Association of blood groups/Rh and diabetes mellitus in Karachi city, Pakistan

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to find out a possible association between ABO blood groups or Rh and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the local population of eight (8) different towns of Karachi, Pakistan. For this purpose a survey was carried out in Karachi to have a practical observation of these towns during the period of 9 months from June 2019 to Feb. 2020. Out of eighteen (18) towns of Karachi, samples (N= 584) were collected from only eight (8) Towns of Karachi and gave a code-number to each town. Diabetic group sample was (n1=432) & pre-diabetes sample was (n2 =152). A standard Abbot Company Glucometer for Random Blood Sugar (RBS) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) tests, standard blood anti sera were used for ABO/Rh blood type. Health assessment techniques were performed ethically by taking informed consent from all registered subjects. Finally data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. In our current study, the comparison of ABO blood groups frequencies between diabetic and pre-diabetic individuals were carried out. The percentage values of blood Group-B as given as: (32% in DM vs. 31% in pre-diabetics), followed by blood Group-O as: (18% in DM vs. 11% in pre-diabetics). Contrary to Group-B & O, blood Group-A and Group-AB were distribution percentage higher pre-diabetic as compared to DM patients, as given as: Group-A (32% in pre-diabetics vs. 26% in DM) & Group-AB (26% in pre-diabetics vs. 24% in diabetics patients). In addition, percentage distribution of Rh system was also calculated, in which Rh+ve Group was high and more common in DM patients as compared to pre-diabetics; numerically given as: Rh+ve Group (80% in DM vs. 72% in pre-diabetics). Different views and dimensions of the research topic were studied through literature support, some have found no any association and some established a positive association still some were not clear in making a solid conclusion. It is concluded that DM has a positive correlation with ABO blood groups, and people with Group-B have increased susceptibility to DM disease.

Resumo O objetivo principal deste estudo foi descobrir uma possível associação entre grupos sanguíneos ABO ou Rh e diabetes mellitus (DM) na população local de oito (8) diferentes cidades de Karachi, Paquistão. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento em Karachi para observação prática dessas cidades durante o período de 9 meses de junho de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020.De dezoito (18) cidades de Karachi, as amostras (N = 584) foram coletadas de apenas oito (8) cidades de Karachi e deram um número-código para cada cidade. A amostra do grupo de diabéticos foi (n1 = 432) e a amostra de pré-diabetes foi (n2 = 152). Um glicômetro padrão da Abbot Company para testes de açúcar no sangue aleatório (RBS) e açúcar no sangue em jejum (FBS), antissoros de sangue padrão foram usados para o tipo de sangue ABO / Rh. As técnicas de avaliação de saúde foram realizadas de forma ética, tomando o consentimento informado de todos os indivíduos registrados. Finalmente, os dados foram analisados pelo SPSS versão 20.0.No presente estudo, foi realizada a comparação das frequências dos grupos sanguíneos ABO entre diabéticos e pré-diabéticos. Os valores percentuais do sangue do Grupo-B são dados como: (32% em DM vs. 31% em pré-diabéticos), seguido pelo sangue do Grupo-O como: (18% em DM vs. 11% em pré-diabéticos). Ao contrário dos Grupos B e O, sangue do Grupo-A e Grupo-AB tiveram distribuição percentual maior de pré-diabéticos em comparação com pacientes com DM, dado como: Grupo-A (32% em pré-diabéticos vs. 26% em DM) e Grupo AB (26% em pré-diabéticos vs. 24% em pacientes diabéticos). Além disso, também foi calculada a distribuição percentual do sistema Rh, no qual o Grupo Rh + ve foi elevado e mais comum em pacientes com DM em comparação aos pré-diabéticos; dados numericamente como: Grupo Rh + ve (80% em DM vs. 72% em pré-diabéticos). Diferentes visões e dimensões do tema de pesquisa foram estudadas com o suporte da literatura, alguns não encontraram nenhuma associação e alguns estabeleceram uma associação positiva, embora alguns não estivessem claros em fazer uma conclusão sólida. Conclui-se que o DM tem correlação positiva com os grupos sanguíneos ABO, e as pessoas com o Grupo B têm maior suscetibilidade à doença DM.

Association of blood groups/Rh and diabetes mellitus in Karachi city, Pakistan / Associação de grupos sanguíneos/Rh e diabetes mellitus na cidade de Karchi, Paquistão

Abstract The main purpose of this study was to find out a possible association between ABO blood groups or Rh and diabetes mellitus (DM) in the local population of eight (8) different towns of Karachi, Pakistan. For this purpose a survey was carried out in Karachi to have a practical observation of these towns during the period of 9 months from June 2019 to Feb. 2020. Out of eighteen (18) towns of Karachi, samples (N= 584) were collected from only eight (8) Towns of Karachi and gave a code-number to each town. Diabetic group sample was (n1=432) & pre-diabetes sample was (n2 =152). A standard Abbot Company Glucometer for Random Blood Sugar (RBS) and Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) tests, standard blood anti sera were used for ABO/Rh blood type. Health assessment techniques were performed ethically by taking informed consent from all registered subjects. Finally data was analyzed by SPSS version 20.0. In our current study, the comparison of ABO blood groups frequencies between diabetic and pre-diabetic individuals were carried out. The percentage values of blood Group-B as given as: (32% in DM vs. 31% in pre-diabetics), followed by blood Group-O as: (18% in DM vs. 11% in pre-diabetics). Contrary to Group-"B" & "O", blood Group-A and Group-AB were distribution percentage higher pre-diabetic as compared to DM patients, as given as: Group-A (32% in pre-diabetics vs. 26% in DM) & Group-AB (26% in pre-diabetics vs. 24% in diabetic's patients). In addition, percentage distribution of Rh system was also calculated, in which Rh+ve Group was high and more common in DM patients as compared to pre-diabetics; numerically given as: Rh+ve Group (80% in DM vs. 72% in pre-diabetics). Different views and dimensions of the research topic were studied through literature support, some have found no any association and some established a positive association still some were not clear in making a solid conclusion. It is concluded that DM has a positive correlation with ABO blood groups, and people with Group-B have increased susceptibility to DM disease.

Resumo O objetivo principal deste estudo foi descobrir uma possível associação entre grupos sanguíneos ABO ou Rh e diabetes mellitus (DM) na população local de oito (8) diferentes cidades de Karachi, Paquistão. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento em Karachi para observação prática dessas cidades durante o período de 9 meses de junho de 2019 a fevereiro de 2020.De dezoito (18) cidades de Karachi, as amostras (N = 584) foram coletadas de apenas oito (8) cidades de Karachi e deram um número-código para cada cidade. A amostra do grupo de diabéticos foi (n1 = 432) e a amostra de pré-diabetes foi (n2 = 152). Um glicômetro padrão da Abbot Company para testes de açúcar no sangue aleatório (RBS) e açúcar no sangue em jejum (FBS), antissoros de sangue padrão foram usados ​​para o tipo de sangue ABO / Rh. As técnicas de avaliação de saúde foram realizadas de forma ética, tomando o consentimento informado de todos os indivíduos registrados. Finalmente, os dados foram analisados ​​pelo SPSS versão 20.0.No presente estudo, foi realizada a comparação das frequências dos grupos sanguíneos ABO entre diabéticos e pré-diabéticos. Os valores percentuais do sangue do Grupo-B são dados como: (32% em DM vs. 31% em pré-diabéticos), seguido pelo sangue do Grupo-O como: (18% em DM vs. 11% em pré-diabéticos). Ao contrário dos Grupos "B" e "O", sangue do Grupo-A e Grupo-AB tiveram distribuição percentual maior de pré-diabéticos em comparação com pacientes com DM, dado como: Grupo-A (32% em pré-diabéticos vs. 26% em DM) e Grupo AB (26% em pré-diabéticos vs. 24% em pacientes diabéticos). Além disso, também foi calculada a distribuição percentual do sistema Rh, no qual o Grupo Rh + ve foi elevado e mais comum em pacientes com DM em comparação aos pré-diabéticos; dados numericamente como: Grupo Rh + ve (80% em DM vs. 72% em pré-diabéticos). Diferentes visões e dimensões do tema de pesquisa foram estudadas com o suporte da literatura, alguns não encontraram nenhuma associação e alguns estabeleceram uma associação positiva, embora alguns não estivessem claros em fazer uma conclusão sólida. Conclui-se que o DM tem correlação positiva com os grupos sanguíneos ABO, e as pessoas com o Grupo B têm maior suscetibilidade à doença DM.

Association of ABO blood groups with academic stress and academic performance of the first-year undergraduate medical students in an Indian Medical College

Background: Different blood groups are associated with various personality traits, perceived stress and intelligence of an individual. Assessment of students’ academic performance helps to judge their knowledge, skill, and affective domains. Aims and Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine association of ABO blood groups among undergraduate medical students with academic stress and their academic performance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 99 1st-year undergraduate medical students in Indian medical College. Blood group was determined by agglutination reaction. Academic stress was estimated using medical students stressor questionnaire score. Academic performance of student was assessed from marks of terminal examination. Results: In the present study, academic related stress level was highest in A blood group students followed by B blood group. Blood Group A students also have higher interpersonal related and teaching learning related stress levels. Whereas AB blood group students have higher social related, drive related and group activity related stress levels though not statistically significant. Mean academic scores were highest for AB blood group students, followed by O blood group students. B blood group students had least academic scores but not statistically significant. Furthermore, Blood group AB and O shows negative correlation, whereas A and B blood group shows positive correlation of academic stress with academic scores. Conclusion: Academic stress was highest for A blood group followed by B blood group and academic performance was highest in AB blood group followed by O blood group. Significant association of different blood groups with academic stress and performance was not found.

Prevalence of color vision deficiency and it’s relation with ABO blood group among medical students

Background: Normal human beings can appreciate color in all three of it’s attributes; Hue, intensity, and saturation. Human beings can perceive three primary colors, that is, red, green, and blue. Any defect in appreciation of colors is known as color vision deficiency (CVD). Complete inability to appreciate color is known as color blindness. The genes for red and green cone pigments are found in the q arm of the X chromosome. Hence, red and green CVD are inherited as X-linked recessive diseases. Blue CVD is autosomaly inherited. Blood groups are genetically inherited as well. Although it is a known fact that there is a preponderance of genetic diseases in subjects belonging to a specific blood group, no such study was available in Western Odisha as per our knowledge. This becomes more relevant as consanguineous marriages are a serious social problem in that part of Odisha. Aim and Objectives: Therefore, the study was undertaken to find out the prevalence of CVD among Medical students in Western Odisha and to find out it’s relation, if any, with ABO blood groups, as these two entities are genetically inherited. Record should be kept for future use, especially for counseling at the time of marriage and if necessary, to choose a subject for further study, where color detection does not play an important part. Materials and Methods: Prior permission was taken from the Institutional Ethics Committee to carry out this study. The study was carried out among the 1st–4th year medical students of V.S.S. Medical College and Hospital (n = 690) from August 2022 to October 2022. Ishihara test plates for color vision and agglutination method for ABO blood grouping were employed to get the prevalence of CVD and to get the percentage of subjects belonging to each blood group among those having CVD. The observations were noted carefully. Results: After careful screening, it was seen that 647 (93.76%) were normal, 42 (6.08%) had CVD, and 1 (0.14%) subject was completely color blind. All those affected were males. Distribution of blood group in CVD subjects showed 7 (16.27%) numbers belonging to blood group A, 22 (51.16%) belonging to blood group B, 1 (2.3%) belonging to blood group AB, and 12 (27.9%) belonging to blood group O. The only color blind student belonged to blood group B (2.3%). Conclusion: As medical students have to deal with colors throughout their career, the study helps the subjects to be aware of their condition early in their professional life. It also tried to find out the percentage distribution into ABO blood groups. A larger population should be included to get more accurate results.

Blood group B and decreased risk of coronary artery disease in hypertensive elderly / Grupo sanguíneo B y disminución del riesgo de enfermedad arterial coronaria en ancianos hipertensos

Abstract Although ABO blood groups have been associated with cardiovascular disease, little is known about whether ABO blood groups contribute to the risk of the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) in elderly individuals with hypertension. This study was aimed to explore this association. A total of 793 hypertensive patients aged ≥60 years out of 2095 patients who underwent primary coronary angiography were retrospectively included. They were divided into CAD and non-CAD groups. Demographic and clinical characteristics, ABO blood groups and other biochemical parameters were compared. Further evaluation was performed to determine the impact of ABO blood groups on CAD severity using the Gensini score and the number of significantly diseased vessels. A logistic regression model was constructed to identify the association of ABO blood groups with CAD. There was a substantial difference in the distribution of ABO blood groups in elderly and hypertensive adults with and without CAD (p=0.022). Hypertensive patients with CAD had a significantly lower proportion of the blood group B than those without CAD (p=0.008). Compared to those with non-Blood group B, hypertensive elderly with a blood group B tended to have significantly lower concentrations of TC, LDL -C and Apo B, and a lower number of significantly stenosed vessels. The blood group B was found to be an independent protective factor for CAD in elderly with hypertension. The blood group B is significantly associated with a decreased risk of CAD and is inversely correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis in the elderly with hypertension.

Resumen Aunque los tipos de sangre ABO están asociados con enfermedades cardiovasculares, se sabe poco sobre si los tipos de sangre ABO estás relacionados con la presencia y gravedad de la enfermedad arterial coronaria (CAD) en pacientes de edad avanzada con hipertensión. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar esta relación. Se incluyeron retrospectivamente un total de 793 pacientes hipertensos de ≥60 años tomados de un grupo de 2095 pacientes sometidos a angiografía coronaria primaria. Se dividieron en el grupo de cardiopatía coronaria (CAD) y el grupo sin cardiopatía coronaria (no-CAD). Se compararon las características demográficas y clínicas, el grupo sanguíneo ABO y otros parámetros bioquímicos. El efecto del grupo sanguíneo ABO sobre la gravedad de la CAD se evaluó con la puntuación Gensini y el número de vasos sanguíneos patológicos significativos. Se construyó un modelo de regresión logística para determinar la relación entre el grupo sanguíneo ABO y la CAD. Hubo una diferencia significativa en la distribución de los grupos sanguíneos ABO entre los ancianos con y sin cardiopatía coronaria y los adultos con hipertensión (P=0,022). La proporción del grupo sanguíneo B en pacientes hipertensos con cardiopatía coronaria fue significativamente menor que en pacientes sin cardiopatía coronaria (P=0,008). En comparación con los grupos sanguíneos no B, las concentraciones de TC, LDL - C y Apolipoproteína B en los ancianos hipertensos del Grupo B fueron significativamente menores, y el número de estenosis vascular fue significativamente menor. El Grupo B es un factor protector independiente de la CAD en pacientes de edad avanzada con hipertensión. El Grupo B se correlacionó significativamente con la reducción del riesgo de cardiopatía coronaria y negativamente con la gravedad de la estenosis coronaria en pacientes de edad avanzada con hipertensión.

Distribution and Association of Lip Print Pattern, Finger Print Pattern and ABO Blood Groups in Relation to Gender and Family Among South Indian Population

Background: Positive identification of living/ deceased using distinct traits is a cornerstone of forensic science. According to Locard’s principle “When two objects come into contact, there is always transfer of material from one to another”. The finger prints, lip prints and blood remains are the evidence for forensic identification. Aim: To study the frequency, distribution and association of ABO blood groups, finger print pattern, lip print pattern among gender and also the inherent nature of patterns among family members. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 Subjects (100 males, 100 females) within the age range of 17- 30 years and 20 families were randomly selected and aggregated as groups. Lip prints and finger prints were collected using dusting technique with fine carbon powder. ABO blood group was determined by slide agglutination method. Results: Ulnar loop - Males - Vertical, Radial loop - Males - Branching, Whorl - Females - Branching, Arch - Males - Intersecting; Females - Vertical. O positive, B positive - Loop - Branching, A positive - Loop - Vertical and Intersecting, AB positive - Whorl - Branching and Intersecting. Among 20 families, 14 families showed 100 percent pattern resemblance. High percentage of similar pattern was observed between father to daughter (70%) in finger prints and mother to son in lip prints (71%). Conclusion: Correlating the uniqueness of these physical evidence helps in personal identification as it can narrow the search & to substantiate the facts where there is little evidence

Antígenos del sistema ABO y manifestaciones clínicas de la Covid-19 en un área de salud del municipio Bayamo

RESUMEN Introducción: se han descrito una plétora de síntomas/signos que indican claramente que la COVID-19 es una enfermedad compleja, y un número creciente de reportes han sugerido que los grupos sanguíneos ABO están relacionados con el riesgo a desarrollar la enfermedad. Objetivo: identificar si existe relación entre los fenotipos sanguíneos del sistema ABO y las manifestaciones clínicas de la Covid-19 en un área de salud del municipio Bayamo. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, que incluyó a 123 pacientes confirmados de COVID-19 con alta epidemiológica. Se determinó el grupo sanguíneo según el sistema ABO. Los sujetos fueron clasificados según el número de síntomas/signos, el predominio de síntomas/signos respiratorios o no. Se analizó la asociación entre los grupos sanguíneos del sistema ABO, los portadores de los diferentes antígenos en comparación con las de aquellos sin el antígeno y los grupos por número de síntomas y signos, y según predominio o no de síntomas/signos respiratorios. Resultados: se encontró una asociación significativa entre el grupo sanguíneo de los pacientes y los grupos según el número de síntomas/signos presentados, así como, entre los portadores de antígenos B y no B y los grupos según el número de síntomas/signos presentados y el predominio de los síntomas respiratorios o no, en todos los casos con una mayor frecuencia de pacientes con el fenotipo A. Conclusiones: se concluye que en este estudio el grupo sanguíneo de los pacientes positivos a la Covid-19 se relacionó con el número de síntomas/signos presentados, con predominio de la frecuencia de portadores del antígeno A sobre los demás.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A plethora of symptoms/signs have been described that clearly indicate that COVID-19 is a complex disease, and a growing number of reports have suggested that ABO blood groups are related to the risk of developing the disease. Objective: to identify if there is a relationship between the blood phenotypes of the ABO system and the clinical manifestations of Covid-19 in a health area in the Bayamo municipality. Methods: a retrospective descriptive study was carried out, which included 123 confirmed COVID-19 patients with epidemiological discharge. Blood group was determined according to the ABO system. The subjects were classified according to the number of symptoms/signs, the predominance of respiratory symptoms/signs or not. The association between the blood groups of the ABO system, the carriers of the different antigens in comparison with those of those without the antigen and the groups by number of symptoms and signs, and according to predominance or not of respiratory symptoms/signs was analyzed. Results: a significant association was found between the blood group of the patients and the groups according to the number of symptoms/signs presented, as well as between carriers of B and non-B antigens and the groups according to the number of symptoms/signs presented and the predominance of respiratory symptoms or not, in all cases with a higher frequency of patients with phenotype A. Conclusions: it is concluded that in this study the blood group of patients positive for Covid-19 was related to the number of symptoms/signs presented, with a predominance of the frequency of carriers of antigen A over the others.

RESUMO Introdução: foi descrita uma infinidade de sintomas/sinais que indicam claramente que a COVID-19 é uma doença complexa, e um número crescente de relatos sugere que os grupos sanguíneos ABO estão relacionados ao risco de desenvolver a doença. Objetivo: identificar se existe relação entre os fenótipos sanguíneos do sistema ABO e as manifestações clínicas da Covid-19 em uma área de saúde do município de Bayamo. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo descritivo retrospectivo, que incluiu 123 pacientes confirmados com COVID-19 com alta epidemiológica. O grupo sanguíneo foi determinado de acordo com o sistema ABO. Os sujeitos foram classificados de acordo com o número de sintomas/sinais, a predominância de sintomas/sinais respiratórios ou não. Foi analisada a associação entre os grupos sanguíneos do sistema ABO, os portadores dos diferentes antígenos em comparação com aqueles sem o antígeno e os grupos por número de sintomas e sinais, e segundo predominância ou não de sintomas/sinais respiratórios. Resultados: foi encontrada associação significativa entre o grupo sanguíneo dos pacientes e os grupos de acordo com o número de sintomas/sinais apresentados, bem como entre os portadores de antígenos B e não-B e os grupos de acordo com o número de sintomas/sinais apresentou e a predominância de sintomas respiratórios ou não, em todos os casos com maior frequência de pacientes com fenótipo A. Conclusões: conclui-se que neste estudo o grupo sanguíneo dos pacientes positivos para Covid-19 esteve relacionado ao número de sintomas/sinais apresentados, com predomínio da frequência de portadores do antígeno A sobre os demais.

Effect of ABO blood groups on length of hospital stay according to age in Covid-19 patients

Abstract Introduction Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel viral disease with person-to-person transmission that has spread to many countries since the end of 2019. Although many unknowns were resolved within a year and the vaccine is available, it is still a major global health problem. Objective COVID-19 infection may present with a considerably wide spectrum of severity and host factors play a significant role in determining the course of the disease. One of these factors is blood groups. Based on previous experience, it is believed that the ABO blood group type affects prognosis, treatment response and length of stay in the hospital. In this study, our aim was to evaluate whether the blood group had an effect on the length of the hospital stay. To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have assessed the effect of ABO blood groups, as well as age, on the length of the hospital stay in these settings. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 969 patients admitted to our hospital between March 15, 2020 and May 15, 2020 were evaluated. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to ABO blood groups. The effect of the ABO blood group by age on the course of the disease, need for intensive care, duration of hospitalization and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection, especially in geriatric patients, was evaluated. Results Of all the patients, 9.1% required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), of whom 83% died. The average length of ICU stay was 11 days (0 - 59). The observed mortality rates in blood groups A, B, AB and 0 were 86.4%, 93.3%, 80.0% and 70.8%, respectively, indicating similar death rates in all ABO blood types. When the Rh phenotype was taken into consideration, no significant changes in results were seen. Conclusion As a result, we could not observe a significant relationship between blood groups and clinical outcomes in this study, which included a sample of Turkish patients with COVID-19.

ABO blood group association and COVID-19. COVID-19 susceptibility and severity: a review

Abstract Introduction The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been affecting the health and economic, as well as social, life of the entire globe since the end of 2019. The virus causes COVID-19, with a wide range of symptoms among the infected individuals, from asymptomatic infection to mortality. This, along with a high infection rate, prompted efforts to investigate the potential mechanisms of the different clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV-2 among the infected populations. Hypothesis One of the possible mechanisms that has been reported is the ABO blood system polymorphism. Indeed, one of the major proposed mechanisms is the presence of naturally occurring anti-A antibodies in individuals of groups O and B, which could be partially protective against SARS-CoV-2 virions. Objective and Method This article aimed to review the published data on the potential effect of the ABO blood group system on the susceptibility to COVID-19 and the disease progression and outcomes. Results The reviewed data suggest that individuals of blood group A are at a higher risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and may develop severe COVID-19 outcomes, whereas blood group O is considered protective against the infection, to some extent. However, some of the available studies seem to have been influenced by unaccounted confounders and biases. Conclusion Therefore, further appropriately controlled studies are warranted to fully investigate the possible association between the ABO blood groups and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.

Causes of ABO forward and reverse grouping discrepancy: 75 cases / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the causes and solutions of ABO forward and reverse grouping discrepancy, and to ensure the safety of blood transfusion in clinical. 【Methods】 Samples from 75 patients with discrepancy between forward and reverse grouping in December 2019 and March 2022 were tested and analyzed in combination with saline method(forward and reverse grouping), direct antiglobulin test, antibody screening, antibody identification, increasing plasma volume, incubation enhancement test at 4℃, absorption-eluation test and molecular biological tests. 【Results】 Causes for abnormal reverse typing were as follows : weak antibody in 11 cases(14.67%), unexpected antibody in 19 cases(25.33%), inverted albumin and globulin ratios in 9 cases(12.00%), increased white blood cells in 3 cases(4.00%), inadequate anticoagulation in 3 cases(4.00%), bone marrow transplantation in 2 cases(2.67%), multiple myeloma in 4 cases(5.33%), acute gastrointestinal bleeding in 3 cases(4.00%). Causes for abnormal forward typing were as follows: self-coagulating in 1 case(1.33%), acute leukemia in 7cases(9.34%), post-transplantation in 1 case(1.33%). Causes for abnormal forward/reverse typing: acute leukemia in 1 case(1.33%), condensin syndrome in 1 case(1.33%), autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 6 cases(8.00%), subtype in 4 cases(5.33%). Results of genotying in 7 cases were as follows: B(A) 04 for 1 case, B(A)02 2 cases, AB3 1case, A1 2 cases, and 1case with new genotype. 【Conclusion】 For patients with forward and reverse typing discrepancy for ABO blood group, several studying methods, such as clinical/serological tests inquiring, absorption-eluation tests and molecular biological tests, should be combined to ensure blood transfusion safety.

Correlation between ABO blood groups and body mass index among medical students

 Background: ABO blood groups are associated with certain diseases. The present study seeks to find out if there is any association between ABO blood groups and body mass index.Methods: The present study involves 150 medical students, 105 boys and 45 girls in the age group of 18-23 years in the Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Burla, Sambalpur. Height in meters and weight in kg were taken by stadiometer and weighing machine. BMI was calculated using formula BMI=weight in kg/height in m2 . Blood groups were determined by slide agglutination method. The data was analyzed through SPSS 20.Results: Overweight and obesity was found more prevalent in boys than girls. In total, 20.7% students were overweight (21% boys and 20% girls). The same trend was found in obesity.  15.3% of total students were obese (16.2% boys and 13.3% girls). Blood group B was reported the most common blood groups (42%) followed by blood group O (28%), while blood groups A and AB were found 18.7% and 11.3% of participants, respectively. The prevalence of overweight (BMI 25-29.9) among participants based on blood group O, A, AB and B was 23.8%, 22.2%, 21.4% and 5.9%, respectively. The prevalence of obesity (BMI >30) among participants based on blood groups AB, B, A and O was 23.5%, 17.5%, 14.3% and 9.5%, respectively.Conclusions: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was more in blood group O and AB respectively and was more in males than females.

Comparison of cardiac autonomic response in different ABO blood groups of young adults

Background: ABO blood group has been associated with various disease phenotypes, particularly cardiovascular disease. Abnormal autonomic response also plays a role in cardiac morbidity. Increasing attention is being focused on the role of autonomic nervous system in health and disease. The literature lacks data on the association of blood groups and cardiac autonomic function. The aim of the study was to find out the association between different blood groups and cardiovascular autonomic functions in young adults.Methods: 150 healthy young students of MMU aged 18-25 years, divided into four groups based on ABO blood grouping, determined by agglutination test (group A, group B, group O and group AB). Various autonomic function tests done were lying to standing test, Valsalva maneuver, Hand grip test (HGT) and Cold pressor test (CPT).Results: The mean baseline heart rate was significantly higher in group O as compared to group A. No parasympathetic alteration between different ABO blood groups was seen. Blood pressure response to HGT and CPT was not statistically significant between different blood groups.Conclusions: Present study revealed no alteration in cardiac autonomic function with regards to ABO blood grouping in young adults.

ABO Blood Group System: Its Association with Anthropometric Indices among Young Adults of Yoruba Ethnicity

Introduction: The ABO blood group system is unique in immunology and haematology because it is the only system in which antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the serum of normal individuals whose red cells lack the antigens. Several epidemiological studies have reported that the distribution of different ABO blood groups vary markedly among the populations of different geographical areas reflecting racial differences. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the association between ABO blood group and anthropometric indices among apparently healthy young adults of Yoruba ethnicity. Study Design: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Department of Physiological Sciences and University Health Centre, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife between May 2016 to June 2017. Methodology: Eighty apparently healthy young adults who were purposely selected participated in the study after screening for the ABO blood groups following the standard protocol. They were divided into four equal groups; 20 in each of blood groups A, B, AB and O who were age- and sex - matched. The weight (kg) and height (cm) of the participants were measured following standard protocol. Body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were estimated from weight and height using Quetelex and Mosteller formulae respectively. Chi-square was used to compare grouped data while the comparison of means of parameters among the four blood groups was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). A p-value of < 0.05 was taken statistically significant. Results: Out of the total 80 participants, 15% were males. The mean ± SD of height(m) of participants with blood groups A, B, O and AB were 1.65 ± 0.06, 1.63 ± 0.08, 1.62 ± 0.08 and 1.63 ± 0.08 (F= 0.349, p= 0.790) respectively. The mean ± SD of weight(kg) of the participants with blood group A,B, O and AB were 56.15 ± 8.71, 56.00 ± 11.21, 57.10 ± 12.73 and 58.05 ± 10.35 (F= 0.154, p= 0.927) respectively. The mean ± SD of BMI in kg/m2 for blood groups A, B, O and AB were 20.74 ± 3.22, 20.86 ± 2.91, 21.79 ± 5.10 and 21.91 ± 4.21 (F= 0.472, p= 0.703) respectively while the mean ± SD of BSA (m2) for blood group A, B, O and AB were 1.60 ± 0.12, 1.59 ± 0.19, 1.60 ± 0.18 and 1.62 ± 0.15 (F= 0.098, p= 0.961) respectively. Conclusion: AB Blood group may be predisposed to metabolic syndrome due to the higher mean of weight, BSA and BMI found in this group.

Evaluation of ABO blood groups in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma-a retrospective study in South Indian population

Context Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a multifactorial aetiology. Risk factors such as individual's lifestyle like chronic use of tobacco, spicy food, alcohol and smoking are associated with cancer. Recent studies have revealed the possibility of ABO blood group antigens role in development of cancer. Aims and objectives To detect and correlate ABO blood group type in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and OSCC and to compare the ABO blood group type among controls, OPMDs and OSCC. Materials and methods Study included 100 subjects, 35 cases each of OPMDs and OSCC and 30 controls. ABO blood grouping was carried out by standard agglutination method (Spanclone ARKRAY Health Care Private Limited) based on the principle of haemagglutination reaction. Results We found that OPMDs and OSCC subjects to be more prevalent among cases with B blood group. There was a significant variation in age (P=0.004), sex (P=0.004) and blood group (P= 0.003) among controls, OPMDs and OSCC. Conclusion ABO blood grouping may be used as one of the diagnostic marker for OPMDs and OSCC.

Study on association between the distribution of ABO blood type and nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate possible association between the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and ABO blood type.Methods pathologically confirmed NPC patients(NPC group) with a serologically determined blood group in Sun Yatsen University Cancer Center were reviewed retrospectively.The distribution of blood groups of the NPC group were compared with the distribution of blood groups of healthy donors(control group) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou TCM University in the year 2013.Results There was no significant difference between NPC group and the control group in terms of distribution of ABO blood groups(P=0.884),neither with NPC stages(P=0.506).Conclusion In this study,we found that blood type has no association with an increased risk of NPC and NPC stages in a population of Southern China.

Study on association between the distribution of ABO blood type and nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate possible association between the incidence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)and ABO blood type.Methods pathologically confirmed NPC patients(NPC group) with a serologically determined blood group in Sun Yatsen University Cancer Center were reviewed retrospectively.The distribution of blood groups of the NPC group were compared with the distribution of blood groups of healthy donors(control group) admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou TCM University in the year 2013.Results There was no significant difference between NPC group and the control group in terms of distribution of ABO blood groups(P=0.884),neither with NPC stages(P=0.506).Conclusion In this study,we found that blood type has no association with an increased risk of NPC and NPC stages in a population of Southern China.

Gallbladder cancer incidence in Gwalior district of India: Five-year trend based on the registry of a regional cancer center.

BACKGROUND: We have reported here the 5-year incidence (2004–2008) of gallbladder cancer (GBC) in North Central India along with its descriptive epidemiology. This provides potential clues for better prevention. The present study has also evaluated the association of ABO blood groups with GBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study comprised 742 GBC cases referred to the regional cancer hospital, Gwalior, during 2004–2008. The demographic statistics of Gwalior district was considered to calculate the relative risk and incidence rates. ABO blood group distribution amongst 90,000 healthy subjects registered in the local blood bank during 2002–2007 was taken as controls to study the association of blood groups with GBC. RESULTS: The age-standardized total incidence rate of GBC was calculated to be 7.16/1,00,000. The relative risk of females getting GBC was 2.693 at 95% confidence interval of 2.304–3.151 (P < 0.0001). The females formed 69.5% of total cancer cases, with age-standardized incidence rate of 10/1,00,000. The mean age of male and female GBC cases was found to be 55.4 years (SD = 13, SE = 0.77) and 51.5 years (SD = 12.3, SE = 0.50), respectively. The blood groups A (P = 0.0022) and AB (P < 0.0001) had a positive association with GBC with significant level of differences in comparison to controls. CONCLUSION: Our study provided an estimate of a 5-year incidence of GBC in North Central India for the first time. With regard to the association of risk factors like obesity, age, and urban living with GBC, the findings of the present study are contradictory to the general opinion. Blood groups A and AB were found to be associated with GBC, which would be provisional for further investigations.

Association between Helicobacter pylori Infection, ABO Blood Groups and Rhesus Factor in Peptic Ulcer Disease Patients, in Gezira, Central Sudan.

Blood group antigens were associated with peptic ulcer disease, which is potentially caused by Helicobacter pylori. It was recently demonstrated that the receptor for H. pylori is the blood group antigen lewisb, which is exposed only in blood group O. Objectives: To report the possible correlation among H. Pylori Infection, ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood groups in patients with peptic ulcer disease. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective study was carried out between Jan 2010 and Dec 2010 among patients suffering from dyspeptic symptoms attending to Wad Medani Teaching Hospital-Endoscopy Unit. All patients had their blood group phenotype and Rhesus determined by the slide hemagglutination test. All patients underwent oesophagogastrodudenoscopy to diagnose peptic ulcer disease. Gastric biopsies were obtained and examined for H. pylori by urease test. Results: 40 patients were enrolled in this study, 29 were males and 11 were females with a mean age of 50.75 ± 18.18 years. 28 patients were both H. pylori biopsy-urease and Rhesus factor positive (93.3%), while 2 patients were H. pylori positive and Rhesus negative (6.7%). Among patients who were H. Pylori urease positive; 3 were blood group A (10%), 9 were B (30%) and 18 were O (60%).Most patients 31(77.5%) had duodenal ulcers, while 9(22.5%) had gastric ulcers at oesophagogastrodudenoscopy. Out of those who had D.U at oesophagogastrodudenoscopy; 3 were Blood group A (9.7%), 10 were B (32.3%) and 18 were O (58.1%).while among those with G.U; 3 were Blood group B (33.3%) and 6 were O (66.7%). Rhesus factor was positive in 28 patients (93.3%) and negative in 2 patients (6.7%) among those who were urease positive. Patients with DU; 29(93.5%) were Rhesus positive and 2(6.5%) were negative. All patients with GU (9 patients) were Rhesus positive (100%). This implies that there was statistically significant correlation between the O blood group, positive Rhesus factor and H. Pylori infection in peptic ulcer disease patients. γ=0.023 and 0.024 respectively. Conclusion: This study suggests that can be a significant association between Rhesus positive group O and H. pylori infection.

The Relative Incidence of Hypertension Comorbidly Occurring with Diabetes in ABO/Rhesus Blood Groups and Haemoglobin Genotypes in South-Western Nigeria.

ABO blood groups, Rhesus factors and haemoglobin genotypes are all inherited blood characters. This this study was aimed at investigating the relative incidence of hypertension comorbidly occurring with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in ABO/Rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin genotypes in some residents of Abeokuta, South-Western Nigeria. Age and sex matched control subjects (n=150) and patients (n=470) [hypertensive nondiabetics (HND, n=179), normotensive diabetics (ND, n=132), hypertensive diabetics (HD, n=159)] presenting at the Medical Out-Patient Clinic of the State Hospital, Abeokuta, Nigeria were recruited. Standard electrophoretic and haemagglutination techniques were employed in testing the blood samples. Fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin, plasma creatinine and plasma urea were determined spectrophotometrically. Blood pressure and its component were also determined. Prevalence of hypertension and/or T2DM was observed in subjects with blood O followed by A. The phenotype frequencies of ABO blood group in both hypertensive and diabetic patients and controls (both sexes) are in the order O>A>B>AB. The RhD+ and RhD- distribution were similar in patients and their control counterparts (p > 0.05). The spectrum of haemoglobin electrophoresis among the controls and patients can be shown with a general formula HbAA>HbAS>HbAC>HbSS>HbSC>HbCC except in control female and HD female. The results obtained suggest that there is a strong positive relationship between blood group O and hypertension and/or T2DM. Large studies in other ethnic groups are needed to confirm these results.

¿Existe una relación entre la gastroenteritis rotavirus positivo y los grupos sanguíneos ABO? Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte / Is there a relationship between rotavirus positive gastroenteritis and ABO blood groups?: A retrospective cohort study

Introducción. El rotavirus es la causa más frecuente de diarrea grave en los niños. Son pocos los estudios clínicos sobre la relación entre la gastroenteritis por rotavirus y los grupos sanguíneos ABO. Objetivo. La meta de este estudio fue investigar la función de los grupos sanguíneos, en la incidencia de la gastroenteritis por rotavirus y la gravedad de la gastroenteritis. Métodos. Se realizó la investigación retrospectiva de las historias clínicas de los bebés que nacieron en nuestro hospital y a quienes, durante el seguimiento, se les diagnosticó gastroenteritis aguda. Resultados. En el estudio, se incluyeron 219 (36,3%) pacientes rotavirus positivos y 383 (63,6%) pacientes rotavirus negativos. El grupo sanguíneo A se detectó más frecuentemente en el grupo rotavirus positivo que en el grupo rotavirus negativo (50,6% frente a 42,2%, p= 0,047). Las tasas de hospitalización de los casos con gastroenteritis por rotavirus en los niños con el grupo sanguíneo A (30,6% frente a 8%, p < 0,001) fueron significativamente más altas. Conclusiones. Se determinó que la gastroenteritis por rotavirus fue más frecuente en los niños con el grupo sanguíneo A. Se detectó que las tasas de hospitalización de estos pacientes fueron más altas. Por lo tanto, en los niños con el grupo sanguíneo A, podría ser necesario estudiar cuidadosamente la gastroenteritis por rotavirus.

Introduction. Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in children. There is only a few clinical studies about the relationship between rotavirus gastroenteritis and ABO blood groups. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of blood groups, if any present, in the incidence of rotavirus gastroenteritis, and the severity of the gastroenteritis. Methods. The file records of babies born in our hospital and diagnosed with acute gastroenteritis in their follow up were investigated retrospectively. Results. The study was conducted with 219 (36.3%) rotavirus positive and 383 (63.6%) rotavirus negative patients. The A blood group was detected more commonly in the rotavirus positive group compared to the rotavirus negative group (50.6 vs. 42.2%, p= 0.047). Hospitalization rates of the cases with rotavirus gastroenteritis among children with the A blood group (30.6 vs. 8%, p=˂0.001) were significantly higher. Conclusions. Rotavirus gastroenteritis was determined to be more common in children with A blood group. The hospitalization rates of such patients were detected to be higher. Therefore, rotavirus gastroenteritis among children with blood group A should be monitored closely.