Infancia y pandemia: Crónica de una ausencia anunciada / Childhood and the pandemic: Chronicle of an absence foretold

RESUMEN La infancia es el sur del virus, como ha visibilizado la pandemia de COVID-19: un mundo donde el cuidado no es un valor escogido desde el deseo, y donde la voz infantil es silenciada en virtud de una injusticia epistémica ancestral. Así, la transformación que las sociedades humanas están experimentando debido a la COVID-19 ha impactado significativamente en los derechos de la infancia, a niveles micro y macro. En España, como país especialmente golpeado por la pandemia, encontramos que tanto la primera infancia (a través especialmente de la violencia obstétrica) como ella misma en todas sus fases, están siendo víctimas de un paradigma adultocéntrico de control e injusticia epistémica basales. En este ensayo se analiza y discute algunas de las consecuencias negativas observadas en este país con relación al cuidado y el confinamiento de menores y sus familias, acaecidas a raíz de la pandemia, considerando que la crisis desencadenada por la COVID-19 puede ser una oportunidad para visibilizar situaciones de injusticia ancestral para con la niñez

ABSTRACT As the COVID-19 pandemic has made visible, childhood is the virus's proverbial south: a world where care is not a value chosen from a place of desire, and where children's voices are silenced at the hands of an ancestral epistemic injustice. Thus, the transformation that human societies are undergoing due to COVID-19 has significantly impacted the rights of children, both at the micro and the macro levels. In Spain - a country that has been particularly hard-hit by the pandemic - we find that both infancy (especially through obstetric violence) and childhood at all its stages fall victim to an adultcentric paradigm based on control and epistemic injustice. This essay analyzes and discusses some of the negative consequences observed in this country related to the care for and the confinement of minors and their families - which has occurred as a result of the pandemic - and considers that the crisis triggered by COVID-19 may be an opportunity to shed light on situations of ancestral injustice towards children.

Aplicación del modelo matemático SEIR en la pandemia por Covid-19, relevancia en salud pública / Application of the SEIR mathematical model in the Covid-19 pandemic, relevance in public health / Aplicação do modelo matemático SEIR na pandemia de Covid-19, relevância em saúde pública

INTRODUCCIÓN: El pasado 11 de marzo del 2020 la OMS (Organización Mundial para la Salud) realizó la declaratoria de pandemia por Sars-Cov 2, un nuevo coronavirus identificado en China a finales del 2019. Hasta la actualidad el virus se ha diseminado rápidamente en varios países poniendo a prueba los sistemas de salud de los mismos. Los modelos epidemiológicos matemáticos como SEIR (susceptible, expuesto, infectado, removido) han sido utilizados durante años para la gestión y estudio de enfermedades infecciosas. OBJETIVO: describir las características del modelo matemático SEIR y su aplicación en la gestión de la pandemia con su implicación en las decisiones de salud pública. METODOLOGÍA: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de artículos originales escritos en español o inglés y publicados entre 2015-2020, sobre modelos matemáticos y de tipo SEIR, la relación con las enfermedades infecciosas, la pandemia por Covid-19 e influencia en las decisiones en salud pública. La búsqueda se realizó en las bases de datos google scholar, Medline, Science Direct. No se hicieron restricciones respecto al tipo de estudio. RESULTADOS: el modelamiento matemático para enfermedades infecciosas de tipo SEIR se utiliza como herramienta de predicción para la toma decisiones y deben valorarse objetivamente. Una opción para evaluar las ecuaciones y graficar sus resultados del modelo es el uso del software MATLAB. CONCLUSIÓN: se destaca su aporte en la comprensión del avance de la pandemia por Covid-19 y la influencia en la toma de decisiones para diseñar estrategias de prevención y respuesta en salud pública.

INTRODUCTION: on March 11, 2020, the WHO (World Health Organization) declared a pandemic for Sars-Cov 2, a new coronavirus identified in China at the end of 2019. Until now, the virus has spread rapidly in several countries testing their health systems. Mathematical epidemiological models such as SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infected, removed) have been used for years for the management and study of infectious diseases. OBJETIVE: to describe the characteristics of the SEIR mathematical model and its application in pandemic management with its implication in public health decisions. METHODOLOGY: a bibliographic review was carried out of original articles written in Spanish or English and published between 2015-2020 on mathematical and SEIR-type models, the relationship with infectious diseases, the Covid-19 pandemic and influence on health decisions public. The search was carried out in the google scholar, Medline, Science Direct databases. There were no restrictions regarding the type of study. RESULTS: mathematical modeling for infectious diseases of the SEIR type is used as a prediction tool for decision making and should be objectively assessed. One option for evaluating the equations and graphing your model results is to use MATLAB software. CONCLUSION: their contribution to understanding the progress of the Covid-19 pandemic and the influence on decision-making to design prevention and response strategies in public health is highlighted.

INTRODUÇÃO: em 11 de março de 2020, a OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde) declarou uma pandemia de Sars-Cov 2, um novo coronavírus identificado na China no final de 2019. Até agora, o vírus se espalhou rapidamente em vários países testando sua saúde sistemas. Modelos epidemiológicos matemáticos comoo SEIR (suscetível, exposto, infectado, removido) são usados há anos para o gerenciamento e estudo de doenças infecciosas. OBJETIVO: descrever as características do modelo matemático SEIR e sua aplicação na gestão de pandemias com sua implicação nas decisões de saúde pública. METODOLOGIA: foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de artigos originais escritos em espanhol ou inglês e publicados entre 2015-2020, sobre modelos matemáticos e do tipo SEIR, a relação com doenças infecciosas, a pandemia de Covid-19e a influência nas decisões de saúde públicas. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados google scholar, Medline, Science Direct. Não houve restrições quanto ao tipo de estudo. RESULTADOS: A modelagem matemática para doenças infecciosas do tipo SEIR é utilizada como ferramenta de previsão para a tomada de decisão e deve ser avaliada objetivamente. Uma opção para avaliar as equações e representar graficamente os resultados do seu modelo é usar o software MATLAB. CONCLUSÃO: destaca-se a contribuição deles para a compreensão do progresso da pandemia Covid-19 e a influência na tomada de decisões para a formulação de estratégias de prevenção e resposta em saúde pública

Comparison and analysis of the detection performance of six new coronavirus nucleic acid detection reagents / 重庆医学

Objective To compare and analyse the detection performance of different 2019-new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid detection kits, in order to provide references for laboratory. Methods Six kinds of domestic reagents (A—F reagent) were selected for parallel detection of a series of samples from one patient in this hospital whose 2019-nCoV nucleic acid result was confirmed weakly positive. The samples were taken at three different times, the RNAs were extracted and amplified, and two parallel tests were performed each time by use of these six kits. The detection performance was compared according to the results of each kit. Results The three parallel test results (ORF1ab and N gene) of C and F reagents were positive, the results of D reagent showed the N gene was not detected, and the results of A, B, E reagents showed the ORF1ab gene was not detected sometimes. The reproducibility of in-batch detections by C reagent was the best, and the CT values of F reagents (N and ORF1ab), E reagents (ORF1ab) and A reagents (ORF1ab) showed changes in trend. Conclusion There are differences in the detection ability of six 2019-nCoV nucleic acid detection reagents for weakly positive samples, and the accuracy, sensitivity and reproducibility of some reagents are not good. There is an urgent need to further optimize and improve their performance in order to better meet the needs of large-scale screening.

Advantages and challenges of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) in the detection of 2019 novel coronavirus / 中华检验医学杂志

As one of the two methods for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), gene sequencing is different from quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) in detection principles. Therefore, gene sequencing has its own pros and cons in clinical application. Currently, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is the most commonly used technology in clinical application. Due to its broad coverage of all types of pathogens, mNGS demonstrates incomparable advantage in rapid identification of novel pathogens such as 2019-nCoV. In addition, it can simultaneously identify other pathogens except 2019-nCoV and mixed infections. On the other hand, however, due to the complexity of mNGS and long detection time, it is unlikely to achieve the purpose of wide-range and rapid diagnosis of 2019 n-CoV. Therefore, mNGS can complement RT-PCR to achieve best clinical application.