Inhibition of LIM kinase reduces contraction and proliferation in bladder smooth muscle

Overactive bladder (OAB) is the most bothersome symptom in lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Current pharmacologic treatment aims to inhibit detrusor contraction; however, shows unsatisfied efficacy and high discontinuation rate. LIM kinases (LIMKs) promote smooth muscle contraction in the prostate; however, their function in the bladder smooth muscle remains unclear. Here, we studied effects of the LIMK inhibitors on bladder smooth muscle contraction and proliferation both

Time Series Investigation of Milk Production in Major States of India Using ARIMA Modeling

In India, white revolution was started during 1970’s with Operation flood programme. After this revolution, production of milk in India had tremendously increased. Contribution of diary sector has continuously increased in Indian Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Livestock sector has emerged as an essential growth driver of the Indian wealth. This study is associated with time series data of five major milk producing states in 2017-18 in India. The milk production projection has been made using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving average model (ARIMA) for year 2024-25. From the forecasted figures, Uttar Pradesh would be leading states of India in milk production with 37.68 MMT in year 2024-25. Whole India milk production would reach 252.948 MMT in year 2024-25. This projection helps in formulating national agricultural policy as well as proper planning for products into dairy sector

HYPEREXTENSION TRAUMA IN PATIENTS WITH CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS / Мэс засал

Introduction: Due to cervical spondylosispatients with cervical stenosis who hadhyperextension trauma developed spinalcord stress and contusions, tetraplegia anddisability and mortality. Cervical spondylosispatients with hyperextension traumatreatment management still not clearedout throughout the world and very fewresearch has been done in our country.We have been introduced our surgical andrehabilitation comparison research study ofcervical spondylosis trauma in 2015. Our goalis to develop treatment management forthe hyperextension trauma in patients withcervical spondylosis.1. To compare surgical treatmentresults between patients who hadhyperextension injury to the cervical spinewhich were treated at the Departmentof Spinal Surgery of the National Traumaand Orthopaedic Research Center ofMongolia.2. To study biomechanical effects after thesurgeryMaterial and methods: 42 cervicalspondylosis patients with hyperextensioninjury have been chosen retrospectively toevaluate the surgical, conservative, andrehabilitative treatments and results wereanalyzed by SPSS, EXCEL program who weretreated at the Department of Spinal Surgeryof the National Trauma and OrthopaedicResearch Center of Mongolia from 2012-September 2016. Over 20% canal stenosiscases were chosen for laminectomy andanterior discectomy and fusion surgeriesalong with conservative and rehabilitationtreatment. Up to 20% canal stenosis 10cases which is 23.8% of all patients weretreated by conservative treatment.Results: From 42 patients there was 10females and 32 males. Average ages were56±7.9. By the cause of injury 62% werecar accident, 23% motorcycle accident, 10%fall from horse riding and 5% were otherfalls respectively. All patients had neurologicdeficits according to the level of spinal cordinjury. 36 (85.7%) patients had C4-C5 andC5-C6 level injury and 15 (35.7) patients wererecovered from spinal shock after high dosesteroid treatment. According to the X-RAYall patients had cervical spondylosis signand 4 (9.5%) of them had facet fractureswith stable spine condition. After CT scanspinal cord injury located at C3-C4, C4-C5and C5-C6 levels and patients developedfacet arthrosis, ossification of ligaments andintervertebral discs. Clinical signs and CT scans were evaluated and 4 cervical spondylosispatients with hyperextension injury hadlaminectomy and 2 patient had anteriordiscectomy and fusion surgeries. Canalstenosis is decompressed after laminectomysurgery and cervical lordosis is reduced by 7degrees but after anterior discectomy andfusion surgery cervical lordosis is reducedby 3 degrees. Neurological deficit increasinglaminectomy cases had C5 palsy becauseof cord shift (2.4-4mm) which resulted bydenticulate ligament tethering.Conclusion: There were no significantstatistical (P≤.05) differences betweensurgical and rehabilitation treatmentsin cervical spondylosis patients withhyperextension injury who’s canal stenosiswere below 20% [1,2,3,4,5].In our practice itis essential to make laminectomy and anteriordiscectomy and fusion surgeries in 72 hoursafter trauma to help the patient recoverfrom the spinal shock and reabsorption ofcord contusion. For one or two level canalstenosis especially with the OPLL, artificialdisc replacement and ADF surgeries showedbetter results. In multiple level canal stenosiswith OLF and OPLL cases laminectomyand laminoplasty are choice for surgery. Incomparison to foreign study/ Biomechanicalinvestigation of spinal cord injury and diseasein cervical spine Batbayar.K Seoul.2016[2]/ our surgical treatment showed similarresults. Among cervical spondylosis patientswith hyperextension trauma cases whotreated in Spine Department of NationalTrauma and Orthopaedic Hospital, mortalityand disability is increasing and it is essentialto follow correct diagnostic and treatmentalgorithms.

Caracterização nutricional da silagem de bagaço de cana de açucar (Saccharum officinarum L) adicionada ou não de soro de queijo e/ou grão de milho / Characterization of nutritional silage of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L) marc added or no of whey and/or grain of corn / Caracterización nutricional de ensilaje del bagazo de cana-de-azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L) añadido o no de suero de queso y/o grano de maiz

O trabalho foi conduzido com o uso de dois subprodutos das agroindústrias regionais - bagaço de cana de açúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) e soro de queijo. Estes subprodutos isoladamente apresentam baixo valor nutricional, porém quando associados podem ser reaproveitados para uso na alimentação de ruminantes. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetivou analisar a composição bromatológica de tais subprodutos na forma de ensilagem com adição ou não do grão de milho. Foram confeccionados silos experimentais com canos de PVC de 10 centímetros de diâmetro por 50 cm de comprimento, contendo os seguintes tratamentos: tratamento controle - bagaço de cana de açúcar com adição de água; tratamento 1- bagaço de cana de açúcar com adição de soro de queijo; e tratamento 2- bagaço de cana de açúcar com adição de soro de queijo e grão de milho, com três repetições cada. Amostras de materiais antes da ensilagem e após a abertura dos silos foram colhidas para avaliar os percentuais de matéria seca (MS), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), proteína bruta (PB), cinzas e pH. O maior percentual de MS foi obtido na silagem contendo soro e milho. Os percentuais de PB e cinzas foram pouco influenciados pelos tratamentos. Os valores de pH estiveram no padrão aceitável para silagens de boa qualidade. A adição de soro e grão de milho melhorou os teores de MS, FDA e pH das silagens. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram que a silagem com adição de soro e milho apresentaram melhores resultados nos percentuais de MS, FDA e pH das silagens, o que justifica seu uso na alimentação de ruminantes.

The study was conducted using two byproducts of regional agribusinesses - sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) marc and cheese whey. These by-products have low nutritional value alone, but when combined can be recycled for use in ruminant feed. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the chemical composition of by-products such as silage with or without addition of corn grain. Experimental silos were made with PVC pipes 10 inches in diameter by 50 cm long, containing the following treatments: control diet - sugar cane marc with added water; treatment 1 - sugar cane marc with added whey cheese, and treatment 2 - sugar cane marc with added whey and corn grain, with three replicates each. Samples of material before ensiling and after opening the silos were collected to evaluate the percentage of dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), ash and pH. The highest percentage of MS was obtained in serum-containing and corn silage. The percentages of crude protein and ash were little affected by treatments. The pH values were in the acceptable standard for good quality silage. The addition of serum and improved corn grain DM, FDA and pH of silages. These results demonstrated that the addition of whey silage and corn showed better results in the percentage of MS, FDA and pH of silages, which justifies its use in ruminant feed.

El estudio se realizó con el uso de dos subproductos agroindustriales regionales - bagazo de caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.) y suero de queso. Estos subproductos aislados presentan bajo valor nutricional, pero cuando asociados pueden ser reaprovechados para uso en la alimentación de rumiantes. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la composición bromatológica de estos subproductos en la forma de ensilaje, con o sin adición de grano de maíz. Silos experimentales fueron hechos con tubos de PVC de 10 cm de diámetro y 50 cm de largo, que contiene los siguientes tratamientos: tratamiento control - bagazo de caña de azúcar con agua añadida; el tratamiento 1 - bagazo de caña de azúcar con adición de suero de queso; y tratamiento 2 - bagazo de caña de azúcar con suero de queso y grano de maíz, con tres repeticiones cada uno. Muestras de materiales antes del ensilaje y después de la apertura de los silos fueron recogidas para evaluar los porcentuales de materia seca (MS), fibra en detergente ácido (FDA), proteína cruda (PC), cenizas y pH. El mayor porcentaje de MS se obtuvo en el ensilaje conteniendo suero y maíz. El porcentaje de proteína cruda y cenizas fueron poco afectados por los tratamientos. Los valores de pH estuvieron en estándar aceptable para ensilajes de buena calidad. La adición de suero y grano de maíz ha mejorado los contenidos de MS, FDA y pH de los ensilajes. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que el ensilaje con adición de suero y maíz presentaron mejores resultados en los porcentuales de MS, FDA y pH de los ensilajes, lo que justifica su uso en la alimentación de los rumiantes.

Diallyl disulfide inhibits migration and invasion in human colon cancer SW480 cells through Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:This work aims to investigate diallyl disulfide (DADS) inhibition of cell migration and invasion in human colon cancer SW480 cells through the Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway. Methods:The potential of cell migration and invasion was examined by scratch healing assay and transwell membrane assay. The expression of Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results:After the SW480 cells were treated with 40 and 50 mg·L-1 of DADS for 24 h, the number of transmembrane cells through the Matrigel obviously decreased by 57.12%and 64.59%, respectively (P0.05). After the treatment with 45 mg·L-1 of DADS for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, the expression of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, and Destrin proteins respectively decreased in a time-dependent manner compared with the control group (P0.05). Moreover, the expression of p-LIMK1 and p-cofilin1 notably decreased in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion:DADS inhibits cell migration and invasion, which is related to the down-regulation of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, p-LIMK1, p-cofilin1, and destrin through the Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway.

Produtividade e composição bromatológica de Brachiaria spp., no Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha / Productivity and bromatological composition of Brachiaria spp. in the Higher Jequitinhonha Valley

Avaliaram-se a produtividade de matéria seca (MS), proporção de lâminas e composição bromatológica de Brachiaria spp., colhidas com 42 dias de rebrotação, em Diamantina, MG. Para a determinação dos teores de MS, PB, FDN, FDA e lignina utilizaram-se o esquema em parcelas subsubdivididas, no DIC, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas foram distribuídas as cultivares Basilisk, Marandu, Xaraés, Llanero e B. humidicola comum; nas subparcelas, dois cortes, e, nas subsubparcelas, dois anos experimentais. A produção de MS total e a proporção de lâminas foram analisadas em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com espécies/cultivares nas parcelas e anos nas subparcelas. A produção de MS no segundo ano (3 cortes) foi mais alta que no primeiro (2 cortes), destacando-se as cultivares Basilisk, Xaraés e Llanero. De modo geral, as cultivares apresentaram teores satisfatórios de PB, mais altos no segundo ano. Os teores de FDN foram mais baixos no segundo ano e os de lignina mais baixos no primeiro ano. As cultivares Xaraés e Marandu destacam-se pela elevada proporção de folhas e apresentam composição bromatológica semelhante a da cultivar Basilisk. Associando-se a composição bromatológica com a produtividade de MS, recomendam-se as cultivares Xaraés e Basilisk para as condições do Alto Vale do Jequitinhonha.

Dry matter production, proportion of leaf blades and chemical composition of Brachiaria spp. harvested at intervals of 42 days of regrowth, in Diamantina, MG were evaluated. The DM, CP, NDF, ADF and lignin contents were analyzed in a split-split plot completely randomized design, with four replicates. Five cultivars of Brachiaria were distributed in the plots, two cuts in the split-plot, and two experimental years in the split-split plot. The dry matter production and the proportion of leaf blades were analyzed in a split plot completely randomized design, with cultivars in the plots and years in the subplots. The dry matter production in the second year (3 cuts) was higher than in the first (2 cuts), especially with the cultivars Basilisk, Xaraés and Llanero. Generally, the cultivars presented satisfactory levels of CP, with higher values in the second year. The contents of NDF were lower in the second year and the lowest levels of lignin were in the first year. Cultivars Xaraés and Marandu stand out for the high proportion of leaves and presented chemical composition similar to the Basilisk cultivar. Based on the chemical composition and dry matter production, Xaraés and Basilisk cultivars are recommended for cultivation in the Jequitinhonha High Valley.

Equações de predição para estimar valores da energia metabolizável de alimentos concentrados energéticos para aves utilizando meta-análise / Prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values of energetic concentrate feedstuffs for poultry by the meta-analysis process

Obtiveram-se equações de predição dos valores de energia metabolizável aparente corrigida (EMAn) para alimentos energéticos mais utilizados nas dietas de frangos de corte por meio do princípio da meta-análise. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica de estudos realizados no Brasil para catalogar informações sobre valores de EMAn e composição química dos alimentos (PB; EE; MM; FB, FDN e FDA). Também foram considerados os efeitos de sexo, macho, fêmea e mistos de idade (primeira e segunda semanas, terceira e quarta semanas, quinta e sexta semanas e acima de seis semanas ou indefinido), e da metodologia empregada no metabolismo (coleta total de excretas ou alimentação forçada + coleta total de excretas), formando um esquema fatorial (3x4x2). Adotou-se o procedimento de Stepwise para estudar a associação entre as variáveis, incluindo-as na equação em função de suas importâncias, e o Proc Reg do SAS para ajustar o modelo de regressão linear múltipla. As melhores equações para estimar a EMAn dos alimentos foram EMAn = 4371,18 - 26,48PB + 30,65EE - 126,93MM - 52,26FB - 25,14FDN + 24,40FDA (R²=0,81) e EMAn = 4205,23 + 30,58EE - 130,35MM - 58,29FB - 28,31FDN + 16,71FDA (R²=0,81). As variáveis FDN e FDA foram importantes nas equações ao influenciarem os valores energéticos dos alimentos.

Prediction equations were obtained for the apparent metabolizable energy (EMAn) values of energetic feedstuffs used in broiler chicken diets by meta-analysis. A bibliographical review of the studies carried out in Brazil was performed to collect information concerning energy values and chemical composition (CP, EE, MM, CF, NDF, and ADF) of feedstuffs. The effects of gender (male, female and mixed), age (1st and 2nd week, 3rd and 4th week, 5th and 6th week, and older 6th weeks or indefinite), and the metabolism assay methodology (excrete total collection or forced fed + excrete total collection) were also considered, constituting a factorial scheme (3x4x2). The stepwise procedure was used to study the association among equation variables by their importance, and Proc Reg (SAS) was used to fit the multiple linear regression model. The equations which best estimated the EAMn of the energetic feedstuffs were AME = 4,371.18 - 26.48CP + 30.65EE - 126.93MM - 52.26CF - 25.14NDF + 24.40FDA (R²=0.81) and AME = 4,205.23 + 30.58EE - 130.35MM - 58.29CF - 28.31NDF + 16.71NDA (R²=0.81). NDF and ADF variables were important in the equations, influencing the feedstuffs energetic values.

Adefovir Dipivoxil / Adefovir Dipivoxil

El adefovir es un nucleótido que se utiliza por vía oral, sin resistencia conocida hasta los dos años de tratamiento. Actúa en los pacientes con hepatitis B crónica Age+ y Age-, es efectivo en resistentes a lamivudina. Es un medicamento bien tolerado en cirróticos descompensados y trasplantados. Se requiere ajuste de dosis con alteración de la función renal.

Adefovir is a nucleotide orally administrated with unknown resistance until two years of treatment. It is recommended for patients with chronic hepatitis B + and e -, it is resistant to Lamivudine. It is a well tolerated drug by decompensated, transplanted cirrhotic. Dose adjustment is required in renal impairment.