Circular RNA ame_circ_000115 regulates expression of genes in larval gusts of Apis mellifera ligustica stressed by Ascosphaera apis / 生物工程学报

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of non-coding RNAs, which have been confirmed to regulate insect gene expression and immune response through multiple manners such as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Currently, function of circRNA in honey bee immune response remains unclear. In this study, PCR and Sanger sequencing were performed to validate the back splicing (BS) site of ame_circ_000115 (in short ac115). RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression profile of ac115 in larval guts of Apis mellifera ligustica stressed by Ascosphaera apis. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was conducted to verify the binding relationship between ac115 and ame-miR-13b. Interference of ac115 in larval guts was carried out by feeding specific siRNA, followed by determination of the effect of ac115 interference on expression of six genes relevant to host immune response. The results confirmed the existence of BS site within ac115. Compared with the un-inoculated group, the expression of ac115 in 4-day-old larval gut of the A. apis-inoculated group was up-regulated with extreme significance (P < 0.000 1), while that in 5- and 6-day-old larval guts were significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). The brightness of specific band for ac115 in 4-, 5- and 6-day-old larval guts of the siRNA-circ_000115-fed group gradually became weak, whereas that of the siRNA-scrambl-fed group was pretty high without obvious variation. Compared with that of the siRNA-scramble-fed group, the expression of ac115 in 4-day-old larval gut of the siRNA-circ_000115-fed group was significantly down-regulated (P < 0.05), whereas that of the 5- and 6-day-old larval guts were down-regulated with extreme significance (P < 0.001). Ame-miR-13b was truly existed and expressed in A. m. ligustica larval guts, and there was true binding relationship between ac115 and ame-miR-13b. Compared with that of the siRNA-scramble-fed group, the expression of antimicrobial peptide genes hymenoptaecin and abaecin in 6-day-old larval gut of the siRNA-circ_000115-fed group was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05), while that of ecdysone receptor (Ecr) was down-regulated with extreme significance (P < 0.01). These results indicate that ac115 is truly expressed in A. m. ligustica larval guts, BS site truly exists within ac115, and effective interference of ac115 in A. m. ligustica larval guts can be achieved via feeding siRNA. Moreover, ac115 potentially regulates Ecr expression through adsorption of ame-miR-13b and expression of hymenoptaecin and abaecin using a non-ceRNA manner, further participating in host stress-response.

Impact of Bacillus thuringiensis on inhibiting certain Alternaria alternata’s mycotoxins isolated from infected potatoes

Aims@#Potatoes are considered one of the most strategic vegetable crops all over the world. Alternaria alternata has recently contaminated certain potatoes farms in different regions in Egypt. Among thirteen samples from fifteen regions were studied in a precedent study. Our study was aimed to investigate the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. Kurosaki suspension on inhibiting the growth of the three tested isolates of A. alternata and minimizing their mycotoxins production in vitro using three isolates with three levels of highly, moderate and low pathogenicity with unequal amounts of dual mycotoxins production.@*Methodology and results@#Three isolates of A. alternata from three regions, Kom Hamada (KH3), Alamin (Alam1) and Nobaria (NO3), which were determined as a producer of tenuazonic acid (TeA) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) toxins. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) use as commercial fungicide was applied with three suspension concentrations (75, 150 and 300 μg/mL) as inhibitor for the two mycotoxins. Our results illustrated that the three tested isolates recorded high TeA and AME inhibition efficacies by increasing the Bt suspension concentration. The highest inhibitory concentration of Bt was at concentration 75 μg/mL for isolated from Nobaria third region (NO3) and Alam1 it was (99.83 and 99.74%) for mycotoxin (AME) while, TeA mycotoxin had the most inhibition percentage (99.58%) at concentration 150 μg/mL for the isolate (NO3).@*Conclusion, significance and impact of study@#The preliminary results of the study suggest that B. thuringiensis spores’ suspension with different concentrations can be used as anti-mycotoxigenic agents to inhibit the (TeA) and (AME) mycotoxins produced by Alternaria alternata.

Sobrecarga del cuidador de pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal / Caregiver burden in spinal muscular atrophy

INTRODUCCIÓN La sobrecarga del cuidador ha sido ampliamente descrita en gerontología, pocos estudios la abordan en niños con enfermedades neuromusculares. El cuidado de pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal (AME), requiere atención continua de un tercero, pudiendo afectar la salud del cuidador y la calidad de atención y bienestar del paciente. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de sobrecarga de los cuidadores de pacientes AME, identificando factores protectores y de riesgo asociados MÉTODOS Estudio observacional analítico transversal en padres de pacientes con AME, de un hospital privado de Santiago de Chile. Se analizaron datos demográficos clínicos y encuesta Zarit autoreportada por los padres de los pacientes con AME, realizada entre septiembre de 2017 y febrero de 2018. Se usó estadística descriptiva y regresión logística uni y multivariada para identificar factores asociados a sobrecarga RESULTADOS De los 50 padres encuestados, 14 (28%) eran de pacientes non-sitters, con sobrecarga intensa, mediana de puntaje 59 (37-76), 29 (58%) de pacientes sitters sobrecarga ligera, mediana 48 (32-79) y 7(14%) de pacientes walkers, ausencia de sobrecarga mediana 38 (23-54). Se identificaron como factores protectores de sobrecarga los años de enfermedad OR 0,9 (0,8-0,95) P=0,037 y la mayor edad de los pacientes OR 0,9(08,0,98) p=0,018. Factores de riesgo el uso de silla de ruedas OR 7,2(1,2-4,3) p=0,029 y la vía de alimentación artificial OR 9,2(1-78,8) p=0,040 CONCLUSIÓN Los padres de pacientes con AME tienen un significativo nivel de sobrecarga y existen factores que la aumentan y disminuyen. El equipo multidisciplinario debe integrar la medición periódica del nivel de sobrecarga, para intervenir oportunamente y procurar el cuidado integral de la familia.

Caregiver burden has been widely described in gerontology, few studies address it in children with neuromuscular diseases. The care of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) requires permanent care from a third person, which may affect the caregiver health, quality of care and well-being of the patient. The aim of the study was to determine the burden of SMA patient's caregivers, identifying associated protective and risk factors METHODS Descriptive cross-sectional analytical study in SMA patient's parents, from a private hospital in Santiago de Chile., demographic Clinical and self-reported Zarit survey data, parents self reported, conducted between September 2017 and February 2018, were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and uni and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with overloading RESULTS Parents of non-sitter patients showed a median of 59 (37-76), corresponding to intense burden and those of sitters, a light burden, with a median score of 48 (32-79) Walkers patient's parents, presented a median score of 38 (23-54) that corresponds to an absence of burden. The years of illness and the higher age of the patients were identified as protective factors of overload. As risk factors of burden, the use of a wheelchair and artificial airway. Of the 50 parents surveyed, 14 (28%) were non-sitter patients, with intense overload, median 59(37-76), 29(58%) sitters patients, light overload, median 48 (32-79) and 7(14%) walker patients, absence of overload, median 38 (23-54). Protective factors of overload were years of disease OR 0,9(0,8-0,95) p=0.037 and the patients major age OR 0.9(0.8-0.98) p=0.018. Risk factors were the use of wheelchair OR 7,2(1,2-4,3) p=0.029 and artificial feeding support OR 9,2(1-78.8) p=0.040 CONCLUSION SMA patient's parents have a significant level of overload and there are factors that increase and decrease it. The multidisciplinary team must integrate the periodic measurement of the burden level, to make on time interventions and to ensure the integral care in the family.

Vicissitudes da observação e dos sonhos na prática clínica / Las vicisitudes de la observación y de los sueños en la práctica analítica / Vicissitudes of the observation and of dreams in analytical practice / Les vicissitudes de l'observation et des rêves dans la pratique analytyque

Neste artigo, pretendo compartilhar a aventura clínica com Aviva e as memórias afetivas evocadas. É uma situação complexa. Leva-se tempo para observar os movimentos internos de um paciente - uma relação tão delicada! A experiência de observar um bebê e a repercussão na vida pessoal e profissional da analista são explicitadas, o que auxilia na compreensão da realidade psíquica de Aviva. Foi a partir do telefonema na madrugada, ao compartilhar sua ida à maternidade, que sonhos e recordações são lembrados. Reflexões são elaboradas sobre a situação integradora apresentada por uma tribo na África como um forte fator para facilitar o desabrochar da mente. Trata da observação de uma tribo tão primitiva com requintes de um ateliê de joias preciosas.

In this article I intend to share my clinical journey with Aviva and the emotional memories it evoked. It is a complex situation. It takes time to observe the internal movements of a patient, such a delicate relationship! The experience of observing a baby and the repercussions in the private and professional life of the analyst is described in order to help understanding Aviva's psychic reality. It was an early-morning call to share her going to the maternity that evoked dreams and memories. Reflections are elaborated about an integrated situation by a tribe in Africa as a strong element to facilitate the awakening of the mind. The observation of such a primitive tribe with the luxury and refinement of an atelier of precious jewels!

En el presente artículo, pretendo compartir la aventura clínica realizada con Aviva y las memorias afectivas que han sido evocadas. Se trata de una compleja situación que lleva tiempo para observar los movimientos internos de un paciente, o sea, ¡una relación sumamente delicada! La experiencia de observar a un bebé y la repercusión en la vida personal y profesional de la analista es puesta de manifiesto, lo que ayuda a comprender la realidad psíquica de Aviva. Se ha dado a partir de una llamada telefónica en una madrugada, al compartir el traslado a la maternidad, y se han hecho presentes los sueños y recuerdos. Se elaboran reflexiones al respecto de la situación integradora presentada por una tribu en África como un fuerte factor para facilitar la apertura de la mente. Se trata de la observación de una tribu tan primitiva con rasgos de un atelier de joyas preciosas.

Dans cet article, mon intention est de partager l'aventure clinique avec Aviva et les mémoires affectives évoquées. La situation est complexe; il faut du temps pour observer les mouvements internes d'un patient - une relation tellement délicate! L'expérience d'observer un bébé et sa répercussion sur la vie personnelle et professionnelle de l'analyste est explicitée dans le but d'aider à comprendre la réalité psychique d'Aviva. C'est à partir de l'appel téléphonique à l'aube, et en partageant son allée à la maternité, que des rêves et des souvenirs sont rappelés. Des réflexions sont élaborées sur la situation d'intégration présentée par une tribu en Afrique avec un facteur facilitateur important pour le réveil de l'esprit. L'observation d'une tribu si primitive exige les raffinements d'un atelier d'artisan joaillier.

Study of genetic detection of KRAS, FCGR, CYP3A5 and CYP1A1 in predicting clinical outcomes of chemotherapy/target therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the predictive and prognostic value of genetic detection of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(KRAS),Fc gamma receptors (FCGR),cytochrome P450 3A5 (CYP3A5) and CYP1A1 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) receiving C225 combined with CapeOx chemotherapy.Methods Twelve KRAS wild-type (WT) mCRC patients were selected receiving C225 (cetuximab) combined with CapeOx (capecitabine/oxaliplatin) chemotherapy.KRAS,FCGR,CYP3A5,CYP1 A1 gene mutation were detected before treatment.The expressions of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) were detected in colorectal cancer tissues and the corresponding adjacent tissues expression with immunohistochemical staining (SP method).The relationship between FCGR,CYP3A5,CYP1A1 mutation,and PTEN expression and survival time were analyzed.Results The mutation rates of FCGR,CYP3A5,and CYP1 A1 were 16.7％ (2/12),25％ (3/12) and 16.7％ (2/12) in 12 patients with KRAS WT,respectively.PTEN was expressed mainly in the nucleus in yellowish brown.The rates of expression in the tissue adjacent to the cancer and in the tumor tissue were 100％ (12/12) and 41.7％ (5/12),respectively.PTEN expression in tumor tissue was reduced or absent.The study indicated that the objective response rate [complete response + partial response (CR + PR)] was 80％ in patients whose KRAS,FCGR,CYP3A5,and CYP1A1 were all in wild type,the CR + PR rates in FCGR,CYP3A5,and CYP1A1 gene mutation group were 0,33.6％ and 50％.The objective response rates of patients with PTEN expression or null were 50％ and 37.5％,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The progression free survival (PFS) with KRAS/FCGR/CYP3A5/CYP1A1 wild type or mutation were 15.56 or 8.12 months (P ＜ 0.05).The overall survival (OS) with wild type or mutation of KRAS/FCGR/CYP3A5/ CYP1A1 were 25.03 or 19.21 months(P ＜0.05).The PFSs of positive or negative expression of PTEN in patients were 9.13 or 7.87 months (P ＜0.05),and the OSs of positive or negative expression of PTEN in patients were 24.25 or 18.74 months (P ＜0.05).Conclusions FCGR,CYP3A5 and CYP1A1 mutations and PTEN expression null both have been associated with resistance to cetuximab in mCRC patients.FCGR,CYP3A5,CYP1A1 and PTEN can be served as the predictive biomarkers for the response to cetuximab.

Transversalidades entre psicologia e disciplina em vigiar e punir de Michel Foucault / Crosscutting between psychology and discipline in discipline and punish by Michel Foucault / Transversalidades entre psicologia y disciplina em vigilar y punir de Michel Foucault / Transversalités entre psychologie et discipline dans surveiller et punir de Michel Foucalt

A disciplina, na arqueogenealogia de Foucault, desvelou mecanismos de produção, manipulação e articulação de poderes corpóreos. A produção do sujeito disciplinar foi elemento funcional na produção de uma racionalidade sobre corpos e almas psicologizáveis. Assim, disciplina é a técnica de constituição de corpos úteis, dóceis e submissos, saber-referência para o diagnóstico de indivíduos normais ou desviantes. Este artigo estuda a transversalidade entre psicologia e disciplina, analisando os efeitos disciplinares na reinvenção de corpos e almas e na produção do próprio sujeito psicológico, principalmente na constituição dos exames e laudos periciais. Partimos da hipótese que as técnicas disciplinares oferecem elementos de constituição do sujeito psicológico, e a constituição do sujeito disciplinar e psicológico se inter-relacionam em um processo de pressuposição recíproca.

The discipline in Foucault's archeo-genealogy unveiled mechanisms of production, handling and coordination of corporeal powers. The production of the disciplinary subject was a functional element in the production of rationality over psychologized bodies and souls. Thus, the discipline is the technique of formation of useful, docile and submissive bodies, know-reference for the diagnosis of normal or deviant individuals. This article examines the crosscutting between psychology and discipline, analyzing the disciplinary effect on the reinvention of bodies and souls and in the production of own psychological subject, especially in the constitution of tests and expert reports. Our hypothesis that disciplinary techniques offer the psychological subject constitution elements and the constitution of the disciplinary and psychological subject interrelate in a reciprocal presupposition process.

La disciplina, en la arqueo genealogía de Foucault, descubrió mecanismos de producción, manipulación y articulación de poderes corpóreos. La producción del sujeto fue elemento funcional en la producción de una racionalidad acerca de cuerpos y almas psicologizables. Así, disciplina es la técnica de constitución de cuerpos útiles, dóciles y sumisos, saberreferencia para el diagnóstico de individuos normales o con desvío. Este artículo estudia la transversalidad entre psicología y disciplina, evaluando los efectos disciplinares en la reinvención de cuerpos y almas y en la producción del propio sujeto psicológico, principalmente en la constitución de las pruebas e informes periciales. Partimos de la hipótesis de que las técnicas disciplinares ofrecen elementos de constitución del sujeto psicológico, y la constitución del sujeto disciplinar y psicológico se interrelacionan en un proceso de presuposición recíproco.

La discipline, dans l'achéogénéalogie de Foucault, a dévoilé des mécanismes de production, manipulation et articulation des pouvoirs corporels. La production du sujet de discipline a été l'élément fonctionnel dans la production d'une rationalité sur des corps et des âmes qui peuvent être psychologisés. Ainsi, la discipline est la technique de constitution des corps utiles, dociles et soumis, savoir-référence pour le diagnostique des individus normaux et déviants. Cet article étudie la transversalité entre psychologie et discipline, en analysant les effets disciplinaires dans la réinvention des corps et âmes et dans la production du sujet psychologique, pincepalement dans la constitution des analyses et rappots des experts. On part de l'hypothèse que les techniques disciplinaires offrent des éléments de constitution du sujet psychonogique et la constitution du sujet disciplinaire et psychologique ont une inter-relation dans un processus de présupposition mutuelle.

Level of apolipoprotein and other related indicators in adults in Hunan province / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the levels and the abnormal incidences of apolipoprotein and other related indicators in health people in Hunan province,and to provide data for establishment of reference intervals in Hunan province.Methods The people with physical examination (n =341) were chosen from the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University during August 2014 ～ October 2014 (male,n =239;female,n =102) with age from 22 to 77 years old.All people were divided into 4 groups according to their age:group A aged from 22 to 42 (35.56 ± 5.39),group B aged from 43 to 48 (45.59 ± 1.59),group C aged from 49 to 55 (51.19 ± 1.81),and group D aged from 56 to 77 (63.08 ±5.84).The levels of apoAI,apoB,Lp (a),hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP),and homocysteine (HCY) were detected with automatic biochemical analyzer,and were compared among different age groups and between male and female in each age group.Results Compared to male,the average levels of apoAI,and Lp (a) were significantly increased (P ＜0.05),and apoB,hs-CRP,and Hcy were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.05) in the female.The levels of apoB,and hs-CRP were significantly different among 4 age groups (P ＜ 0.05).The abnormal rate in each index among 4 age groups was not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05).For groups A,B and D,the abnormal rate of Hcy was significant higher in male relative to female (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions All the indices have significant difference between male and female (P ＜0.05).The levels of apoAI,Lp (a),hs-CRP,and Hcy do not change with the changed age.However,apoB has a certain relationship with age.The level and abnormal rate of Hcy are significantly higher in male relative to female.

A fantasia não dorme: linguagem da noite e males da ilusão / Fantasy never sleeps: language of the night and the ailments of illusion / La fantaisie ne dort pas: le langage de la nuit et les maux de l'illusion / La fantasía nunca duerme: lenguage de la noche y los males de la ilusión

Na continuidade dos estudos sobre os males da alma segundo a cultura luso-brasileira e europeia dos séculos XVI ao XVIII, este artigo investiga diferentes interpretações e usos das narrativas oníricas. Em especial, trata de desordens causadas pelos excessos do gozo entendidos como engodos do mundo.

Continuing the sequence of studies on ailments of the soul according to Luso-Brazilian and European culture from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries, this article investigates different interpretations and uses of dream narratives. In particular, it deals with disorders caused by excess of jouissance, understood as lures from the world.

Dans le prolongement des études sur le maux de l'âme selon la culture luso-brésilienne et européenne du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle, cet article examine de différentes interprétations et utilisations des récits de songes. En particulier, il traite des troubles causés par les excès de la jouissance compris comme leurres du monde.

Continuando los estudios sobre los males del alma conforme la cultura luso-brasileña y europea de los siglos XVI al XVIII, este artículo investiga las diferentes interpretaciones y usos de las narrativas oníricas. En especial, trata de los desórdenes causados por los excesos del gozo comprendidos como engaños del mundo.

Embriaguez e males da alma: entre a mania e a melancolia / Drunkenness and evils of the soul: between mania and melancholia / Embriaguez y los males del alma: entre la mania y la melancolia / L’ivresse et les maux de l’âme: entre la manie et la mélancolie

Este artigo examina as relações estabelecidas no campo da medicina da alma entre a embriaguez e os males da alma. Parte da atitude ambivalente em relação ao vinho sustentada desde a Antiguidade para mostrar como no século XVIII explicações baseadas nas dinâmicas psicofisiológicas e tratamentos que faziam apelo à ordenação da razão com a vontade para o domínio dos apetites são substituídos por uma concepção propriamente patologizante do abuso da bebida.

This article examines the relationships established in the field of medicine of the soul between drunkenness and mental illness. The article shows how the ambivalent attitude toward wine, evident since antiquity and based on psychophysiological dynamics and treatments that appeal to the power of reason and will over the appetites, was replaced during the eighteenth century by the pathologic notion of alcohol abuse.

Cet article examine les rapports établis entre l'ivresse et les maux de l'âme dans le domaine de la médecine de l'âme. Il part de l'attitude ambivalente à l'égard du vin, existante dès l'antiquité, pour montrer de quelle façon, au XVIIIe siècle, les explications basées sur la dynamique psycho-physiologique et les traitements qui faisaient appel au règlement de la raison par la volonté pour maîtriser les appétits sont remplacés par une conception qui considère l'abus de l'alcool comme pathologique.

Este artículo examina las relaciones que se establecieron en el campo de la medicina del alma entre la embriaguez y los males del alma. A partir de la actitud ambivalente en relación al vino sostenida desde la antiguedad muestra como en el siglo XVIII las explicaciones basadas en la dinámicas psicofisiológicas y en los tratamientos que apelaban para el dominio de los apetitos por la ordenación de la razón por medio de la voluntad son substituídos, de hecho, por una concepción patologizante del abuso de la bebida.

Transitoriedade ou o desterro da certeza / Transitoriness or exile from certainty / La fugacité ou l'exil de la certitude / La transitoriedad o el destierro de la certeza

O tema da transitoriedade era lugar-comum da medicina da alma da primeira modernidade. Este artigo analisa algumas dessas fontes para mostrar como a dor do tempo e os males da alma atinentes eram relacionados a um modo de encarar a fugacidade do tempo e a fragilidade da vida. Dá-se destaque, sobretudo, às construções em torno da condição humana enquanto desterro da certeza.

The theme of transitoriness was commonplace in medicine of the soul of early modernity. This article examines some of these sources to show how the pain of time and similar ailments of the soul were related to a way of dealing with the fleetingness of time and the fragility of life. The author underlines constructions of the human condition as exile from certainty.

Le thème de la fugacité était un lieu commun de la médecine de l'âme de la première modernité. Cet article examine quelques-unes de ces sources pour montrer comment la douleur du temps et le maux de l'âme étaient liés à une façon d'envisager la nature éphémère du temps et la fragilité de la vie. Cet article met en relief les constructions liées à la condition humaine comprise comme exil de la certitude.

El tema de la transitoriedad era un lugar común en la medicina del alma durante la primera modernidad. Este artículo analiza algunas de esas fuentes para mostrar como el dolor del tiempo y los males del alma estaban relacionados a un modo de encarar la fugacidad del tiempo y la fragilidad de la vida. Se destaca sobretodo las construcciones en torno de la condición humana como destierro de la certeza.

Sob a sombra do patológico: sujeito e verdade no adoecer / Beneath the shadow of the pathological: subject and truth in getting sick / Sous l'ombre du pathologique: sujet et vérité dans le devenir malade / Bajo la sombra de lo patológico: sujeto y verdad en el adolecer

Este artigo analisa fontes da tradição da medicina da alma que tratam do adoecer. Inspirado em Georges Canguilhem, examina-se a noção de saúde e doença anterior às especializações modernas de modo a ressaltar que o adoecimento e as paixões que o acompanham são consequências da condição de vivente. Conclui-se que a antiga definição do humano como sujeito ao padecimento guarda semelhanças com o sujeito patológico concebido pela atual Psicopatologia Fundamental.

This article analyzes primary sources from the tradition of "medicine of the soul," which deals with the experience of getting sick. Inspired by Georges Canguilhem, the notions of health and disease that were available before the development of modern specializations are examined in order to show that falling ill and the emotions related to this process are actually consequences of being alive. The author concludes that the ancient definition of human as vulnerable to suffering has close similarities with the pathological subject, which is conceived in today's field of fundamental psychopathology.

Cet article analyse des sources de la médecine de l'âme qui traitent de l'expérience de la maladie. Inspiré par Georges Canguilhem, on examine les notions de santé et de maladie antérieures aux spécialisations modernes d'une façon a montrer qu'être malade et les passions de l'âme qui s'en suivent ne sont que des conséquences d'être vivant. On conclue que l'ancienne définition de l'homme comme sujet aux souffrances garde des similarités importantes avec le sujet pathologique de la Psychopathologie fondamentale.

Este artículo analiza las fuentes de la tradición de la medicina del alma que tratan del adolecer. Inspirado en Georges Canguilhem, se examina la noción de salud y de enfermedad anterior a las especialidades modernas de manera a resaltar que el adolecer y las pasiones que lo acompañan son consecuencias de la condición de estar vivo. Se concluye que la definición antigua de lo humano como sujeto del padecimiento guarda semejanzas con el sujeto patológico concebido por la actual Sicopatología Fundamental.

Lembrar para esquecer: a memória da dor no luto e na consolação / Recordar para olvidar: la memória en el dolor del duelo y en la consolación / Remembering to forget: the memory of pain in mourning and consoling / Se rappeler pour oublier: la mémoire de la douleur dans le deuil et dans la consolation

Este artigo retoma discursos da antiga tradição da consolação e outras variantes da medicina da alma para examinar a dimensão da memória especificamente no trabalho do luto. Em particular, analisa como a memória era definida, principalmente qual era a sua relação com a origem e a permanência das dores da alma e, por conseguinte, qual era a sua função nas práticas terapêuticas da primeira modernidade.

This article discusses sources for the ancient tradition of consoling and other variations of the medicine of the soul, in order to examine the specific dimension of memory during mourning. In particular, the author analyses how memory was defined and, especially, its relationships to the origin and permanence of the pain of the soul. Finally, therefore, the functions of memory in early modern therapeutic practices are discussed.

Cet article reprend des discours de l'ancienne tradition de la consolation ainsi que d'autres variations de la médecine de l'âme pour examiner la dimension de la mémoire dans le travail du deuil. Plus précisément, on analyse comment la mémoire était conçue et, surtout, son rapport avec l'origine et la permanence des douleurs de l'âme et, par conséquence, sa fonction dans les pratiques thérapeutiques de la première modernité.

Este artículo retoma los discursos de la antigua tradición de la consolación y de otras variantes de la medicina del alma para examinar la dimensión de la memoria, especificamente durante el trabajo de duelo. De manera particular se analisa cómo la memoria era definida, principalmente, cuál era su relación con el origen y permanencia de los dolores del alma y consequentemente, cuál era su función en las prácticas terapéuticas en la primera modernidad.

A psicopatologia como uma experiência da alma / Psychopathology as experience of the soul / La Psychopathologie comme une expérience de l'âme / La psicopatología como experiencia del alma

Este trabalho teórico apresenta a visão do psicólogo arquetípico James Hillman sobre a psicopatologia. Ele defende que "patologizar" é um movimento da psique válido, necessário e autêntico, que permite um encontro com a alma e com os sentidos e que deve ser compreendido metaforicamente. Sua visão se contrapõe ao modelo médico e nominalista dominante, que tem uma visão literal da psicopatologia e que acaba por afastá-la dos sentidos, da alma e do próprio sujeito. A crítica maior de Hillman é sobre a relação literal da psicologia com as palavras e termos psicopatológicos.

This theoretical discussion presents the views of the archetypical psychologist James Hillman on psychopathology. He says that "becoming pathological" is a correct, necessary and authentic movement of the psyche that provides an encounter with the soul and with meanings, and that must be understood metaphorically. His view is in disaccord with the medical and nominal model, which has a literal view of psychopathology and sets aside meanings, the soul and even the person. Hillman´s strongest criticism is toward the literal relationship of psychology with terms and concepts used in psychopathology.

Ce document présente la vision du psychologue archétypique James Hillman sur la psychopathologie. Il défend que "pathologiser" est un mouvement valide, approprié et authentique de la psyché qui permet une rencontre avec l'âme et les sens et qui doit être compris métaphoriquement. Son point de vue est opposé au modèle médical et nominaliste dominant qui présente à son tour une vision littérale de la psychopathologie et qui l'éloigne des sens, de l'âme et du sujet lui-même. La plus importante critique de Hillman concerne le rapport littéral de la psychologie avec les mots et les termes psychopathologiques.

Este artículo presenta la visión teórica de la psicopatología del psicólogo arquetípico James Hillman. El defiende que "patologizar" es un movimiento válido de la psiquis, necesario y auténtico, que permite un encuentro con el alma y con los sentidos, y que debe ser entendido metafóricamente. Su visión se contrapone al modelo médico y nominalista dominante, que tiene una visión literal de la psicopatología y que termina apartándola de los sentidos, del alma y de mismo sujeto. La mayor crítica que hace Hillman se refiere a la relación literal de la psicología con las palabras y los términos psicopatológicos.

Anatomia da alma entre verdade e conhecimento / Anatomy of the soul between truth and knowledge / L'anatomie de l'âme entre science et vérité / Anatomía del alma entre verdad y conocimiento

O homem moderno considerava-se perdido num mundo de ilusão ena multiplicidade de objetos, à procura de uma nova orientação. Este artigo objetiva analisar propostas de conhecimento sobre a alma e as escolhas metodológicas da primeira modernidade. Foca-se a analogia da anatomia da alma enquanto método de busca do conhecimento daquilo que o Eu ignora, mas que o causa a despeito de si mesmo.

Modern man considered himself lost in a world of illusion and in a multiplicity of objects, in search of a new guide. This article analyzes proposals for knowledge aboutthe soul and the choice of methodology in the first modernity. The focus is on an analogy of the anatomy of the soul as a method for searching for knowledge about whatthe ego does not know, but which causes it, despite itself.

El hombre moderno se consideraba perdido en un mundo de ilusión y en la multiplicidad de objetos, en búsqueda de una nueva dirección. Este artículo tiene como objetivo discutir propuestas para el conocimiento acerca del alma y las opcionesmetodológicas de la primera modernidad. Se centra en la analogía de la anatomía delalma como un método de buscar el conocimiento de lo que yo no lo sé, pero que la causa a pesar de sí mismo.

L’homme moderne se supposait perdu dans un monde d’illusion et dans lamultiplicité d’objets, à la recherche d’une nouvelle orientation. Cet article a pour butd’analyser des propositions de connaissance de l’âme et les choix méthodologiques dela première modernité. L’accent est mis sur l’analogie de l’anatomie de l’âme en tant que méthode de recherche sur ce que le Moi ignore et pourtant le cause malgré lui.

Effect of perindopril on the expression of scavenger receptor A gene in diabetic nephropathy / 中国医师杂志

Objective To explore the effect of ACE-inhibitor perindopril on the expression of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) gene in the kidney of diabetic rats.Methods Diabetes were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by peritoneal injection with streptozotocin (60mg/kg).The rats were then random di vided into normal control group, diabetes group and ACEI treatment group [4mg/(kg·d) for 24 weeks].Blood glucose concentration and 24h urinary albumin excretion were determined.The renal morphological change was observed.Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze CD68 positive macrophages,and the Mrna of SR-A in renal tissue was detected by quantitative real-time PCR.Results Compared with normal control group,blood glucose concentration,24h urinary albumin excretion and the number of CD68 positive macrophages were significantly increased [(5.3 ± 0.6) mmol/L vs (26.7 ± 3.3) mmol/L;(2.7 ± 1.3) mg/24h vs (26.7 ± 1.8)mg/24h;(0.77 ±0.24)/gcs vs (2.55 ±0.46)/gcs;(6.13 ±0.50)/HPF vs (11.9 ±2.12)/HPF;P ＜0.05],and the expression of SR-A Mrna were significantly up-regulated in diabetes group [ (5.6 ± 1.2 vs 1.5 ±0.2),P ＜0.05].After intervention with ACE-inhibitor,the up-regulations of the above mentioned parameters,except blood glucose concentration,were all significantly inhibited [ (3.6 ±1.4)mg/24h;(1.03±0.37)/gcs;(8.28±1.19)/HPF;3.4±0.7;P ＜0.05].Conclusion ACE-inhibitor might have renoprotective effects of diabetic nephropathy,it probably was associated with inhibiting the expression of SR-A gene.

Das lágrimas às palavras: manifestações do pathos segundo a medicina da alma moderna / From tears to words: manifestations of pathos according to modern medicine of the soul / De las lágrimas a las palabras: manifestaciones del pathos segun la medicina del alma moderna / Des larmes aux mots: manifestations du pathos selon la médecine de l'âme moderne

Este artigo propõe analisar discursos da primeira modernidade sobre a fonte, natureza e finalidade das lágrimas. Em primeiro lugar, examina-se a noção de olhar para chegar à origem das paixões. Então, aborda-se as relações entre o chorar e a afetividade para, finalmente, discutir a relação das lágrimas e as palavras.

This article analyses early modern texts on the sources, nature and reason for tears. The notion of the gaze is first discussed in order to investigate the origin of the passions. Next, the relationships between weeping and affectivity is taken up, and then the relationships between tears and words.

Cet article analyse une sélection de discours de la première modernité sur les larmes, leurs origines, leur nature et leur finalité. Nous analysons d'abord la notion du regard pour aboutir à l'origine des passions de l'âme et examinons ensuite les rapports entre l'acte de pleurer et l'affectivité, pour finalement discuter les rapports entre les larmes et les paroles.

Este artículo se propone analizar discursos de la primera modernidad sobre la fuente, naturaleza y finalidad de las lágrimas. En primer lugar, examina la noción de mirar para llegar al origen de las pasiones. Después, se abordan las relaciones entre llorar y la afectividad, para, finalmente, discutir la relación de las lágrimas y las palabras.

The immunohistochemical analysis of AGEs, SP-A in the lung of diabetic rats / 中国医师杂志

Objective To approach the changes of advanced glycosylated end products (AGEs),surfactant proteins A (SP-A) in the lung of experimental diabetic rats and their relationship. Methods 48 male SD rats were divided into diabetes mellitus (DM) group and control group, each group with 24 rats.The DM rat model was made by injecting streptozocin (60mg/kg) into caudal vein. The rats were killed and the lung was individually taken out at the end of 4, 12 and 20 weeks after the models were established. The changes of AGEs, SP-A in rats lung were observed with immunohistochemical assay and the images were analyzed( black is minimum of gray, white is maximum of gray ). Results We observed a great quantity of AGEs positive cells in the alveolar epithelial cells, bronchial mucosal epithelium, angio-endothelial cell and smooth muscle cells of the DM rats. The average gray (AG) was inferior to that of the controls(4weeks 93.92 ± 7.92 vs 104. 75 ± 8. 20; 12 weeks 76. 25 ± 6. 76 vs 93.50 ± 7.56; 20 weeks 47.63 ± 7.96 vs 142. 38 ± 19. 76; P ＜0. 05) and decreased with the DM course. In the 4 weeks DM rats, there were a few SP-A positive cells in the type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells, Clara cells and alveolar macrophage cells. In the 12 and 20 weeks DM rats, there were a great many CTGF and TGF-β1 positive cells. The AG was inferior to that of the controls( 12 weeks 75.63 ± 6. 70 vs 110. 50 ± 13.20;20 weeks 47.38 ± 4. 84 vs 97. 25 ± 9. 87; P ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion With the progress of diabetes, DM rats' pulmonary alveolar type Ⅱ cells injury appeared, that might be related with the deposition of AGEs.

A dor de amor na medicina da alma da primeira modernidade / El dolor de amor en la medicina del alma de la primera modernidad / La douleur d'amour dans la médecine de l'âme de la première modernité / The pain of love in the medicine of the soul of the first modenity

Este artigo discute o problema da dor de amor nos diferentes campos do saber que compunham a medicina da alma da primeira modernidade. Deu-se especial destaque às reflexões do médico francês Jacques Ferrand (1575-1623) sobre o caráter instável, ilusório e faltoso do amor. Conclui-se que a dor de amor exige pensar as relações entre os afetos e o corpo, além de desafiar as próprias categorias diagnósticas e os tratamentos tradicionais.

Este artículo discute el problema del dolor de amor en los diferentes campos del saber que formaran parte de la medicina del alma de la primera modernidad. Se dio especial destaque a las reflexiones del médico francés Jacques Ferrand (1575-1623) sobre el carácter inestable, ilusorio y en falta del amor. Se concluye que el dolor de amor exige pensar las relaciones entre afectos y el cuerpo, así como desafiar las propias categorías diagnósticas y los tratamientos tradicionales.

Cet article analyse le problème de la douleur d'amour dans les divers champs du savoir qui constituèrent la médecine de l'âme de la première modernité. En particulier, on analyse les considérations du médecin français Jacques Ferrand (1575-1623) à propos de la nature instable, illusoire et imparfaite de l'amour. On conclu que la douleur d'amour exige penser les rapports entre le corps et les affects, d'autant plus qu'elle représente un défi pour les catégories diagnostiques et cures traditionnelles.

This article discusses the topic of the pain of love in different fields of knowledge that were part of the medicine of the soul during the first modernity. In particular, the author analyzes the considerations of the French physician Jacques Ferrand's (1575-1623) regarding the unstable, delusional and imperfect nature of love. The conclusion is that the pain of love calls for reflections on the relationship between affects and the body, and challenges traditional categories of diagnosis and treatment.

O impossível regime das paixões da alma / El imposible régimen de la pasiones del alma / L'impossible régime des passions de l'âme / The impossible regime of the passions of the soul

Este artigo pretende analisar o lugar das paixões da alma no ideal de saúde conforme a obra Âncora medicinal para conservar a vida em saúde (1721) do português Francisco da Fonseca Henriques, médico do rei D. João V. As paixões da alma eram consideradas um dos aspectos determinantes do regime de saúde. Elas eram relacionadas ao excesso, aos limites extremos do corpo e à morte.

Este artículo se propone analizar el lugar de las pasiones del alma en el ideal de salud en conformidad con la obra "Âncora medicinal para conservar a vida em saúde" (1721) del portugués Francisco da Fonseca Henriques, médico del rei D. João V. Las pasiones del alma eran consideradas uno de los aspectos determinantes del régimen de salud. Eran relacionadas al exceso, a los límites extremos del cuerpo y a la muerte.

Le but de ce travail est d'analyser le rôle des passions de l'âme dans l'idéal de la santé d'après Âncora medicinal para conservar a vida em saúde (1721) du portugais Francisco da Fonseca Henriques, médecin du roi D. João V. Les passions de l'âme étaient considérées l'un des déterminants du régime de la santé. Elles étaient d'ailleurs liées aux excès, aux limites extrêmes du corps et à la mort.

This article analyses the importance of the passions of the soul for the ideal of health, held by the Portuguese physician (Dr. Francisco da Fonseca Henriques) who was called in to treat King John V of Portugal. In his text entitled "Medicinal anchor to maintain life with health" (1721) he holds that passions are among the principal determinants for maintaining health. He also describes the passions as related to excess, to the absolute limits of the body, and to death.

Cultural Difference in Applicants for FAA Physical Performed in Korea 1997~2008 / 항공우주의학회지

BACKGROUND: There have been some reports that under-reporting of pilots concerning their medical history and current use of medications resulted in fatal accidents. From the AME (Aviation Medical Examiner)'s perspective, accurate documentation of the application forms with careful examination of the applicant is necessary to avoid errors and any mishaps that may be contributed by falsification by the pilot. This article examines FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) physicals performed in Korea from 1997 to 2008 to show how Korean and foreign applicants differ in terms of making statements concerning their medical history and current use of medications and to see what can be done to overcome such differences. METHODS: From 1997 to 2008, all FAA physicals performed in one medical institution, was examined. Using the SPSS, the data was analyzed to compare the two groups, the Korean and the expatriate pilots. RESULTS: The total number of applicants was 811 with 785 (96.7%) males and 26 (3.2%) females. Some of the astounding results found among the group of applicants with different citizenship, basically between the Korean applicants and those out of the country including the U.S. and other nations, was that the reporting of any current use of medication (prescription or nonprescription) and of the medical history was vastly different. In reporting the current use of any medication, 13 among 429 (3.0%) Koreans reported yes, whereas for expatriates 82 among 382 (21.5%) reported the current use of medicine. In describing the medical history of the past and present, only 86 (20.0%) Koreans described yes, whereas 217 (56.8%) expatriates did so (Fig. 3). In any visits to a health professional within the last 3 years, only 48 (11.2%) Koreans described yes, whereas there were 188 (49.2%) expatriates. CONCLUSION: In this study, the difference between Korean pilots and the expatriates concerning the disclosure of applicants' medical history, the current use of medication(s), and recent visit to a health professional is obvious. Issues of debate may be that Korean applicants comprise of young age pilots as opposed to relatively older group of expatriates, and so age-related factor cannot be disregarded. In conclusion, proper documentation and examination of pilots may prevent many mishaps related to medical conditions and the use of medication(s) that were not initially recognized and the failure to do will result in fatal accidents.