con 10% de saliva humana, sometidas al procedimiento de desinfección SIN limpieza previa. Los resultados fueron comparados a la desinfección después de limpieza. RESULTADOS: Hubo una reducción de seis logaritmos de la población microbiana inicial, igualmente en los grupos COM y SIN limpieza previa (p=0,440) y una carga microbiana residual ≤ 102 UFC. CONCLUSIÓN: La investigación demostró que es aceptable la práctica evaluada ofreciendo así una importante respuesta para el área de la salud, especialmente para la Enfermería, que es la que más ejecuta procedimientos de limpieza/desinfección cotidiana o de rutina de esas superficies de trabajo. .
Subject(s)
Disinfection/standards , Ethanol , Equipment Contamination/prevention & control , Single-Blind MethodABSTRACT
Inosiplex is a compound formulation composed of inosine and p-acetaminobenzoic acid (PABA) salt of N,N-dimethylamino-2-propanol (DIP). This study was to investigate the clinical plasma pharmacokinetic properties of DIP and PABA after single and multiple oral doses of inosiplex tablets in healthy Chinese volunteers. The established LC/MS/MS method for plasma DIP determination had a linear range of 0.02-10 mg/mL, and the HPLC method for plasma PABA determination had a linear range of 0.05-40 mg/mL. Linear pharmacokinetic characteristics were found with single oral doses of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g. No obvious accumulation effects were observed for DIP and PABA.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Ethanol is the most common toxic substance encountered clinically and is becoming increasingly important in forensic medicine. Generally, pre-treatment with an alcohol disinfectant such as isopropyl alcohol for blood sampling could influence evaluations and affect legal evidence. This study was performed to determine whether isopropyl alcohol affects the serum ethanol level. METHODS: Volunteers were prohibited from drinking alcohol and taking medication for 48 hours prior to participating. Pregnant volunteers and volunteers with abnormal liver enzymes or abnormal kidney function were excluded. Enrolled subjects had their blood collected from each arm to measure the alcohol concentration, one side was disinfected with povidone iodine and the other with isopropyl alcohol. After waiting one hour, they ingested 20g of alcohol and waited. After one hour, the serum ethanol levels were measured using the same method as the first sampling. RESULTS: Ten volunteers enrolled for this study. Without the alcohol intake, all serum ethanol levels were in the nondetectable range(<3 mg/dL) for both samples with either isopropyl alcohol or povidone iodine. After drinking alcohol, the serum ethanol level varied among individuals; the mean value of the serum ethanol levels in the alcohol preparation group was 21.08+/-4.85 mg/dL, which was significantly greater than that of the povidone iodine preparation group (19.71+/-5.47 mg/dL) (p=0.006). However, the Bland-Altman analysis showed that the precision of both groups was 1.230 mg/dL, which was less than the measurement error of the equipment (3.48 mg/dL). Therefore, there was no significant difference between the two groups with regard to the measurement error. CONCLUSION: Before alcohol intake, there was no influence on the blood alcohol concentration from the alcohol disinfection, and the result was reliable. After alcohol intake, the possible influence of pre-treatment alcohol on the serum ethanol level was less than the measurement error of the equipment used.