El principio ético de la intervención humana en la responsabilidad civil

Una de las mayores complejidades que se presentan respecto de la responsabilidad civil por daños causados por sistemas de inteligencia artificial viene dada por la dificultad de atribuir la conducta que causa daño a un sujeto particular. Frente a ello, este artículo expone la importancia del principio ético de la intervención humana para la responsabilidad civil, cuya función consiste en constituir la guía para la interpretación y aplicación de sus reglas en los casos en los que, como resultado de una acción u omisión emanada de una decisión, recomendación o predicción realizada por un sistema de inteligencia artificial, se causen daños a las personas.

One of the main challenges associated with regard to civil liability for damages resulting from artificial intelligence systems is the difficulty of attributing the behavior that led to harm to a specific individual. The aim of this article is to highlight the significance of the ethical principle of human intervention for civil liability. This principle serves as a guide for interpreting and applying rules when artificial intelligence systems cause harm to individuals due to actions, decisions, recommendations or predictions.

Uma das maiores complexidades que se apresentam a respeito da responsabilidade civil por danos causados por sistemas de inteligência artificial vem dada pela dificuldade de atribuir a conduta que causa dano a um sujeito particular. Frente a isso, este artigo expõe a importância do princípio ético da intervenção humana para a responsabilidade civil, cuja função consiste em constituir uma orientação para a interpretação e aplicação de suas regras nos casos em que, como resultado de uma ação ou omissão emanada de uma decisão, recomendação ou previsão realizada por um sistema de inteligência artificial, se cause danos às pessoas.

Desarrollo de categorías del modo de actuación creativo en estudiantes universitarios

Introducción: Es importante la relación entre el desarrollo de las categorías originalidad, flexibilidad, autonomía y motivación del modo de actuación creativo. El objetivo del artículo consistió en elaborar un sistema de indicaciones para el desarrollo de categorías del modo de actuación creativo en estudiantes universitarios. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación mixta, donde el universo lo constituyeron estudiantes de la carrera de Pedagogía-Sicología de la Universidad de Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez" en el curso 2021-2022 y se tomó una muestra aleatoria intencional de 24 educandos del tercer año. Resultados: El procesamiento estadístico de los instrumentos aplicados permitió ubicar al 75 % de la muestra entre un nivel medio y bajo en el desarrollo de categorías del modo de actuación creativo, por carencias en su expresión. Discusión: Desde fundamentos teóricos referenciados se analizó una propuesta de indicaciones que permiten la sistematización de contenidos de aprendizaje y facilitan el desarrollo de acciones autónomas y motivadoras para solucionar problemáticas en el contexto laboral. Conclusiones: La elaboración de indicaciones, desde la disciplina principal integradora y en estrecha relación con las categorías declaradas del modo de actuación creativo, facilitaron su desarrollo y demostraron pertinencia y factibilidad en el contexto de la práctica laboral.

Introduction: The relationship between the development of the categories of originality, flexibility, autonomy and motivation of the creative mode of action is important. The objective of the article was to develop a system of indications for the development of categories of the creative mode of action in university students. Methods: A mixed investigation was carried out, where the universe was made up of students of the Pedagogy-Psychology degree at the University of Sancti Spíritus "José Martí Pérez" in the 2021-2022 academic year and an intentional random sample of 24 students from the third year was taken. In the research, actions were designed to solve problems in work practice and a self-assessment scale about the development of the categories of the creative mode of action. Results: The statistical processing of the applied instruments allowed 75 % of the sample to be placed between a medium and low level in the development of categories of the creative mode of action, due to deficiencies in its expression. Discussion: From referenced theoretical foundations, a proposal of indications was analyzed that allow the systematization of learning content and facilitate the development of autonomous and motivating actions to solve problems in the work context. Conclusions: The development of indications, from the main integrative discipline and in close relationship with the declared categories of the creative mode of action, facilitated its development and demonstrated relevance and feasibility in the context of work practice.

The Effect of an Educational Intervention Based on the Health Action Process Approach on Nurses' Communication Skills / Efecto de una intervención educativa basada en el enfoque del proceso de acción en salud sobre las habilidades comunicativas de las enfermeras / Efeito de uma intervenção educativa baseada na abordagem do processo de ação em saúde nas habilidades de comunicação do enfermeiro. Estudo quase experimental com grupo controle

Objective. This study aimed to the effects of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) in promoting the quality of nurses' communication skills among nurses. Methods.The present quasi-experimental research was conducted on 148 nurses (76 in the intervention and 72 in the control group) in Yazd province (Iran). In this study, the total number of nurses in one hospital was selected as the intervention group, while the nurses from another hospital were chosen as the control group. The participants were recruited from public hospitals in Ardakan and Meibod cities. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire based on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) Constructs and a communicative skill questionnaire. The data were collected from the two groups before, one month after, and four months after the intervention. The control group did not receive any educational training during the course of the study. Results. In the pretest, no statistically significant difference was found between the intervention and control groups regarding the behavioral stages of effective communication with patients. In the posttest, the mean task self-efficacy score was significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control (p<0.001). The mean coping self-efficacy score was also significantly higher in the intervention group than the control in the posttest (p<0.001). Moreover, the mean coping planning score was significantly increased in the post-test intervention group(p<0.001). The mean communicative skill score was also significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the post-test control (p=0.03). Conclusion. The intervention used in the present study based on the target model (HAPA) significantly affected nurses' self-efficacy and communicative skills in the experimental group.

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto del enfoque del proceso de acción sanitaria (Health Action Process Approach (HAPA), en inglés) en la promoción de la calidad de las habilidades de comunicación de las enfermeras. Métodos. La presente investigación cuasiexperimental se llevó a cabo con 148 enfermeras (76 en el grupo de intervención y 72 en el de control) de la provincia de Yazd (Irán). Los participantes fueron reclutados en los hospitales públicos de las ciudades de Ardakan y Meibod. El instrumento de recogida de datos fue un cuestionario basado en los constructos HAPA y un cuestionario de habilidades comunicativas. Se recogieron datos de los dos grupos antes, un mes después y cuatro meses después de la intervención. El grupo de control no recibió ninguna formación educativa durante el estudio. Resultados. En la preprueba, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de intervención y de control en cuanto a las etapas conductuales de la comunicación eficaz con los pacientes. En la prueba posterior, la puntuación media de autoeficacia en la tarea aumentó significativamente en el grupo de intervención en comparación con el grupo de control (p<0.001). La puntuación media de autoeficacia en el afrontamiento también fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de intervención que en el grupo de control en el postest (p<0.001). Además, la puntuación media en planificación del afrontamiento aumentó significativamente en el grupo de intervención después de la prueba (p<0.001). La puntuación media en habilidades comunicativas también aumentó significativamente en el grupo de intervención en comparación con el grupo de control después de la prueba (p=0.03). Conclusión.La intervención utilizada en el presente estudio basada en el modelo HAPA mejoró significativamente la autoeficacia y las habilidades comunicativas de las enfermeras del grupo experimental.

Objetivo. Avaliar o efeito da Abordagem do Processo de Ação em Saúde (HAPA) na promoção da qualidade das habilidades de comunicação dos enfermeiros. Métodos. A presente pesquisa quase-experimental foi realizada com 148 enfermeiros (76 no grupo de intervenção e 72 no grupo de controle) da província de Yazd (Irã). Os participantes foram recrutados em hospitais públicos nas cidades de Ardakan e Meibod. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário baseado nos construtos do HAPA e um questionário de habilidades de comunicação. Os dados foram coletados dos dois grupos antes, um mês depois e quatro meses após a intervenção. O grupo de controle não recebeu nenhum treinamento educacional durante o estudo. Resultados. No pré-teste, não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos de intervenção e controle em termos de estágios comportamentais da comunicação eficaz com os pacientes. No pós-teste, a pontuação média de autoeficácia na tarefa aumentou significativamente no grupo de intervenção em comparação com o grupo de controle (p<0.001). A pontuação média de autoeficácia de enfrentamento também foi significativamente maior no grupo de intervenção do que no grupo de controle no pós-teste (p<0.001). Além disso, a pontuação média do planejamento de enfrentamento aumentou significativamente no grupo de intervenção após o pós-teste (p<0.001). A pontuação média em habilidades de comunicação também aumentou significativamente no grupo de intervenção em comparação com o grupo de controle no pós-teste (p=0.03). Conclusão. A intervenção usada no presente estudo com base no modelo HAPA melhorou significativamente a autoeficácia e as habilidades de comunicação dos enfermeiros do grupo experimental.

Mechanism of cinobufagin regulating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to reverse cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer A2780/DDP cells / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the reversal effect and mechanism of cinobufagin (CBG) on cisplatin resist- ance in human ovarian cancer cells . @*Methods @#A2780 cell line and its cisplatin-resistant cell line A2780/DDP are common ovarian cancer cells in clinic , so these two cell lines were selected as the research objects . The cell viabil- ity was detected by cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay , and the cell proliferation ability was detected by plate clo- ning and 5-ethynyl-2 ′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Hoechst staining was used to observe cell apoptosis . Cell scratch test and Transwell test were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion ability. Western blot and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the protein and mRNA expressions of phosphatidylinosi- tol 3-kinase/protein kinase ( PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT) . @*Results@#Compared with A2780 cells , the drug resistance indexes of A2780/DDP cells were 5 . 636 , 5 . 864 , 5 . 695 , respectively. After treatment of A2780/DDP cells with CBG (2 , 4 , 6 mg/ml) , the reversal resistance indexes were 1 . 617 , 2. 570 , 3 . 461 , respectively. CBG treatment significantly increased the level of apoptosis and inhibi- ted the proliferation , migration and invasion of the cells in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0. 05) . Western blot results showed that compared with A2780 cells , the relative ratio of P-PI3K/PI3K and P-AKT/AKT protein levels , as well as the protein expression of N-cadherin , Vimentin , and Snail were higher in the control group (A2780/DDP) cells , while the protein expression of E-cadherin was lower ( t P-PI3K/PI3K = 8 . 115 , t P-AKT/AKT = 17. 62 , t N-cadherin = 6. 126 , t Vimentin = 4. 001 , t Snail = 17. 333 , t E-cadherin = 4. 620 , P < 0. 01) ; As the dose of CBG increased , the protein expression levels of P-PI3K , P-AKT , N-cadherin , Vimentin , and Snail in drug-resistant cells de- creased , while the protein expression level of E-cadherin increased ( FP-PI3K = 268. 5 , FP-AKT = 190. 5 , FN-cadherin = 24. 02 , F Vimentin = 57 . 65 , FSnail = 87 . 24 , FE-cadherin = 135 . 8 , P < 0. 05) . qRT-PCR results showed that with the in- crease of CBG concentration , the mRNA expression levels of PI3K , AKT , N-cadherin , Vimentin and Snail de- creased , while the mRNA expression level of E-cadherin gradually increased ( FPI3K = 101 . 1 , FAKT = 558. 3 , FN-cadherin = 86. 97 , F Vimentin = 105 . 9 , FSnail = 85 . 71 , FE-cadherin = 80. 96 , P < 0. 01) .@*Conclusion @#CBG can reverse cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer A2780/DDP cell line , and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibition of EMT by CBG.

Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of spinal cord injury based on network pharmacology / 中国现代医生

Objective To verify the mechanism of Buyang Huanwu decoction in the treatment of spinal cord injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.Methods The active ingredients and targets of Buyang Huanwu decoction were screened out by TCMSP,SymMap,PubChem and Swiss Target Prediction databases.Spinal cord injury targets were retrieved from OMIM,GeneCards,TTD,and DrugBank databases.Through venny software,the intersection target of Buyang Huanwu decoction and spinal cord injury was obtained.The active ingredient-target network for the treatment of spinal cord injury was constructed with Cytoscape software.Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of common targets were carried out by DAVID,and the binding ability of drugs and targets was analyzed by molecular docking technology.Results A total of 106 active ingredients and 225 targets of Buyang Huanwu decoction,1315 targets of spinal cord injury and 112 targets of drug-disease intersection were obtained.The active ingredients of Buyang Huanwu decoction were quercetin,kaempferol,ellagic acid,luteolin and hederagenin in the treatment of spinal cord injury.Conclusion Buyang Huanwu decoction can achieve the purpose of treating spinal cord injury through various signal pathways.

Research progress on the intervention of traditional Chinese medicine in renal interstitial fibrosis based on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway / 中国药房

Renal interstitial fibrosis（RIF） is the main pathological manifestation of chronic kidney disease. Due to the complexity of the mechanism， there is no specific treatment for RIF in clinical practice. The abnormal activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B（Akt） signaling pathway and the activation of downstream target genes are key drivers of RIF induction and progression. Traditional Chinese medicine has the characteristics of precise efficacy and minimal toxic side effects， and the occurrence and development of RIF can be regulated by multiple targets and mutual coordination. This review focuses on the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and summarizes the potential targets and regulatory mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of RIF. It is found that various effective ingredients （such as sinomenine， mangiferin， coumarin derivates from Hydrangea paniculata， etc.） and formulas （such as Fushengong decoction， Qi-Bang-Yi-Shen formula， etc.） of traditional Chinese medicine can inhibit fibroblast proliferation， improve inflammation and oxidative stress， maintain mitochondrial stability， and slow down ferroptosis through this pathway， thereby delaying the occurrence and progression of RIF.

Mechanism of CGAS-STING Signaling Pathway in Regulating Ischemic Stroke and Intervention of Traditional Chinese Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ischemic stroke is a common clinical cerebrovascular disease，and its incidence is increasing year by year. Current clinical treatments for stroke mainly include thrombolysis and intravenous thrombectomy，both of which are subject to significant time constraints and often result in residual symptoms，reducing the quality of life for patients. Research has found that there are multiple pathways and mechanisms in the pathological process of stroke，such as the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase （cGAS）/stimulator of interferon gene （STING） pathway. Currently，researchers in China and abroad have conducted extensive studies on the occurrence and development of ischemic stroke， as well as the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） intervention for stroke. The results indicate that traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） can regulate the cGAS/STING pathway to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress，decrease neuronal cell death，and effectively alleviate brain damage from stroke，and it has unique advantages in improving symptoms and prognosis. This article summarized the recent research progress of the mechanism of cGAS/STING pathway regulation in stroke and related TCM intervention，so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of ischemic stroke with TCM characteristics.

Research Progress of Acupuncture in Improving Central Nervous System Diseases by Regulating BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

As a key regulator of neuronal growth， development and synaptic plasticity， BDNF/ TrkB signaling pathway is widely involved in the occurrence and development of central nervous system diseases， such as ischemic stroke， Alzheimer's disease， Parkinson's disease and spinal cord injury. Studies have shown that acupuncture can regulate the activity of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway， and has significant therapeutic potential for these diseases. Its mechanism of action is related to participating in synaptic remodeling， inhibiting neuronal apoptosis， and promoting neurogenesis or synaptic regeneration. This article reviews the role of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in central nervous system diseases and the regulation mechanism of acupuncture on this pathway， in order to provide new ideas for clinical treatment. Future studies should further explore the precise regulatory mechanism of acupuncture on BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in order to develop more efficient and safe treatment strategies.

Zhuangtongyin Modulates Ferroptosis via the Nrf2-SCL7A11/xCT-Gpx4 Pathway to Improve Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of Zhuangtongyin on the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion （MCAO） model by modulating ferroptosis through the Nrf2-SCL7A11/xCT-Gpx4 pathway and its underlying mechanism. MethodsC57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into Sham operation group （Sham）， model group （MCAO）， low-dose Zhuangtongyin group （ZTY-L）， high-dose Zhuangtongyin group（ZTY-H）， with 5 mice in each group. The MCAO group was modelled by silica gel embolization， the middle cerebral artery of mice was embolized for 1h， then the silica gel was pulled out and reperfusion was performed after 72 h； and the other operations in the Sham group were the same as those in the MCAO group except that the thread plug was not inserted. The neural function of mice was evaluated by Zea-Longa method. TTC staining was used to evaluate the volume of cerebral infarction. The level of brain injury was evaluated by HE staining and Nissl staining. Prussian blue staining and the expression of iron transport-related carrier receptors TfR1 and DMT1 on mRNA level was detected by qPCR to evaluate the iron ion deposition level in mice brain. The expression of lipid peroxidation-related gene ACSL4 on mRNA level was detected by qPCR， and the content of 4-HNE was detected by ELISA kit to evaluate the lipid peroxidation level of mice brain. The expressions of ferroptosis marker PTGS2 mRNA level was detected by qPCR. The expressions of Nrf2， SCL7A11/xCT， Gpx4 in mice brain tissue were detected by Western-blot and immunofluorescence. ResultsZhuangtongyin improved the nerve function of mice after MCAO （P＜0.05） and the cerebral infarction volume of mice （P＜0.05） and alleviate the pathological injury of cerebral cortex cells after MCAO operation. Zhuangtongyin attenuated the accumulation of trivalent iron ions in the brain tissue of mice following MCAO. Additionally， Zhuangtongyin downregulated the expression of TfR1 and DMT1 mRNA （P＜0.001）， a transporter associated with cellular iron ion uptake， in the brains of post-MCAO mice. Furthermore， Zhuangtongyin reduced levels of lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE （P＜0.001） and suppressed ACSL4 mRNA expression in brain tissue post-MCAO （P＜0.001）. Besides， Zhuangtongyin downregulated the expression of PTGS2 mRNA （P＜0.001）， in the brains of post-MCAO mice. Zhuangtongyin increased the expression of nrf2 into the nucleus （P＜0.001）， and increased the expression of xCT and Gpx4 in neurons after MCAO （P＜0.001）. ConclusionZhuangtongyin can enhance the nerve function and reduce cerebral infarction volume in MCAO/R mice， alleviate the pathological damage of cerebral cortex cells， and modulate the expression of key signaling molecules in the Nrf2-SCL7A11/xCT-Gpx4 pathway. Therefore， it is suggested that the mechanism by which Zhuangtongyin improves MCAO/R injury in mice may involve regulating ferroptosis through the Nrf2-SCL7A11/xCT-GPX4 pathway.

Signaling pathways in the mechanism underlying active ingredients of Chinese medicine in the treatment of osteoarthritis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disease of skeletal muscle,and the incidence of osteoarthritis is increasing yearly,but its pathogenesis is not clear.The commonly used drugs for osteoarthritis include non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and glucocorticoid.Adverse drug reactions to these drugs can reduce patient compliance and ultimately affect the efficacy of treatment.Active ingredients in Chinese medicine are closely scrutinized for their safety and other characteristics. OBJECTIVE:Through reviewing the research progress in the effect of active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine on osteoarthritis-related signaling pathways,to provide ideas and theoretical basis for the research,development,and application of new drugs in the prevention and treatment of osteoarthritis. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,VIP,PubMed,and GeenMedical were searched for relevant literature in the last 10 years.The key words were"OA,osteoarthritis,traditional Chinese medicine,active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,chondrocyte,inflammation,signal pathways,mechanism"in Chinese and English.We excluded the irrelevant repetitive and older literature,and finally included 63 articles for further review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine regulate the levels of inflammatory factors,promote the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes,regulate the apoptosis of chondrocytes,and delay the degeneration of chondrocytes through Wnt/β-catenin,NK-ΚB,P38 MAPK,PI3K/AKT,JAK2/STAT3 and other signaling pathways,thus slowing the progression of osteoarthritis.

Action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells regulating immune response in treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disease,which often leads to the death of neurons in the brain and spinal cord.The pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is extremely complex,with high refractory rate and mortality rate.There are only two kinds of drugs for its treatment,so it is urgent to develop new treatment methods to improve the prognosis of patients. OBJECTIVE:To review the mechanism of Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. METHODS:"Traditional Chinese medicine,medical stem cells,ALS,immune response"were Chinese and English search terms.Articles were retrieved from WanFang,CNKI,PubMed,Web of Science and other databases from 2010 to 2023.Finally,69 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The article summarizes in detail the five mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:mainly including the promotion of expression of closed zone protein-1 and closed protein-5 by traditional Chinese medicine such as borneol and astragaloside IV to rebuild the integrity of the blood central nervous system barrier.Fufangteng Mixture can regulate the receptor molecules on the surface of the natural killer cells to inhibit their autotoxicity.The complement system factors such as Scutellaria barbata and patchouli can inhibit their abnormal activation.Tripterygium wilfordii and Uncaria rhynchophylla inhibit the activation of microglia by mediating the production of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase.Zuogui Pill and Trichosanthes kirilowii Root promote the expression of interleukin-10 and regulate T cells to improve the immune environment.(2)Through existing research,five mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells regulating the immune response in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been summarized,mainly including reducing the expression of aquaporin 4 and reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthase signal transduction to repair the integrity of the immune barrier;releasing indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase,prostaglandin E2 and other factors to resist natural killer cell toxicity;secretion factor H interferes with the activity of invertase and inhibits abnormal activation of the complement system;regulating the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 system axis or secreting transforming growth factors β,which can change the phenotype of microglia and inhibit its activity by other ways;increasing the expression of interleukin-10 or activating the STATS phosphorylation pathway to restore T cell function.(3)At present,there are few studies on the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Relevant research reports have shown that Jiweiling Injection can promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation and that Buyang Huanwu decoction combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly improve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.In the future,further exploration is needed to explore the synergistic treatment effect of both on refractory amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Characterization and mechanism by which nighttime exercise affects sleep / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:With the extensive development of national fitness activities,nighttime exercise has gradually become a social trend.However,what effects nighttime exercise will have on sleep,the characterization of sleeping changes and the mechanisms of action are not clear. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the characterization and mechanisms of nighttime exercise on sleep. METHODS:We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),PubMed database,and Web of Science database with the search terms of"sport,exercise,physical activity,physical exercise,workout,sleep,asleep,daily routine"in Chinese,and"nocturnality,night,nighttime,exercise,sport,physical activity,sleep,slumber,dorm"in English for literature on how nighttime exercise affects sleep and its mechanism of action.Finally,55 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Sleep consists of two phases:rapid eye movement and non-rapid eye movement.Sleep regulation relies on the close coordination of neural circuits and molecules in different brain regions,while the homeostatic components of the organism and circadian rhythms are also important factors in the regulation of sleep.The effects of exercise on sleep have evolved from an early focus on the central nervous system to the addition of somatic physiology,and now multiple dimensions have been investigated,revealing multifaceted effects of exercise on sleep,including subjective sleep quality,sleep continuity,and sleep quantity and sleep structure.Nighttime exercise-affected sleep is subjected to the constraints of exercise conditions and exercisers and shows certain complexity,but the heterogeneity,time-dependence,and instability characteristics of nighttime exercise-affected sleep can provide some guidance for nighttime exercisers in minimizing the impact on sleep.Mechanisms by which nighttime exercise affects sleep are related to the reduction of melatonin secretion,the increase of core body temperature,and energy expenditure.People with high sensitivity of their own sleep to nighttime exercise should avoid nighttime exercise as much as possible,and those with low sensitivity should also pay attention to the fact that the time of nighttime exercise should have a long interval with sleeping time,and the intensity should not be too high.Some measures can be adopted to safeguard sleep after exercise,such as energy replenishing after exercise,and reduced use of electronic devices.

Research progress on the role of cardiac myosin binding protein-C in cardiovascular diseases / 新乡医学院学报

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C(cMyBP-C),as an important component of myocardium coarse filaments,can regulate cross-bridge circulation through phosphorylation or dephosphorylation and participates in myocardial systolic and diastolic functions.cMyBP-C plays an important role in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)such as acute myocardial infarction,cardiomyopathy,heart failure,aortic stenosis,hypertensive myocardial hypertrophy,and myocarditis,but the specific mechanism has not been fully clarified.This article reviews the research progress on the role of cMyBP-C in CVDs,in order to provide references for the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation of CVDs.

Effect of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Autophagy on Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonatal Rats / 医学研究杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of inhibiting autophagy induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS)on necrotiz-ing enterocolitis(NEC)in neonatal rats.Methods First,the NEC model of neonatal rats was established.Then,the intestinal epitheli-al cells were isolated and divided into three groups:control group,inhibition group and induction group.The control group was cultured normally,the inhibition group was added with 4-phenylbutyric acid,and the induction group was added with tunicamycin for 24hours.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the expression of the cellular inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and intestinal fatty acid binding protein(I-FABP)in each group.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reac-tion(RT-qPCR)was used to detect the mRNA expression level of the markers of ERS glucose regulated protein 78(GRP78)and oxy-gen-regulated protein 150(ORP150).Western blot was used to detect the expression of autophagy related proteins LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ and p62.Results Compared with the control group,the expression of p62 in the inhibition group increased significantly,the expression of TNF-α,I-FABP,GRP78,ORP150,LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ in the inhibition group was significantly decreased,while the expression of p62 in the induc-tion group was significantly decreased,the expressions of TNF-α,Ⅰ-FABP,GRP78,ORP150,LC3 Ⅱ/Ⅰ were significantly increased,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Inhibition of ERS induced autophagy activation can alleviate intestinal mucosal injury and inflammatory response in neonatal rats with NEC and improve intestinal barrier function.

Research Progress on Changes of Lower Limb Stiffness in Older Adults During Ageing / 医用生物力学

Walking downstairs and running are common actions in daily life;however,older adults with functional decline are prone to falls or injuries.To cope with various situations and avoid falls,the first neuroprotective motor mechanism activated by the body is the regulation of lower limb stiffness.Hence,this study retrieved and collected relevant research results from databases such as China Knowledge,Wanfang,Google Scholar,and Web of Science,using key words such as elderly and lower limb stiffness,and summarized the similarities and differences in changes in lower limb stiffness in different action tasks.The findings show that interventions on controllable factors can improve changes in lower limb stiffness to prevent falls in older adults.However,owing to the small number of related studies,it is necessary to further investigate the effects of action interventions on lower limb stiffness in older adults to obtain reliable regularity features and references.

Characteristics of functional movements after brace treatment for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and development of a nomogram prediction model of factors influencing efficacy / 中国脊柱脊髓杂志

Objectives:To analyze the functional movement characteristics after brace treatment for patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis(AIS),and to develop and validate a nomogram model to predict the risk of poor outcome.Methods:AIS patients who were treated with braces at our institution from March 2020 to March 2022 were collected as a training set,and were tested for functional movement before treatment,at initial follow-up and after treatment.The same criteria were used to collect AIS patients who underwent brace treatment in our hospital from April 2022 to August 2022 as the validation set.On the basis of whether the degree of scoliosis progression was＞5° after 1 year of treatment,the patients in the training set were divided into stable(≤5°)and progressive(＞5°)groups.Comparison of data was made between groups.Spearman corre-lation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between variables.Logistic regression model was used to screen the risk factors for poor outcomes.R software was applied to develop a nomogram prediction model.Area under curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve and calibration curve were applied to evaluate the discrimination and accuracy of the model.Internal validation was performed with the model predicted risk values before and after training set Bootstrap self-sampling as the test variables and the actual prognosis of patients as the state variable;External validation of the model was performed after randomization of the validation set Bootstrap self-sampling.Results:A total of 102 patients with AIS were included in the training set.There were 73 cases in the stable group and 29 cases in the progressive group(range of degrees of progression:8° to 27°).The median follow-up time was 15.4 months.Both thoracic and lumbar Cobb angles decreased significantly after treatment(P＜0.05).Rotational stability and push-ups were higher at initial follow-up than before treatment,and scores on bow-step squat,hurdle striding,rotational stability,and push-ups improved after treatment(P＜0.05).There was no significant correlation between functional movement characteristics and Cobb angle(P＞0.05).Pre-treatment Cobb angle≥35°,Risser's sign≥3°,apex rotation≥degree Ⅲ,and spinal length gain≥20mm/year were independent risk factors for scoliosis progression.Lumbar spine bone density≥0.8g/cm2 and spinal flexibility≥50%were protective factors.The total value of the risk of scoliosis progression after brace treatment predicted by the nomogram model was 0.93.The AUCs before and after training set self-sampling were 0.928(95%CI:0.858-0.998)and 0.926(95%CI:0.854-0.997),respectively.The validation set included 37 patients.The external validation AUC for validation set was 0.891(95%CI:0.857-0.998).The calibration curves all showed good degree of fitting.Conclusions:Patients with AIS have poor movement patterns due to spinal restrictions.Brace treatment improves trunk stability and rotational stability,which has good corrective effects on the movement pattern.AIS patients with Cobb angle≥35°,Risser's sign≥3°,apex rotation≥degree Ⅲ,spinal length gain≥20mm/year,lumbar spine bone mineral density＜0.8g/cm2,and spinal flexibility＜50%before treatment who underwent bracing are prone to scoliosis progression.Timely warning shall be made based on the nomogram model and postural correction needs to be supplemented at appropriate time to improve the prognosis of AIS brace treatment.

Advances in the study of mesenchymal stem cells in obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are self-regenerating,rapidly proliferating pluripotent stem cells that depend primarily on their derived pro-angiogenic,inflammatory regulatory,and tro-phic factors to exert beneficial effects that attenu-ate deleterious inflammatory responses,reduce vascular damage,and promote tissue repair and re-generation.Obstructive sleep apnea hypoventila-tion syndrome(OSAHS)is a chronic disorder marked by oropharyngeal collapse during sleep,re-sulting in transient reduced airflow,large fluctua-tions in intrathoracic pressure,and intermittent hy-poxia and hypercapnia.OSAHS subsequently cyto-kine-mediated inflammatory cascades,oxidative stress,and ischemia,recruit MSCs from inflamed and damaged tissues through MSCs-derived of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factor activity,re-duce hypoxia,suppress inflammation,promote re-generation,and prevent fibrosis in OSAHS-injured tissues.In this paper,we will describe the patho-genesis of inflammation,oxidative stress,fibrosis and ischemia from the perspective of OSAHS,high-lighting the current research progress on MSCs-de-pendent regulation of OSAHS-related pathology.

Research progress of transcranial alternating current stimulation in the treatment of cognitive impairment in neuropsychiatric diseases / 中国神经精神疾病杂志

Cognitive dysfunction is the impairment of higher brain functions.Cognitive impairment caused by neuropsychiatric diseases has caused serious impact on patients'quality of life and the outcome of the disease.The transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)improves cognitive function by modulating neural oscillations of specific frequencies,affecting the release of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine,and enhancing local and distal synchronization of brain networks.Specific frequencies of tACS can improve the cognitive impairment caused by Alzheimer disease(AD),schizophrenia,and depression,among which the gamma and theta frequencies of tACS have the most significant effects on cognitive function.tACS has high safety and low operational difficulty,and has great potential to improve cognitive function.

Research progress on the role of SHP-2 in tumor-associated macrophages / 中国比较医学杂志

Tumor-associated macrophages(TAMs)are the predominant cell group in the tumor microenvironment(TME)and are the most important regulatory cells of immune system suppression and tumor cell proliferation in TIME.Src homology-2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2(SHP-2)is a non-receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase that plays an important role in the transmission of signals from the cell surface to the nucleus.SHP-2 is a key intracellular regulatory factor mediating cell proliferation and differentiation and is involved in a variety of growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways linking the cell surface to the nucleus.Recent studies have shown that SHP-2 is a key enzyme in determining the function of TAMs,but because of its variable function,it plays different or even opposite roles in different solid TMEs.This paper reviews the function of SHP-2 in TAMs and related solid tumors to provide a comprehensive reference for tumor immunity and targeted therapy research.

Fixed-ratio combination of basal insulin and GLP-1 receptor agonists:mechanism and clinical trials progress / 中国糖尿病杂志

Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a progressive disease that has a complex pathophys-iology mechanism.As T2DM progresses,a combination of antidiabetic drugs with multiple mechanisms of action may often be required to correct the multiple pathophysiological defects to achieve glycemic control.The basal insulin/glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist(GLP-1RA)fixed-ratio combination(FRC)is a once-daily injectable treatment that allows simultaneous administration of two antidiabetic drugs with complementary mechanisms,addressing seven of eight key defects in T2DM to achieve glycemic control comprehensively and effectively.This article will discuss the mechanism of action and clinical trials progress at home and abroad of basal insulin/GLP-1RA FRC,only to provide reference information for clinicians.