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Introduction: the first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 26, 2020. As of March 17, 2023, the Ministry of Health reported 699,634 deaths from COVID-19, with a case fatality rate of 1.9%. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil extends to socioeconomic and healthcare systems, reflecting significant regional disparities. Objective: To analyze mortality, incidence, and case fatality rates for COVID-19 in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, in the southern region of Brazil. Methods: This is an ecological time-series study using official Brazilian secondary data for COVID-19 cases and deaths. Data were extracted from the dashboard of the State Health Department of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Temporal series were developed for trend analysis using the Prais-Winsten regression model. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14.0 software (College Station, TX, USA, 2013). Results: In the analysis of rates over the entire period, trends for mortality, case fatality, and incidence in the state of Santa Catarina are decreasing, decreasing, and stationary, respectively. In Paraná, rates over the entire period showed a stationary trend for mortality, decreasing for case fatality, and increasing for incidence. Conclusion: COVID-19 had a devastating effect on the states of Santa Catarina and Paraná. Both states experienced the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic, with higher case fatality and mortality rates observed in Paraná, while Santa Catarina had a higher incidence rate over the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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The World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion (WFAS) General Assembly and International Conference were held online in combination with on-site administration in Singapore on 18th-20th, November 2022. Members of the new Executive Committee (the 10th EC) were elected and future host cities were discussed in the General Assembly. Activities during the 9th EC term including collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), activities in the standardization working committee, financial report and proposals from EC members were reviewed in the 9th EC meeting which was held prior to the General Assembly. In the present article, we report the results of the EC meeting and the General Assembly and key topics from the International Conference.
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Resumen (analítico) La corresponsabilidad de los hombres en el trabajo de cuidados es una temática relevante en los estudios feministas y de masculinidades, pues una paternidad activa contribuye a la igualdad de género. El objetivo del estudio fue describir las representaciones sobre la paternidad entre estudiantes universitarias/os. La metodología fue cualitativa, con entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve hombres y nueve mujeres de diferentes carreras. Entre los principales resultados están que la paternidad aún se encuentra en un proceso de cambio sociocultural de representaciones relacionadas con la reproducción y el vínculo con las/os hijas/os. Permanecen representaciones que relevan la proveeduría económica mixturándose con la creciente demanda de cercanía emocional; y la trascendencia al procrear se combina con cuestionamientos sobre la paternidad como eje de la identidad masculina y del proyecto de vida de hombres.
Abstract (analytical) Men's coresponsibility in the area of childcare is an important issue in both feminist studies and studies of masculinity as active paternity contributes to gender equality. The objective of this study was to describe representations of paternity among university students. The methodology was qualitative, with semistructured interviews of 9 male and 9 female students from different degrees. One of the main findings was that representations of paternity are still undergoing a process of sociocultural change related to views of reproduction and the formation of bonds with children. Representations still persist that focus on the provision of economic support mixed with the growing demand for emotional closeness. The significance of procreation is combined with questioning as to whether paternity should be seen as a fundamental component of masculine identity and men's life projects.
Resumo (analítico) A corresponsabilização do homem no trabalho do cuidado é uma questão relevante nos estudos feministas e de masculinidade, uma vez que a paternidade ativa contribui para a igualdade de gênero. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever as representações sobre a paternidade entre estudantes universitários. A metodologia foi qualitativa, com entrevistas semiestruturadas com 9 homens e 9 mulheres de diferentes carreiras. Entre os principais resultados estão que a paternidade ainda está em processo de mudança sociocultural das representações relacionadas à reprodução e ao vínculo com os filhos. Permanecem representações que revelam a oferta econômica mesclada com a crescente demanda por proximidade emocional; e a transcendência da procriação se alia às questões sobre a paternidade como eixo da identidade masculina e do projeto de vida dos homens.
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Este Plan de Acción es el resultado de un trabajo articulado por el Ministerio de Salud con actores sociales de diferentes sectores, realizado con el fin de aportar al avance en el cumplimiento de la meta nacional planteada en dicha Estrategia: detener el aumento de la tasa de mortalidad por ENT en el país al año 2030. El Plan establece acciones para favorecer la promoción de la salud, la prevención, atención y rehabilitación de las personas con ENT, considerando la complejidad del fenómeno y la necesidad de un abordaje multisectorial.
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Humans , National Health Strategies , Risk Factors , Noncommunicable Diseases/prevention & control , Obesity Management , Costa RicaABSTRACT
@#The National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) released the latest version 1, 2022 of "NCCN guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of small cell lung cancer" (hereinafter referred to as "guideline"). Based on high-quality evidence-based medicine, this guideline provides references of clinical diagnosis and treatment for clinicians around the world. Compared with the version 3, 2021 of the "guideline", updates and revisions mainly focused on the progress of radiotherapy and systemic treatment. This article will interpret the updated therapy content in this new version of the "guideline".
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Objective: To study the chemical composition from the leaves of Panax japonicus var. major. Methods: Column chromatographies (including macroporous resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS) and semi-preparative HPLC were used to separate the constituents. The structures were elucidated by the analysis of spectral data and chemical properties. Results: Three compounds were isolated and elucidated as dammar-20(21),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (1), dammar-20(22) Z,24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (2), and 3-O-[-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-23E,25-diene- 20(S)-protopanoxadiol (3). Conclusion: Compound 1 and 2 was obtained from the plant for the first time. And compound 3 named as majoroside Z is a new triterpenoid saponin.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of alkaline hydrolysates of total saponins from the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and the chemical structures were identified by NMR and MS spectra analyses. Results: A total of 30 compounds were isolated and identified. Among them, 28 were determined as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (1), 20(R)-protopanaxadiol (2), dammar-20(21),24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (3), dammar-20(22)E,24-diene-3β,6α,12β-triol (4), 20(S)-protopanaxatriol (5), 20(R)-protopanaxatriol (6), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh2 (7), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh2 (8), ginsenoside Rh16 (9), isoginsenoside Rh3 (10), 20(S)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (11), 20(R)-dammar-3β,6α,12β,20,25-pentol (12), ginsenoside Rk3 (13), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rh1 (14), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh1 (15), ginsenoside F1 (16), ginsenoside Rh19 (17), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rh19 (18), dammar-20(22)E-ene-3β,6α,12β,25-tetrol (19), notoginsenoside T2 (20), ginsenoside Rg6 (21), 20(22)E-ginsenoside F4 (22), ginsenoside Rk1 (23), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (24), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (25), 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg2 (26), 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg2 (27), and 3β,6α,12β,25-tetrahydroxy-dammar-20(22)E-ene-6-O-α-L-rhamno- pyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (28). Conclusion: Compound 18 is a new saponin. Compounds 3, 4, 11, 12, and 19 are rare dammarane-type triterpenes, and 7-10, 13-18, and 20-28 are rare ginsenosides.
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Objective: To study the chemical constituents of saponins in the stems and leaves of Panax ginseng. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and their structures were identified by NMR and MS data analysis. Results: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as 3β,6α,12β,25-tetrahydroxy-dammar-E-20(22)-ene-6-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), sanchinoside B1 (2), 3β,6α,12β-dammar-E-20(22)-ene-3,6,12,25-tetraol (3), ginsenoside Rk3 (4), ginsenoside Rh4 (5), notoginsenoside T2 (6), 3β,6α,12β-dammar-20(21),24-diene-3,6,12-triol (7), ginsenoside Rk1 (8), and ginsenoside Rg5 (9). Conclusion: Compound 1 is a new natural product and the other eight compounds are all isolated from the stems and leaves of P. ginseng for the first time.