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ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Xueniao capsule in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis （APN） by network pharmacology and experimental verification. MethodThe effect of Xueniao capsule on APN was investigated based on the APN model in rats. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， Chemistryl Database， and SymMap were searched for the chemical components of Smilacis Chinae Rhizoma，Coicis Semen， and Trachycarpi Petiolus. The target information of the components was collected from PharmMapper and SwissTargetPrediction， and disease target information from Therapeutic Target Database （TTD）， DrugBank， DisGeNET， GeneCards， and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM）. The key genes of Xueniao capsule for APN underwent Gene Ontology（GO） and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analyses by Metascap. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and Western blot were employed to verify the prediction results. ResultCompared with the blank group and the sham operation group， the model group showed an increased ratio of the left kidney to the right kidney and organ index（P<0.05， P<0.01），up-regulated white blood cells （WBC），neutrophils （NEUT），monocytes （MONO）， and lymphocytes （LY）（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and elevated levels of nuclear factor-κB（NF-κB）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the norfloxacin group， the low- and high-dose Xueniao capsule groups showed a decreased ratio of the left kidney to the right kidney and organ index（P<0.05， P<0.01）， dwindled levels of WBC， NEUT， MONO， and LY（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduced levels of NF-κB， IL-6， and TNF-α（P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium-dose Xueniao capsule group showed a decreased ratio of the left kidney to the right kidney and organ index（P<0.05， P<0.01）， reduced levels of WBC， NEUT， MONO， and LY（P<0.05， P<0.01）， and dwindled levels of IL-6 and TNF-α（P<0.05， P<0.01）. Network pharmacological analysis revealed 17 active compounds from Smilacis Chinae Rhizoma， 18 active compounds from Coicis Semen， six active compounds from Trachycarpi Petiolus， and 39 key genes for the treatment of APN in Xueniao capsule. GO enrichment analysis demonstrated 704 biological processes， 22 cellular components， and 59 molecular functions. Sixty-two pathways were enriched in KEGG enrichment analysis. The experimental verification results showed that compared with the blank group， the model group showed increased mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 （PTGS2）， mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 （MAPK1）/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 （ERK2），phosphoinositide 3 kinase （PI3K），protein kinase B2（Akt2），Janus kinase 2 （JAK2），and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）and protein expression of PI3K， Akt2， JAK2， and STAT3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the low-dose Xueniao capsule group showed decreased mRNA expression of MAPK1， PI3K， JAK2， and STAT3 and protein expression of PI3K， JAK2， and STAT3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium-dose Xueniao capsule group showed decreased mRNA expression of MAPK1， PTGS2， PI3K， JAK2， and STAT3， and protein expression of PI3K， JAK2， and STAT3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The high-dose Xueniao capsule group showed reduced mRNA expression of PTGS2， MAPK1， PI3K， Akt2， JAK2， and STAT3 and protein expression of PI3K， Akt2， JAK2， and STAT3 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionXueniao capsule has a certain curative effect on APN via multiple targets and multiple pathways. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Objective: To study the preliminary pharmacodynamics effect of Shuiludihuang Capsule on rats with type 2 diabetic nephopathy induced by high-fat and sugar diet combined low dose streptozotocin (STZ), and to investigate its mechanism. Methods: Type 2 diabetic nephropathy animal model was established by feeding with high fat and sugar diet combined with low dose of STZ. The FBS, TC, TG, UMA, kidney weight, the hypertrophy index, etc were measured to study its effects of reducing blood glucose and protecting kidney, and its pharmacodynamic effects were expounded by kidney pathological section. The expressions of Angptl4, Desmin and NF-κB in kidney tissues were tested by immunohistochemistry, The expressions of Angptl4 and Desmin in kidney tissues were tested by western blotting, and APN, LEP and Urine Angptl4 were tested by ELISA to probe into its mechanism tentatively. Results: Compared with the model control group, kidney weight, the hypertrophy index, FBG, TC, TG, LEP and the expressions of Angptl4, Desmin and NF-κB in rats of each group (9, 6 mg/kg) were significantly decreased, and body mass, the serum APN level were significantly increased, with significant difference (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Shuiludihuang capsule can regulate glucose and fat metabolism, reduce inflammation, reduce Angptl4, Desmin and NF-κB expression levels in renal tissue, improve renal podocyte injury, reduce urinary protein, and delay renal fibrosis and sclerosis. Its mechanism may be related to Angptl4, Desmin and NF-κB pathways.
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Objective To explore the relation of fat cells factor and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes.Methods 60 patients were divided into obesity group, non-obese group and normal control group.To detect the FINs, FPG, TG, TC, LDL,HDL,APN,CTRP3,leptin and TNF-α, according to the formula of HOMA,to analyze the correlation between indicators.Results 1).Compared with normal control group, DM group significantly decrease serum APN, CTRP3 level, compared with non-obesity group, obesity group APN, CTRP3 level significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The leptin level elevated (P<0.05).2)APN concentration and age, BMI, FPG, TG, TC, LDL, FINs, HOMA-IR has negative correlation;CTRP3 andFPG,FINs, HOMA-negative correlation IR(P<0.05), TG was positively correlated (P<0.05);TNF-α and FPG and positively correlated (P< 0.05).Conclusions T2DM patients` serum APN, CTRP3 and high Leptin levels are closely associated with obesity, HOMA-IR, FPG and TG as an independent factor can be used as a new sensitive index of evaluating the degree of insulin resistance.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Qiliqiangxin capsule on serum concentration of adiponectin (APN) and heart function in patients with uremia combined with heart failure. Methods Uremia patients combined with heart failure were randomly divided into treatment group and control group , both of which were given anti-failure routine therapy. The patients in treatment group were treated with Qiliqiangxin capsule for 8 weeks and those in control group with placebo. The New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart function classi-fication, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), and the levels of APN were observed before and after treatment. Results The level of APN in uremic patients combined with heart failure was significantly higher than that in normal subjects. With the increase in the class of NYHA heart function, the serum concentrations of APN increased, but the difference was not significant(P > 0.05). After 8 weeks′ treatment, the effective rate in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). LVEDD and LVESD in both groups decreased significantly. LVEF in both groups increased, but serum concentration of APN decreased significantly. More obvious effects were observed in treatment group (P < 0.05). Conclution Qiliqiangxin capsule could significantly reduce the level of APN and improve heart function in patients with uremia combined with heart failure.
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OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a los neonatos prematuros que ingresaron en sala deNeonatología, Hospital Escuela César Amador Molina, Matagalpa, Nicaragua, 2015.Diseño metodológico: Es transversal descriptivo, con un universo de 192 neonatos, y una muestra de 130 neonatos prematuros con criterios de inclusión. RESULTADOS: el 83.85% (109) del área rural, el 59.23% (77) edad materna de 20 a 34 años, el 27.69%(36) primaria incompleta, 38.46% (50) primigestas, 64.62% ( 84) concuatro APN, 49.23% (64) peso de 1600 a 2000 gr, 72.31% (94) nacidos entre lasemana 31 a la 34 de gestación, 80.77 (105) atendidos en el segundo nivel deatención, 51.54%, parto vaginal y el 48.46% cesárea, 50.77% (66) femeninas y 49.23%(64) masculinos, 41.54%(54) esquema completo de corticoides antenatalesy 43.08%(56) ninguna dosis, 59.23%(77) con IVU, 50.77(66), RPM, 90%(117) con SDR, 55.38%(72) VM, 57.9%(75) sepsis, 53.08%(69) 1 a 7 días de estancia hospitalaria, 53.08%(69) egresaron vivos y 46.15%(60) fallecidos.
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Humans , Infant, Premature , Premature Birth , Infant, Newborn , Premature Birth/classification , Infant, Newborn , Public Health , Academic Dissertations as Topic , Electronic ThesisABSTRACT
Objective:To prepare a bone substitute using microsphere scaffold containing adiponectin(APN)and to investigate the release behavior of the scaffold in vitro.Methods:Chitosan microsphere was developed by an emulsion-ionic cross-linking method. Poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic)acid (PLGA)and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)were used to prepare microsphere scaffold containing APN.The morphology,particle size,drug loading,incorporation efficiency and release behavior of the microsphere were examined. Results:The APN containing microsphere showed good spherical geometry,suitable size and microporosity under scanning electron microscope.The average diameter of the milipore was 20 -200 μm;the drug loading and incorporation efficiency were 1 .3% and 70.3% respectively.The controled-release process continued for 91 days.The extract solution from the APN microsphere-scaffold promoted MC3T3 cell proliferation without cytotoxicity.Conclusion:The APN microsphere-scaffold has sustained release function and may promote osteoblast proliferation.
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Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the serum levels of sICAM-1,ET,MCP-1 and APN in patients with acute cerebral infarction(ACI).Methods 120 patients with ACI were selected and divided into different groups according to the size of infarction and clinical neurologic impairment degree score.The serum levels of sICAM-1,ET,MCP-1 and APN were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.A healthy control group which approximately matched the experimental group included 30 persons.Results The serum sICAM-1,ET and MCP-1 levels in the patients with ACI were significantly higher than those in the healthy groups (all P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of sICAM-1,ET and MCP-1 were increased steply with the volume of infarction and the clinical neurologic impairment degree score,the differences between the groups was significant (all P ＜ 0.05).The serum APN levels.In the patients with ACI were significantly lower than that in the healthy groups (P ＜ 0.05).The serum levels of APN were decreased steply with the volume of infarction and the clinical neurologic impairment degree score,the differences between the groups were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The sICAM-1,ET,MCP-1 and APN may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ACI.The serum levels of sICAM-1,ET,MCP-1 and APN are closely correlated with the clinical neurologic impairment degree score and the volume of infarction,which may be of great value in predicting acute cerebral infarction and the severity of cerebral infarction.
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ObjectiveTo explore the influence of fluvastatin on the levels of IL-6,MMP-1 and APN in patients with coronary heart diseases.Methods60 patients with coronary heart diseases were randomly divided into 2groups:40mg group and 80mg group treated by fluvastatin and 30 healthy persons were selected as control group,serum levels of IL-6,MMP-1 and APN were measured before and after treatmead.ResultsSerum levels of IL-6,MMP-1 were significantly increasd in the coronary heart diseases group (t =4.896,4.231,all P ＜ 0.05 ).Serum level of APN was significantly decreasd in the coronary heart diseases group( t =4.352,P ＜ 0.05 ).The serum levels of IL-6and M MP-1 were significantly decreasd after therapy (4.156,4.121、4.553,all P ＜ 0.05 ).The decrease of serum levels of IL-6,MMP-1 in 80mg group was more significant than those of 40mg group( t =3.786,3.690,4.10,all P ＜0.05).ConclusionSerum concentrations of IL-6 and MMP-1 increase,but APN decrease in patients with coronary heart diseases.Serum concentrations of IL-6,MMP-1 and APN had relationships with coronary plaque extent.Fluvastatin could decrease serum levels of IL-6 and MMP-1,increase serum level of APN in patients with coronary heart diseases,and have a beneficial effect on steadying the plaque.
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Objective To determine the level of adiponectin (APN) in serum and induced sputum of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease both during acute exacerbation (AECOPD) and silent stage, and investigate APN' s role as a marker of inflammation in the pathogenesis of COPD. Method From October 2008 to October 2009,30 male AECOPD patients in the emergency department, 30 male silent COPD patients in the department of respiratory diseases and 30 healthy nonsmoking male volunteers were included. All subjects' serum and induced sputum were collected, and they were all of normal weight(BMI range of 18.5～ 24.9 kg/m2). Patients were excluded if they suffered from severe bronchial asthma, bronchiectasis or autoimmune disease. The number of cells in induced sputum was counted and the cell type was classified. The concentrations of APN, IL-8, IL-6 and TNF-α in both serum and sputum were measured by using ELISA, and their pulmonary function was tested. The different groups were compared among them by using the t -tests, ANOVA analysis or nonparametric analysis, the relation between variables was assessed by using the Pearson or Spearman correlation test. Results The concentrations of APN in both serum and induced sputum of AECOPD patients were significantly higher than those in the silent COPD patients and the control subjects ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The concentrations of APN in the silent COPD patients were significantly higher than those in the control subjects ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). There were significant relationships between the concentrations of APN in serum and induced sputum and the levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in AECOPD patients ( r = 0.739, 0. 734,0.852 and 0. 857, respectively, P ＜ 0. 05) and in silent COPD patients ( r = 0.751,0.659, 0.707 and 0.867, respectively, P ＜0.05). There was significant relation betweenship between APN and neutrophil in induced sputum of AECOPD patients (r = 0.439, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions APN was involved in the process of systemic and airway inflammation of COPD, and it was related with IL-8 and TNF-α. APN can be used as a new inflammation marker for COPD.
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Objective To investigate the changes of APN and HsCRP levels in patients with cerebral infarction and to observe whether treated with shuxuetong plus sodium ferulate improves the APN and HsCRP levels of patients with cerebral infarction.Methods All patients were randomly divided into treated group and control group.Patients in treated group were treated with shuxuetong and sodium ferulate.Patients in control group were treated with Citicoline.Plasma APN and HsCRP levels were measured in all patients before and after treatent.Results The levels of plasma APN and HsCRP in the two groups before and after treatment were significantly different respectively(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).After treated,the levels of plasma APN and HsCRP in treated group wee better than those in control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Shuxuetong plus sodium ferulate can effectively improve plasma APN and HsCRP levels of cerebral infarction.
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PURPOSE: It is difficult to diagnose acute pyelonephritis(APN) in young children, because of their nonspecific symptoms. The younger the age, the higher the risk of renal scars after APN, which can be prevented by early diagnosis and treatment. We compare the significance of renal imaging studies by age for diagnosis of APN in febrile urinary tract infection(UTI) in children. METHODS: Fifty-three hospitalized children(34 patients under age 2 and 19 patients over age 2) with febrile UTI and who had undergone dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan, renal ultrasonography(RUS) and voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) during the acute stage were reviewed. We compared the renal imaging studies between the different age groups. RESULTS: The DMSA scan showed cortical defects in 23.5% of patients under age 2, which was significantly lower than 63.2% of patents over age 2(P<0.05). The renal cortical defects on DMSA scan were associated only with a high peripheral leukocyte count, but not with fever duration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR), and C-reactive protein(CRP). And there was no correlation between the DMSA scan, VCUG or RUS findings. CONCLUSIONS: The DMSA scan is not sensitive for diagnosis of APN in children less than 2 years of age and the findings cannot predict the presence of vesicoureteral reflux(VUR). VCUG may be necessary for proper management in this age group.
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Child , Humans , Blood Sedimentation , Cicatrix , Diagnosis , Early Diagnosis , Fever , Leukocyte Count , Pyelonephritis , Succimer , Urinary TractABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the expression of aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 on intraembryonic AGM stromal cells, and the change of its enzymatic activity after irradiation injury.The expression of APN/CD13 on AGM stromal cells was assayed by RT-PCR and immunihistochemistry. After the stromal cells in AGM region were irradiated with 8.0 Gy of 60Co γ-rays, APN/CD13 enzymatic activity was measured by spectrophotometer at different time points. The result showed that AGM stromal cells strongly expressed APN/CD13. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 decreased temporarily after irradiation injury, then increased to higher level 4 h after irradiation, and it returned to the pre-irradiation level 24 to 48 h after the irradiation. The enzymatic activity of APN/CD13 was temporarily enhanced after irradiation injury, which might be one of the compensatory mechanisms that promote the hematopoietic recovery after irradiation.
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PURPOSE: To determine and compare the perception among nurses and doctors of the roles and tasks of critical care advanced practice nurses (APNs) in order to establish standardized and formally agreed role criteria for such critical care APNs. METHOD: This study measured and analyzed the necessity of each of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs, as perceived by nurses and doctors, through a survey of 121 participants: 71 nurses in 7 intensive care units (ICUs) at a general hospital in Seoul, and 50 doctors who used ICUs. Data collection utilized a questionnaire of 128 questions in the following fields: direct practice (79), leadership and change agent (17), consultation and collaboration (15), education and counseling (11), and research (6). RESULTS: Both the nurses' and the doctors' groups confirmed the necessity of critical care APNs, with doctors who frequently used ICUs indicating a particularly strong need. As for the priority of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, research, consultation and collaboration, and leadership and change agent. The doctors also considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, research, and leadership and change agent. There was a statistically significant difference between how the two groups regarded all the roles, except for the consultation and collaboration roles. As for the necessity of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered research to be the most necessary, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The doctors, on the other hand, considered education and counseling to be the most necessary, followed by research, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The responses of the two groups to all the roles, except for education and counseling roles, were significantly different. CONCLUSION: Nurses and doctors have different perceptions of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs. Thus, it is necessary for the combined nursing and medical fields to reach an official agreement on a set of criteria to standardize for the roles and tasks of critical care APNs.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Attitude of Health Personnel , Cooperative Behavior , Counseling , Critical Care/organization & administration , Cross-Sectional Studies , Education, Nursing, Graduate , Korea , Leadership , Medical Staff, Hospital/psychology , Nurse Clinicians/education , Nurse Practitioners/education , Nurse's Role , Nursing Methodology Research , Nursing Staff, Hospital/psychology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Professional Autonomy , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Accurate diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis(APN) using clinical and laboratory parameters is often difficult in children. Clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated that renal scarring can be prevented or diminished by early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of acute pyelonephritis. dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) renal scan has been reported to be useful in children for confirmation of the diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. An analysis was undertaken to correlate the clinical and laboratory manifestations of APN with the results of the DMSA renal scan in different age groups. METHODS: We determined the sensitivity of DMSA renal scan in febrile urinary tract infections(UTI) in two groups according to age:group I in less than 2 years; group II in older than 2 years. During the period March 2001 through September 2002, 67 children presented with febrile UTIs. All patients had DMSA renal scan done in the acute period, 55 had voiding cystourethrography(VCUG) and 66 had renal ultrasonogram(RUS) done. RESULTS: There were no significant difference between the two groups in DMSA renal scan (P>0.05). But, in group I sensitivity of DMSA renal scan was 47%; in group II sensitivity of DMSA renal scan was 70%. The grade of reflux correlated with a positive DMSA renal scan. Vesicoureteral reflux did not correlate with age. RUS did not correlate with a positive DMSA renal scan in any age group. Abnormality of RUS did not correlate with age. CONCLUSION: At present, we believe that DMSA renal scan is the prevailing method in differention of the APN. In addition, it is not invasive and less costly. Even though there is no statistical difference in the sensitivity of DMSA renal scan between young and older children, we can observe that in the younger group, the sensitivity of DMSA renal scan seemed to be lower(47%).