ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Fundamento: estudios actuales han demostrado que existe una alta prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y de tabaco en los pacientes quemados. En Cuba las investigaciones publicadas sobre esta temática son escasas. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y variables asociadas al consumo de alcohol y de tabaco en pacientes quemados ingresados en el Hospital Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin. Métodos: se realizó un estudio desde el enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 73 quemados ingresados en el servicio de Caumatología y Cirugía Reconstructiva del hospital Universitario Vladimir Ilich Lenin, entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2019. Se seleccionaron 62 pacientes quemados a través de un muestreo probabilístico. Se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada, la observación y la revisión documental para la evaluación. Se plantearon como variables las sociodemográficas, modo de producción, agente causal, consumo de alcohol y de tabaco; estado de embriaguez al ingresar y trastorno mental durante la hospitalización. Los resultados se procesaron en los paquetes estadísticos EPIDAT 3.1 y MedCalc. Resultados: predominó el sexo masculino, color de piel blanca, nivel de procedencia rural, estado civil soltero, la tenencia de hijos, modo de producción accidental y el agente causal fuego directo. La mayoría presentó abstinencia al alcohol. Las variables sexo, estado civil, convivencia, modo de producción, agente causal y trastorno mental; se asociaron de forma significativa al consumo de alcohol y de tabaco. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de consumo de alcohol y de tabaco, en general, fue relativamente elevada. Se determinó que las variables sexo, estado civil, convivencia, modo de producción, agente causal y trastorno mental se asocian al consumo de alcohol y de tabaco.
ABSTRACT Background: current studies have showed that there is a high prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use in burned patients. In Cuba, published research on this topic is scarce. Objective: to determine the prevalence and associated variables of alcohol and tobacco consumption of burned patients admitted to the Vladimir Ilich Lenin General Teaching Hospital. Methods: a quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. The universe consisted of 73 burned patients admitted to the Burn & Reconstructive Surgery service of the Vladimir Ilich Lenin Teaching Hospital, from January 2018 to December 2019. 62 patients were selected by probabilistic sampling. Semi-structured interviews, observation and documentary review were used for the evaluation. Socio-demographic variables, burning production mode and cause, alcohol and tobacco consumption, state of intoxication on admission and mental disorder during hospitalization were considered as variables. The results were processed with the statistical packages EPIDAT 3.1 and MedCalc. Results: the estimate of the prevalence of alcohol and tobacco use, in general, was relatively high. Male sex, white skin color, rural origin, single marital status with children, accidental burning and the direct fire cause predominated. Most of them had alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Significant associations were obtained between alcohol and tobacco use, in general, with the variables sex, marital status, living with other people, mode of burn production, causal agent and mental disorder. Conclusions: the prevalence rate of alcohol and tobacco use, in general, was relatively high. An association was found between alcohol and tobacco consumption and the variables sex, marital status, living with other people, mode of burn production, causal agent and mental disorder.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases , Sedentary Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Nicotiana , Brazil , Smoking , DietABSTRACT
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders and associated factors in an exclusively rural population. METHODS This is a cross-sectional, population-based study of a rural research consortium, conducted in a medium-sized city in Southern Brazil, with adults living in a rural area, using the AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). The analysis included the prevalence of alcohol-related disorders and associated factors, such as the sociodemographic, family, and health factors; it was carried out by Poisson regression, in a hierarchical analysis model, with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The final sample amounted to 1,519 subjects. The prevalence of alcohol-related disorders (AUDIT ≥ 8) was 8.4% (95%CI 7.0-9.8). Risk factors for alcohol-related disorders were being male (PR = 8.2, 95%CI 4.82-14.16), age group between 18 and 29 years (PR = 3.29, 95%CI 1.80-6.0), and smoking (PR = 1.88, 95%CI 1.03-3.43). The practice of religion (PR = 0.38, 95%CI 0.25-0.58) and education level between nine and 11 years (PR = 0.33, 95%CI 0.16-0.69) were protective factors with statistical significance. Marital status and social status were not associated with the outcome studied. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of alcohol-related disorders in the rural population is high, but, on average, it is lower than that found in urban populations. Risk and protective factors were similar to those found in previous studies. Men, younger persons, and smokers are at higher risk for alcohol-related disorders. On the other hand, practicing a religion and having a higher education level were protective factors.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever a prevalência de transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool e fatores associados em uma população exclusivamente rural. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal de base populacional, integrante de um consórcio de pesquisa rural, realizado em cidade de médio porte do Sul do Brasil, com adultos residentes na zona rural, utilizando o AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test). A análise incluiu a prevalência dos transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool e fatores associados, como sociodemográficos, familiares e de saúde; foi realizada por regressão de Poisson, em modelo hierarquizado de análise, com intervalo de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS A amostra final foi de 1.519 indivíduos. A prevalência de transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool (AUDIT ≥ 8) foi de 8,4% (IC95% 7,0-9,8). Os fatores de risco para transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool foram sexo masculino (RP = 8,26; IC95% 4,82-14,16), faixa etária entre 18 e 29 anos (RP = 3,29; IC95% 1,80-6,0) e tabagismo (RP = 1,88; IC95% 1,03-3,43). Como fatores de proteção com significância estatística encontramos a prática de religião (RP = 0,38; IC95% 0,25-0,58) e escolaridade entre nove e 11 anos de estudo, (RP = 0,33; IC95% 0,16-0,69). Estado civil e classe social não estiveram associados com o desfecho estudado. CONCLUSÕES A prevalência de transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool na população rural é alta, porém, em média, mais baixa do que as encontradas em populações urbanas. Os fatores de risco e proteção foram similares aos encontrados em estudos prévios. Os homens, as pessoas mais jovens e os tabagistas têm maior risco para apresentar transtornos relacionados ao uso de álcool. Por outro lado, praticar uma religião e ter maior escolaridade foram fatores de proteção.