ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe the changes of 5-HT1B and D1DR expression in nucleus of SNr/GPi-VL-SMA pathway in pre and post-exhaustive exercise,and investigate the central mechanism of SNr/GPi-VL-SMA pathway modulating the occurrence and development of exercise-induced fatigue.Method:Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group (CG),immediately after exhaustion group (EG),and 90min after recovery group (RG),each consists of 8 rats.The expression level of 5-HT1B and D1DR receptors in each group were observed with the immunohistochemistry technique.Result:Compared with CG,the positive cell area/scanning area value (R value) and the average optical density value (AOD value) of 5-HT1B receptor in SNr and GPi of the EG and RG rats both decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05),while the R value and AOD value of D1DR both increased significantly(P＜ 0.05).The R value and AOD value of 5-HT1B receptor in VL of EG and RG rats increased significantly(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).In SMA,the R value and AOD value of 5-HT1B receptor of EG and RG rats increased significantly (P＜ 0.05),while,the R value and AOD value of D1DR receptor decreased significantly (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion:Changes of 5-HT1B receptor and D1DR receptor expression in the nuclei of ‘SNr/GPi-VL-SMA'pathway caused the changes of the neurotransmitters release,thus affecting the excitability of the electrical activity of neurons,this might be one of the important ways for ‘SNr/GPi-VL-SMA'pathway modulating the exercise-induced fatigue and exercise performance.
ABSTRACT
The present study aimed at evaluation of prophylactic efficacy and possible mechanisms of asiaticoside (AS) based standardized extract of Centella asiatica (L.) Urban leaves (INDCA) in animal models of migraine. The effects of oral and intranasal (i.n.) pretreatment of INDCA (acute and 7-days subacute) were evaluated against nitroglycerine (NTG, 10 mg·kg(-1), i.p.) and bradykinin (BK, 10 μg, intra-arterial) induced hyperalgesia in rats. Tail flick latencies (from 0 to 240 min) post-NTG treatment and the number of vocalizations post-BK treatment were recorded as a measure of hyperalgesia. Separate groups of rats for negative (Normal) and positive (sumatriptan, 42 mg·kg(-1), s.c.) controls were included. The interaction of INDCA with selective 5-HT1A, 5-HT1B, and 5-HT1D receptor antagonists (NAN-190, Isamoltane hemifumarate, and BRL-15572 respectively) against NTG-induced hyperalgesia was also evaluated. Acute and sub-acute pre-treatment of INDCA [10 and 30 mg·kg(-1) (oral) and 100 μg/rat (i.n.) showed significant anti-nociception activity, and reversal of the NTG-induced hyperalgesia and brain 5-HT concentration decline. Oral pre-treatment with INDCA (30 mg·kg(-1), 7 d) showed significant reduction in the number of vocalization. The anti-nociceptive effects of INDCA were blocked by 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B but not 5-HT1D receptor antagonists. In conclusion, INDCA demonstrated promising anti-nociceptive effects in animal models of migraine, probably through 5-HT1A/1B medicated action.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Administration, Intranasal , Administration, Oral , Bradykinin , Hyperalgesia , Migraine Disorders , Models, Animal , Nitroglycerin , Nociception , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis , Rats, Wistar , Reaction Time , Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT1 , Serotonin 5-HT1 Receptor Antagonists , Metabolism , Tail , Physiology , Triterpenes , PharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) is the most common childhood psychiatric disorder, affecting 3-5% of school-aged children. Although the biological basis of ADHD is unknown, family studies provide strong evidence that ADHD has a genetic basis. Recent genetic studies have suggested associations between ADHD and serotonin 1B(5HT1B) receptor gene G861C polymorphism. The aim of this study is to test for the association between ADHD and 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in Korean population. METHOD: We processed DNA extraction and genotyping. 106 Korean children with ADHD and their parents were analyzed using the transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) and haplotype-based haplotype relative risk (HHRR). And the ADHD children were compared with 212 age and gender matched normal controls. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference of distributions between ADHD cases and controls. We did not observe any preferential transmission of alleles of 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: Though there is the possibility of failing to detect small genetic effects, our results show no evidence of an association between ADHD and 5HT1B receptor gene G861C polymorphism in the Korean population and indicate that it is unlikely that the 5HT1B receptor is implicated in the susceptibility to ADHD.