Comparison of clinical efficacy of PEID and PETD in the treatment of L5-S1 lateral recess stenosis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To compare the clinical efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic decompression （PEID） and percutaneous interlaminar endoscopic decompression （PETD） in the treatment of L5-S1 lateral recess stenosis. 【Methods】 We selected the patients in our center diagnosed with L5-S1 lateral recess stenosis from March 2018 to October 2019 and divided them into Group A and Group B according to the principle of prospective， single-blind， and randomized control （A： PETD； B： PEID）. The operation was performed by the same senior surgeon with mature spinal endoscopy technology. We recorded the basic information， operation duration， usage count of C-arm， hospital stay， VAS score and ODI index of lower back and lower limbs before operation and 3 days， 1 month， 1 year and the last follow-up after the operation， and the operative excellent and good rates （the last follow-up）. The angle of bony lateral recess was measured during pre- and postoperative CT. 【Results】 A total of 95 patients （A： n=48； B： n=47） successfully completed the operation and were followed up for at least 1 year. The two groups did not significantly differ in age， gender， hospital stay， or complication by lumbar intervertebral disc herniation， but PEID group had significantly shorter operation duration and fewer usage counts of C-arm （P<0.001）. VAS score of lower back and lower limbs， and ODI index were significantly reduced at 3 days，1 month， 1 year and the last follow-up after the operation， with no significant difference between the two groups at the same time； no statistical difference was found between the two groups in operative excellent and good rates at the last follow-up （P>0.05）. The postoperative bony side recess angle was significantly improved （P<0.05）， while there was no significant difference in either pre- or postoperative bony side recess angle between the two groups （P>0.05）. 【Conclusion】 Both PEID and PETD are effective strategies in the treatment of L5-S1 lateral recess stenosis and can achieve good clinical outcomes.

5S and 5W2H Tools Applied to Research Laboratories: Experience from Instituto Carlos Chagas - FIOCRUZ/PR for Cell Culture Practices

Abstract Good cell culture practices are a set of technical and management tools recommended for application in research and service laboratories to guarantee the traceability and reproducibility of in vitro experiments. However, most research laboratories do not have a structured quality assurance system and have difficulties organizing their workflows or even priorities in implementing acceptable laboratory practices. In this study, we applied management and quality assurance tools to define the steps necessary to implement acceptable laboratory practices in the multiuser laboratory of cell culture and establish a cell bank at the Carlos Chagas Institute FIOCRUZ-PR. Our team applied the 5W2H and 5S tools for initial diagnosis and established an action plan to implement and manage the laboratory over two years. Thereby, we defined the scope of laboratory activities, including the demand for establishing a cell bank, the supply of cell lines to internal users, user training, and quality control tests. We also mapped the main activities, establishing their flows and all the necessary documentation to ensure traceability and reproducibility. Additionally, the laboratory was organized in compliance with the 5S principles. In conclusion, using management tools, such as the 5W2H and 5S methods, is a simple and affordable method to organize and manage a cell culture laboratory and can be applied to other research laboratories.

Chemical constituents of sesquiterpenes from Chloranthus multistachys / 中国中药杂志

With repeated silica gel, octadecyl silica(ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, normal-phase and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), etc., a pair of new enantiomers and 5 known compounds were separated from the 95% ethanol extract of Chloranthus multistachys. These compounds were identified by the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy(including 1 D-NMR and 2 D-NMR), single-crystal X-ray diffraction, circular dichroism(CD) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry(MS), and some other methods as(1R,4R,5R,8S,10R)-chloraeudolide H(1 a),(1S,4S,5S,8R,10S)-chloraeudolide H(1 b), hydroxyisogermafurenolide(2), 4α-hydroxy-5α,8β(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide(3), chloraniolide A(4), chlorantene D(5), 4α,8β-dihydroxy-5α(H)-eudesm-7(11)-en-8,12-olide(6). Compounds 1 a and 1 b are a pair of new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene enantiomers, and compounds 2-4 were isolated from C. multistachys for the first time.

Contributions to the taxonomy of Trachelyopterus (Siluriformes): comparative cytogenetic analysis in three species of Auchenipteridae

Auchenipteridae is divided into subfamilies Centromochlinae and Auchenipterinae. Parauchenipterus is included in the latter and is subject of taxonomic discussions concerning its validation or synonymization with Trachelyopterus. Herein, three species from two hydrographic basins were cytogenetically analyzed: Parauchenipterus striatulus from Doce River and two sympatric species, P. galeatus and Trachelyopterus coriaceus, from the Araguaia River. Diploid number of 58 chromosomes was verified for all species, but P. striatulus has different karyotype formula from the others. The three species have heterochromatin located in terminal regions of almost all chromosomes and in pericentromeric region on acrocentric chromosomes. Simple NORs was verified on a subtelocentric chromosome for all species. 5S rDNA sites were detected in three submetacentric chromosome pairs in P. striatulus; in a metacentric chromosome pair and submetacentric pair in T. coriaceus; and in one metacentric chromosome pair in P. galeatus. The similarities found in the karyotypes of the three species suggest the existence of only one genus, Trachelyopterus; therefore, our data refutes the validation of Parauchenipterus. Moreover, the differences in 5S rDNA distribution in P. galeatus in comparison with other populations already studied, indicate the existence of a new taxonomic unit, which suggests a species complex in P. galeatus.(AU)

Auchenipteridae é dividida nas subfamílias Centromochlinae e Auchenipterinae. Parauchenipterus encontra-se incluído na última e tem sido alvo de discussões relacionadas com a problemática taxonômica de validação ou sinonimização com Trachelyopterus. Foram analisadas citogeneticamente três espécies de duas bacias hidrográficas: Parauchenipterus striatulus do rio Doce, P. galeatus e Trachelyopterus coriaceus, simpátricas do rio Araguaia. Todas as espécies analisadas apresentaram número diploide de 58 cromossomos, com diferença na fórmula cariotípica de P. striatulus. A heterocromatina foi localizada nas regiões terminais de quase todos os cromossomos e na região pericentromérica nos cromossomos acrocêntricos das três espécies. AgNORs e DNAr 18S detectaram RONs simples em um par de cromossomos subtelocêntricos nas três espécies. DNAr 5S foi detectado em três pares de cromossomos submetacêntricos em P. striatulus; em um par de cromossomos metacêntricos e um par submetacêntrico em T. coriaceus; e em apenas um par de cromossomos metacêntricos em P. galeatus. As semelhanças encontradas nos cariótipos das três espécies analisadas indicam a existência de somente Trachelyopterus (não validação de Parauchenipterus) e a diferença encontrada na distribuição de DNAr 5S de P. galeatus em relação às outras populações já estudadas sugere a existência de uma nova unidade taxonômica, portanto P. galeatus compreende um complexo de espécies.(AU)

Occurrence of euchromatic B chromosomes in natural populations of Moenkhausia bonita and M. forestii (Pisces: Characidae)

Moenkhausia is a highly specious genus among the Characidae, composed of 96 valid species. Only twelve species have a known karyotype. Thus, here are presented the first cytogenetic data of two allopatric populations of Moenkhausia bonita and one of M. forestii, both belonging to the upper Paraná River basin (PR) with discussion on the evolutionary and cytotaxonomic aspects of the genus. The two species presented 2n = 50 chromosomes but different karyotype formulas and occurrence of 1-2 B chromosomes. These elements are small metacentrics in M. bonita and small acrocentrics in M. forestii. In both species, B chromosomes were euchromatic. Ag-NOR sites were found in pair 3 (metacentric), coinciding with fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) by the 18S rDNA probe in both species. However, the species differed in terms of the number and position of 5S rDNA sites. Heterochromatic blocks, mapped in M. bonita showed the least amount of heterochromatin in the terminal and pericentromeric regions, while the M. forestii karyotype revealed a greater amount of interstitial heterochromatic blocks. The karyotype distinctions between the two species, including the morphology of B chromosomes, may contribute as a reference in the taxonomic studies in this group.(AU)

Moenkhausia é um gênero altamente especioso dentre os Characidae, composto por 96 espécies válidas, mas apenas doze espécies têm seus cariótipos conhecidos. Portanto, são apresentados aqui os primeiros dados citogenéticos de duas populações alopátricas de Moenkhausia bonita e uma de M. forestii, ambas pertencentes à bacia do alto rio Paraná (PR), com uma ampla discussão sobre os aspectos evolutivos e citotaxonômicos do gênero. As duas espécies apresentaram 2n = 50 cromossomos, mas diferentes fórmulas cariotípicas e ocorrência de 1-2 cromossomos B. Esses elementos são pequenos metacêntricos em M. bonita e acrocêntricos pequenos em M. forestii. Em ambas as espécies, os cromossomos B apresentaram-se eucromáticos. Sítios Ag-NOR foram encontrados no par 3 (metacêntrico), coincidindo com a hibridização fluorescente in situ (FISH) pela sonda 18S rDNA em ambas as espécies. No entanto, as espécies diferiram em termos de número e posição dos sítios de 5S rDNA. Blocos heterocromáticos mapeados em M. bonita revelaram pequena quantidade de heterocromatina nas regiões terminal e pericentromérica, enquanto o cariótipo de M. forestii revelou uma maior quantidade de blocos heterocromáticos intersticiais. As distinções cariotípicas entre as duas espécies, incluindo a morfologia dos cromossomos B, podem contribuir como uma referência em estudos taxonômicos neste grupo.(AU)

Comparative cytogenetic analyses in Ancistrus species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

Ancistrus is a specious genus of armored catfishes that has been extensively used for cytogenetic studies in the last 17 years. A comparison of the extensive karyotypic plasticity within this genus is presented with new cytogenetic analysis for Ancistrus cf. multispinis and Ancistrus aguaboensis. This study aims to improve our understanding of chromosomal evolution associated with changes in the diploid number (2n) and the dispersion of ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) within Ancistrus. Ancistrus cf. multispinis and A. aguaboensis exhibit 2n of 52 and 50 chromosomes, respectively. Given that A. cf. multispinis shares a 2n = 52 also found in Pterygoplichthyini, the sister group for Ancistrini, a Robertsonian (Rb) fusion event is proposed for the 2n reduction in A. aguaboensis. 5S rDNAs pseudogenes sites have already been associated with Rb fusion in Ancistrus and our analysis suggests that the 2n reduction in A. aguaboensis was triggered by double strand breaks (DSBs) and chromosomal rearrangements at 5S rDNA sites. The presence of evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs) into rDNA cluster is proposed to explain part of the Rb fusion in Ancistrus. Cytogenetic data presented extends the diversity already documented in Ancistrus to further understand the role of chromosomal rearrangements in the diversification of Ancistrini.(AU)

Ancistrus é um gênero rico em espécies de peixes conhecidos como cascudos e tem sido alvo de estudos citogenéticos nos últimos 17 anos. Uma comparação da plasticidade presente no gênero é apresentada com novas análises citogenéticas para Ancistrus cf. multispinis e Ancistrus aguaboensis. Este estudo visa melhorar nossa compreensão da evolução cromossômica associada as alterações do número diploide (2n) e a dispersão de DNAs ribossômicos (rDNAs) em Ancistrus. Ancistrus cf. multispinis e A. aguaboensis apresentaram 2n de 52 e 50 cromossomos, respectivamente. Visto que A. cf. multispinis compartilha 2n = 52 também encontrado em Pterygoplichthyini, o grupo irmão para Ancistrini, um evento de fusão Robertsoniana (Rb) é proposto para a redução do 2n em A. aguaboensis. Sítios de pseudogenes de rDNA 5S já foram associados a eventos de fusão Rb em Ancistrus e nossas análises sugerem que a redução do 2n em A. aguaboensis foi desencadeada por quebras na dupla fita e rearranjos cromossômicos em sítios de rDNA 5S. A presença de evolutionary breakpoint regions (EBRs) em clusters de rDNA foi proposta para explicar parte da fusão Rb em Ancistrus. Os dados citogenéticos apresentados ampliam a diversidade já documentada em Ancistrus visando melhor entender o papel dos rearranjos cromossômicos na diversificação de Ancistrini.(AU)

Chemical constituents from n-butanol parts of Lycii Cortex / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from n-butanol-souluble part of Lycii Cortex (the root bark of Lycium chinense). Methods: The air-dried Lycii Cortex were powdered and extracted with 70% ethanol under reflux. After the removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the crude extract was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-prepared high performance liquid chromatography from the n-butanol part of Lycii Cortex. The structures were identified by nuclear magnetic spectrometry, mass spectrometry and other spectral analyses. Results: Ten compounds were isolated from n-butanol parts of Lycii Cortex and characterized as (1'S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one 2'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (1), (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one 2'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (2), (1R,6R,9S)-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), vanillic acid-4-O-β- D-glucopyranoside (4), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (5), 3,4-dihydroxybenzenepropionic acid methyl ester (6), glucosyringic acid (7), dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), isoscoploletin-β-D-glucoside (9) and fabiatrin (10). Conclusion: Compound 3 is isolated from Solanaceae family for the first time and compounds 1, 2 and 4 are isolated from Lycium genus for the first time. The NMR data of compound 2 is first reported as well.

Conserved number of U2 snDNA sites in Piabina argentea, Piabarchus stramineus and two Bryconamericus species (Characidae, Stevardiinae)

The chromosomal location of 5S rRNA and U2 snRNA genes of Piabina argentea, Piabarchus stramineus and two Bryconamericus species from two different Brazilian river basins were investigated, in order to contribute to the understanding of evolutionary characteristics of these repetitive DNAs in the subfamily Stevardiinae. The diploid chromosome number was 2n = 52 for Bryconamericus cf. iheringii, Bryconamericus turiuba, Piabarchus stramineus and Piabina argentea. The 5S rDNA clusters were located on one chromosome pair in P. stramineus and B. cf. iheringii, and on two pairs in B. turiuba and P. argentea. The U2 snDNA clusters were located on the one pair in all species. Two-color FISH experiments showed that the co-localization between 5S rDNA and U2 snDNA in P. stramineus can represent a marker for this species. Thus, the present study demonstrated that the number of U2 snDNA clusters observed for the four species was conserved, but particular characteristics can be found in the genome of each species.(AU)

A localização cromossômica dos genes de RNAr 5S e RNAsn U2 de Piabina argentea, Piabarchus stramineus e duas espécies de Bryconamericus provenientes de duas bacias hidrográficas foi investigada, com a intenção de contribuir com o entendimento de características evolutivas destes DNAs repetitivos na subfamília Stevardiinae. O número cromossômico diploide foi 2n = 52 para Bryconamericus cf. iheringii, Bryconamericus turiuba, Piabarchus stramineus e Piabina argentea. Os sítios de DNAr 5S foram localizados em um par cromossômico em P. stramineus e B. cf. iheringii, e em dois pares em B. turiuba e P. argentea. Os sítios de DNAsn U2 foram localizados em um par em todas as espécies. Experimentos de FISH com duas sondas mostraram que a co-localização entre os DNAr 5S e DNAsn U2 em P. stramineus pode representar um marcador para esta espécie. Portanto, o presente estudo demonstrou que o número de sítios de DNAsn U2 observado para as quatro espécies foi conservado, porém características particulares podem ser encontradas no genoma de cada espécie.(AU)

Contributions to the systematic of Pimelodidae (Osteichthyes, Siluriformes): basic and molecular cytogenetics on seven species of Pimelodus from three Brazilian hydrographic systems

Pimelodidae harbors several species and is widely distributed throughout the Neotropical region. Pimelodus is the genus with the largest number of species, however it is a polyphyletic group. Cytogenetic analyzes of the valid species still covers less than half of them. Herein, seven Pimelodus species from three Brazilian hydrographic systems were analyzed through basic (Giemsa, AgNORs and C banding) and molecular (5S and 18S rDNA-FISH) cytogenetic methods. All species had 2n=56 chromosomes with different karyotype formulas observed among the species. AgNORs were corresponding to 18S rDNA and localized on long arm of one chromosome pair in all species. Heterochromatin distribution follows the pattern commonly verified in the family and allows to identify each one of the studied species. 5S rDNA marker was interspecifically variable in number and position of cistrons. Pimelodus ortmanni had B chromosomes varying intra and inter-individually. We performed a discussion on our own and available cytogenetic data for Pimelodidae, and the associating of them with available phylogeny enable us identifying features that distinguish subgroups within Pimelodidae, such as NORs location (terminal/long arm for species belonging to "Iheringichthys-Parapimelodus" and "Pimelodus maculatus" subclades) and location of 5S rDNA sites (pericentromeric/interstitial/ long arm for species belonging to Pimelodus group).(AU)

Pimelodidae abriga várias espécies e é amplamente distribuída ao longo da região Neotropical. Pimelodus é o gênero com o maior número de espécies, porém é um grupo polifilético. Análises citogenéticas foram realizadas em menos da metade das espécies válidas. Aqui, sete espécies de Pimelodus de três sistemas hidrográficos brasileiros foram estudadas através das técnicas citogenéticas básicas (Giemsa, AgRONs e banda C) e moleculares (FISH-DNAr 5S e 18S). Todas as espécies apresentaram 2n=56 cromossomos, sendo observadas variações na fórmula cariotípica entre algumas espécies. As AgRONs correspondentes ao DNAr 18S foram localizadas no braço longo de um par de cromossomos em todas as espécies. A heterocromatina segue o padrão comumente observado na família e permite identificar cada uma das espécies estudadas. O DNAr 5S apresentou variação interespecífica em número e na posição dos cístrons. Cromossomos B foram evidenciados em P. ortmanni com variação intra e interindividual. Nós discutimos os nossos resultados com os dados citogenéticos válidos para Pimelodidae, e a associação desses dados com a filogenia válida nos permitiu identificar características que distinguem subgrupos dentro de Pimelodidae, tais como a localização das RONs (terminal/braço longo para espécies pertencentes aos subclados "Iheringichthys-Parapimelodus" e "Pimelodus maculatus") e localização dos sítios de DNAr 5S (pericentromérico/intersticial no braço longo para espécies pertencentes ao grupo Pimelodus).(AU)

Chemical constituents from Simiao Yongan Decoction / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Simiao Yongan Decoction. Methods: The silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin column chromatography were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents from Simiao Yongan Decoction. The structures of the constituents were identified on the basis of physiochemical properties, NMR, MS, and other data. Results: Twenty-two compounds were isolated and identified as 5(S)-5-carboxystrictosidine (1), harpagoside (2), geniposide (3), glycyrrhetinic acid (4), glycyrrhizic acid (5), hyperoside (6), liquiritin (7), isoliquiritoside (8), liquiritigenin (9), isoliquiritigenin (10), luteolin (11), quercetin (12), 2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl O-α-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-α- rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-β-glucopyranoside (13), angroside C (14), acteoside (15), cinnamic acid (16), ferulic acid (17), (E)-aldosecologanin (18), protocatechuic acid (19), stigmasterol (20), hentriacontanol (21), and daucosterol (22). Conclusion: Compounds 1-3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 13-15, 18-21 are isolated from Simiao Yongan Decoction for the first time.

Application value analysis of 5S management for instrument nurses in ENT department / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To study the application value of 5S management for the instrument management in ENT department.Methods Totally 20 instrument nurses in ENT department implementing 5S management were enrolled into an observation group,and another 20 nurses using conventional management method were involved in a control group.The two groups were compared on instrument management quality and instrument nursing management satisfaction.Results The observation group had the qualification rate of sampled sterile items,qualification rate of instrument packaging,qualification rate of instrument cleaning,efficiency of instrument application,instrument preparedness,standardized instrument allocation,intact rate of prepared instrument as well as the familiarity with instrument management and operation significantly better than those in the control group (P＜0.05).The time consumed for adding instrument,finding instrument,environment arrangement and finding expired goods in the observation group was statistically shorter than that in the control group (P＜0.05).The times of instrument set repeated disinfection in the observation group was obviously less than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and the satisfaction over nursing management in the observation group was also significantly better than that in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion 5S management gains high application values for instrument management in ENT department,and thus is worthy promoting clinically.

Chemical constituents of whole plants of Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Whole Plants of Patrinia villosa (Thunb.) Juss. METHODS: Compounds were isolated by a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over macroporous resin, Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC. Their structures were elucidated by physiochemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULTS: Nine compounds were isolated and identified as (E, 4R)-4-hydroxy-4, 5, 5-trimethyl-3-(3-oxobut-1-enyl)cyclohex-2-enone (1), vomifoliol (2), cis-4-hydroxymellein (3), dehydrovomifoliol (4), 3R, 5S, 6R, 7E, 9S-3, 5, 6, 9-tetrahydroxy-7-megastigmane (5), loliolide (6), 4-methoxybenzyl alcohol (7), sphenanthin A (8), and urea (9). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-7 are isolated fromPatrinia genus for the first time.

Identification and genetic diversity analysis of Memecylon species using ISSR, RAPD and Gene-Based DNA barcoding tools

Background: Memecylon species are commonly used in Indian ethnomedical practices. The accurate identification is vital to enhance the drug's efficacy and biosafety. In the present study, PCR based techniques like RAPD, ISSR and DNA barcoding regions, such as 5s, psbA-trnH, rpoC1, ndh and atpF-atpH, were used to authenticate and analyze the diversity of five Memecylon species collected from Western Ghats of India. Results: Phylogenetic analysis clearly distinguished Memecylon malabaricum from Memecylon wightii and Memecylon umbellatum from Memecylon edule and clades formed are in accordance with morphological keys. In the RAPD and ISSR analyses, 27 accessions representing five Memecylon species were distinctly separated into three different clades. M. malabaricum and M. wightii grouped together and M. umbellatum, M. edule and Memecylon talbotianum grouped in the same clade with high Jaccard dissimilarity coefficient and bootstrap support between each node, indicating that these grouped species are phylogenetically similar. Conclusion: Data from the present study reveals that chloroplast psbA-trnH region could be used as a potential candidate region for identifying Memecylon species, and ISSR marker system could be used for estimating genetic diversity since it has high percent polymorphism compared to RAPD marker.

Espondilolistesis traumática L5-S1: presentación de 3 casos / Traumatic spondylolisthesis L5-S1: presentation of 3 cases

Objetivo: Reportar 3 casos de espondilolistesis traumáticas de L5-S1, una entidad infrecuente, con pocos casos publicados en la literatura. Material y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de 3 pacientes operados por espondilolistesis traumáticas L5-S1 en el período 2010-2015. Caso 1, varón de 30 años que sufrió una caída del caballo, anterolistesis grado II. Se realizó una artrodesis L4-S2 con realineación y soporte anterior con TLIF L5-S1. Caso 2, varón de 38 años que consultó por lumbalgia intensa luego de accidente automovilístico. Se diagnosticó una anterolistesis grado II con fractura de la base de ambas facetas ascendentes de S1. Se realizó artrodesis L5-S1 con liberación radicular y realineación. Caso 3, varón de 12 años derivado 20 días luego de un politraumatismo por el derrumbe de una pared. Se diagnosticó una espondilolistesis con dislocación facetaria bilateral. Se realizó una artrodesis L5-S1 con descompresión radicular bilateral. Todos los casos fueron estudiados en el preoperatorio con Rx, TC e IRM. El seguimiento promedio fue de 2.7 años. En los 3 casos se logró un buen control del dolor y de los síntomas neurológicos. La fusión se constató con radiografías simples en el control alejado. Conclusión: En todos los casos se logró un buen resultado clínico e imagenológico con una artrodesis sólida, realizada en un solo tiempo quirúrgico por abordaje posterior.

Objective: To report our surgical results treating three patients with traumatic L5-S1 spondylolisthesis, an infrequent lesion of which only a few isolated cases have been published. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the charts of three patients who underwent surgery from 2010-2015. Case 1 was a 30-year-old man who had fallen off a horse and in whom grade II lytic anterolisthesis was diagnosed, for which L4-S2 fusion with a L5-S1 TLIF was successfully performed. Case 2 was a 38-year-old man with severe low back pain after a car accident. Grade II anterolisthesis was diagnosed secondary to bilateral fractures of S1 facets, for which L5-S1 fusion was done. Case 3 was a 12-year-old child with low back and leg pain after a wall collapsed on top of him, who was diagnosed with anterolisthesis and bilateral facet dislocation. In this patient, L5-S1 fusion and realignment was performed. All patients were studied with full spine x-rays, CT scans and MRI. Average follow-up was 2.7 years. Pain was controlled and neurological deficits improved over the duration of long-term follow-up. X-rays revealed successful fusion in all cases.Conclusions: In our three cases, we achieved excellent clinical and radiological results with solid fusion, performed during a single surgical procedure.

Allopatric chromosomal variation in Nematocharax venustus Weitzman, Menezes & Britski, 1986 (Actinopterygii: Characiformes) based on mapping of repetitive sequences

Characiformes is the most cytogenetically studied group of freshwater Actinopterygii, but karyotypical data of several taxa remain unknown. This is the case of Nematocharax , regarded as a monotypic genus and characterized by marked sexual dimorphism. Therefore, we provide the first cytogenetic report of allopatric populations of Nematocharax venustus based on distinct methods of chromosomal banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with repetitive DNA probes (18S and 5S rDNA). The karyotype macrostructure was conserved in all specimens and populations, independently on sex, since they shared a diploid number (2n) of 50 chromosomes divided into 8m+26sm+14st+2a. The heterochromatin was mainly distributed at pericentromeric regions and base-specific fluorochrome staining revealed a single pair bearing GC-rich sites, coincident with nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). On the other hand, interpopulation variation in both number and position of repetitive sequences was observed, particularly in relation to 5S rDNA. Apparently, the short life cycles and restricted dispersal of small characins, such as N. venustus , might have favored the divergence of repetitive DNA among populations, indicating that this species might encompass populations with distinct evolutionary histories, which has important implications for conservation measures.

Characiformes é o grupo de Actinopterygii de água doce mais estudado citogeneticamente, porém dados cariotípicos de vários taxa permanecem desconhecidos. Este é o caso de Nematocharax , considerado um gênero monotípico e caracterizado pelo acentuado dimorfismo sexual. Em vista disso, nós fornecemos a primeira descrição citogenética de populações alopátricas de Nematocharax venustus , baseada em métodos distintos de bandamento cromossômico e hibridação fluorescente in situ (FISH) com sondas de DNA repetitivo (DNAr 18S e 5S). A macroestrutura cariotípica mostrou-se conservada em todos os espécimes e populações, independentemente do sexo, uma vez que compartilharam um número diploide (2n) de 50 cromossomos dividido em 8m+26sm+14st+2a. A heterocromatina distribuiu-se principalmente nas regiões pericentroméricas e a coloração com fluorocromos base-específicos revelou um único par portador de sítios GC-ricos, coincidentes com as regiões organizadoras de nucléolo (RONs). Por outro lado, foi observada uma variação interpopulacional no número e na posição das sequências repetitivas, especialmente em relação ao DNAr 5S. Aparentemente, ciclos de vida curtos e dispersão restrita dos pequenos caracídeos, tal como N. venustus , podem ter favorecido a divergência do DNA repetitivo entre as populações, indicando que essa espécie pode englobar populações com distintas histórias evolutivas, o que tem implicações importantes para medidas de conservação.

Targeting delivery nucleic acid into mammalian mitochondria / 中国药理学通报

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)genome mutations and defects are the essential mechanism of a various of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diseases. The studies of targeting de-livery nucleic acid into mammalian mitochondria can thoroughly correct mtDNA mutation, rescue mtDNA impairment and then reverse the progress of diseases. There’s obvious differences be-tween nucleic acid import pathway of mammalian mitochondria and gene transfection of nuclei. In this paper, the effective strat-egies of delivering DNA and RNA(tRNA,rRNA,mRNA and an-tisense RNA)into mitochondria have been reviewed, as well as the challenges and development.

Evaluation of implementation of "5S Campaign" in urban health center run by municipal corporation, Gujarat, India.

Background: Despite significant progress in improvement of Government health care delivery system over past decade, community is reluctant to accept it because of substandard level of quality. “5S” is one of the strategies used to improve the physical quality and work efficiency of organization. 5S stands for five Japanese words which can be translated in English as Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardize, and Sustain. Rajkot Municipal Corporation has adopted 5S strategy within its health centers with the aim to improve image of public health care facility among community and thereby to increase coverage of health services. This study was conducted to assess 5S implementation status at all Urban Heath Centers under health department of Rajkot Municipal Corporation, Gujarat, India. Methods: “5S” was implemented by the corporation in campaign mode in 18 Urban Health Centers in July 2014. Campaign included training, baseline assessment, and observing 5S week. A cross sectional study was carried out by personal observation and interview to assess the implementation of 5S campaign. Standard audit check list recommended by the State Quality Assurance Cell, Gujarat was used to evaluate. Results: Overall; all five components of 5S showed significant improvement (p<0.001) with highest improvement in Sorting and Setting in order. Significant improvement in utilization of Out Patient, laboratory services, immunization, family planning services etc were observed in comparison to previous year’s corresponding period. Conclusions: Significant improvement in utilization in major health care services was noted in the study after implementation of 5S. ‘5S’ practice can be sustained with sincere and continuous efforts.

Survival Rates and Risk Factors for Cephalad and L5-S1 Adjacent Segment Degeneration after L5 Floating Lumbar Fusion : A Minimum 2-Year Follow-Up

OBJECTIVE: Although the L5-S1 has distinct structural features in comparison with other lumbar spine segments, not much is known about adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) at the L5-S1 segment. The aim of study was to compare the incidence and character of ASD of the cephalad and L5-S1 segments after L5 floating lumbar fusion. METHODS: From 2005 to 2010, 115 patients who underwent L5 floating lumber fusion were investigated. The mean follow-up period was 46.1 months. The incidence of radiological and clinical ASD of the cephalad and the L5-S1 segments was compared using survival analysis. Risk factors affecting ASD were analyzed using a log rank test and the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS: Radiological ASD of the L5-S1 segment had a statistically significant higher survival rate than that of the cephalad segment (p=0.001). However, clinical ASD of the L5-S1 segment was significantly lower survival rates than that of the cephalad segment (p=0.038). Risk factor analysis showed that disc degeneration of the cephalad segment and preoperative spinal stenosis of the L5-S1 segment were risk factors. CONCLUSION: In L5 floating fusion, radiological ASD was more common in the cephalad segment and clinical ASD was more common in the L5-S1 segment. At the L5-S1 segment, the degree of spinal stenosis appears to be the most influential risk factor in ASD incidences, unlike the cephalad segment.

Karyotype of the invasive species Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from Margarita Island, Venezuela / Cariotipo de la especie invasora Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) de Isla Margarita Island, Venezuela

The genus Pterois includes nine valid species, native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean throughout the Western Pacific. P. volitans and P. miles are native to the Indo-Pacific, and were introduced into Florida waters as a result of aquarium releases, and have been recently recognized as invaders of the Western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea (Costa Rica to Venezuela). Thus far, cytogenetic studies of the genus Pterois only cover basic aspects of three species, including P. volitans from Indo-Pacific Ocean. Considering the lack of more detailed information about cytogenetic characteristics of this invasive species, the objective of the present study was to investigate the basic and molecular cytogenetic characteristics of P. volitans in Venezuela, and compare the results with those from the original distribution area. For this, the karyotypic characteristics of four lionfish caught in Margarita Island, Venezuela, were investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes by Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR, and two-colour-Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for mapping of 18S and 5S ribosomal genes. Comparing the sequences of the 16S gene of the specimens analyzed, with sequences already included in the Genbank, we corroborated that our specimens identified as P. volitans are in fact this species, and hence exclude the possibility of a misidentification of P. miles. The diploid number was 2n=48 (2m+10sm+36a) with FN=60. Chromosomes uniformly decreased in size, making it difficult to clearly identify the homologues except for the only metacentric pair, and the pairs number two, the largest of the submetacentric series. C-banding revealed only three pairs of chromosomes negative for C-band, whereas all remaining chromosomes presented telomeric and some interstitial C-positive blocks. Only two chromosomes were C-banding positive at the pericentromeric regions. Sequential staining revealed Ag-NOR on the tips of the short arms of chromosome pair number two and the FISH assay revealed that 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA genes are co-located on this chromosome pair. The co-localization of 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA is discussed. Both constitutive heterochromatin and NOR location detected in samples examined in this study, differ from those reported for P. volitans in previous analysis of specimens collected in Indian Ocean (Java), suggesting the occurrence of chromosome microrearrangements involving heterochromatin during the spread of P. volitans.Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (4): 1365-1373. Epub 2014 December 01.

El género Pterois contiene nueve especies válidas, nativas del Mar Rojo y el Océano Índico en el Pacífico occidental. P. volitans y P. miles son nativas del Indo-Pacífico, y fueron introducidas en las aguas de Florida como resultado de la liberación de peces confinados en acuario y han sido reconocidas recientemente como invasoras en el Atlántico Occidental y Mar Caribe (Costa Rica hasta Venezuela). Los estudios citogenéticos realizados hasta ahora en el género Pterois cubren solamente aspectos básicos de tres especies que incluyen a P. volitans del océano Indo-Pacífico. Debido a la ausencia de información detallada sobre las características cromosómicas de esta especie invasora, el objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar las características citogenéticas en ejemplares de Venezuela mediante técnicas convencionales y moleculares y comparar los resultados con los reportados para el área de distribución original. Para ello, se investigaron las características cariotípicas mediante tinción con Giemsa, bandeo-C, impregnación con Nitrato de Plata (Ag-NOR) e hibridación fluorescente in situ (FISH) dual para localizar los genes ribosomales 18S rDNA y 5S rDNA en cuatro ejemplares de pez león capturados en la Isla Margarita, Venezuela. La comparación de secuencias del gen 16S de los especímenes analizados con secuencias ya incluidas en el Genbank permitieron corroborar la identificación de P. volitans excluyendo así la posibilidad de una identificación errónea de P. miles. El número diploide fue 2n=48 (2m+10sm+36a) con un FN=60. Los cromosomas presentaron tamaños que disminuyen de manera uniforme dificultando la identificación de homólogos, excepto el único par metacéntrico y el par cromosómico número 2. El bandeo-C reveló tres pares de cromosomas bandas-C negativos, mientras que los restantes presentaron bloques bandas-C positivos en posición telomérica y, en algunos casos, intersticial. Sólo dos cromosomas mostraron bandas-C pericentroméricas. La tinción secuencial reveló las Ag-NOR localizadas en los extremos de los brazos cortos del par número dos y el ensayo FISH demostró que los genes 18S rDNA y 5S rDNA se localizan en ese mismo par. Se discute la co-localización de los genes 5S rDNA y 18S rDNA. La distribución de la heterocromatina constitutiva y localización de las NORs en los peces examinados difirió de la reportada para ejemplares de P. volitans del Océano Índico (Java), sugiriendo que durante la propagación de P. volitans han ocurrido reorganizaciones cromosómicas que involucran la heterocromatina.

B chromosome and NORs polymorphism in Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758) (Siluriformes: Callichthyidae) from upper Paraná River, Brazil

B chromosomes are extra chromosomes from the normal chromosomal set, found in different organisms, highlighting their presence on the group of fishes. Callichthys callichthys from the upper Paraná River has a diploid number of 56 chromosomes (26 m-sm + 30 st-a) for both sexes, with the presence of a sporadically acrocentric B chromosome. Moreover, one individual presented a diploid number of 57 chromosomes, with the presence of a morphologically ill-defined acrocentric B chromosome in all analyzed cells. The physical mapping of 5S and 18S rDNA shows multiple 5S rDNA sites and only one pair of chromosomes with 18S sites in C. callichthys, except for two individuals. These two individuals presented a third chromosome bearing NORs (Ag-staining and 18S rDNA) where 5S and 18S rDNA genes are syntenic, differing only in position. The dispersion of the 18S rDNA genes from the main st-a chromosome pair 25 to one of the chromosomes from the m-sm pair 4 would have originated two variant individuals, one of which with the ill-defined acrocentric B chromosome. Mechanisms to justify the suggested hypothesis about this B chromosome origin are discussed in the present study...

Cromossomos B são cromossomos extras ao conjunto cromossômico normal, encontrado em diferentes organismos, com destaque para sua presença no grupo de peixes. Callichthys callichthys do alto rio Paraná tem um número diploide de 56 cromossomos (26 m-sm + 30 st-a) para ambos os sexos, com a presença esporádica de um cromossomo B acrocêntrico. Além do mais, um indivíduo apresentou número diploide de 57 cromossomos, com a presença de um cromossomo B acrocêntrico morfologicamente mal definido em todas as células analisadas. O mapeamento físico do DNAr 5S e 18S mostrou múltiplos sítios de DNAr 5S e apenas um par de cromossomos com sítio para o DNAr 18S em C. callichthys, com exceção para dois indivíduos. Estes dois indivíduos apresentaram um terceiro cromossomo portador das RONs (Ag-RONs e 18S rDNA), onde os genes DNAr 5S e 18S são sintênicos, diferindo apenas na posição. A dispersão dos genes DNAr 18S do par de cromossomos principal st-a 25 para um dos cromossomos do par m-sm 4 teria originado dois indivíduos variantes, um dos quais com cromossomo B acrocêntrico mal definido. Mecanismos para justificar a hipótese sugerida sobre a origem deste cromossomo B são discutidos no presente estudo...