Practice of international talents training project for hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

Talents constitute key resources for the development of healthcare sector, and studying abroad is an important and effective means for their training. Based on the analysis of the current status of China′s international talents training project of hospitals, this study summarized existing problems in such training. The authors covered such six aspects as lawful standardization of project management methods, selection of trainees by levels and by types, innovation of the process tracking management mechanisms and strengthened full-process assessment, all dimensional institutional support, consolidation of the responsibilities by individual disciplines in talent team building, and measures to cope with the impact of COVID-19. In accordance with the research results, the study analyzed the exploration and practice of the international training project under the " Elite Talents Cultivation Project" of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, and raised targeted recommendations on attention to the strategic and forward-looking planning, precise setup of training goal categories, classified evaluation of study results, and lawful management among others.

The current situation and development of medical humanistic literacy education in medical colleges at home and abroad / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Medical humanistic literacy education is important in modern medical education. In the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries, many medical schools have incorporated medical humanistic literacy education into compulsory courses and attached great importance to its value. However, the humanistic literacy education in domestic colleges has not yet formed a systematic development. This article analyzes the current status and deficiencies of domestic medical humanistic literacy education by comparing the development stages and characteristics of foreign medical humanistic literacy education. This paper puts forward reasonable suggestions on the integration of medical humanistic literacy curriculum from three aspects: medical education structure and modes, teaching methods and the importance attached to medical literacy education, aiming to provide a reference for our country's reform of medical education.

The characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases from abroad toZhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To analyze the characteristics of imported coronavirus disease 2019 ( COVID-19 ) cases from abroad to Zhejiang Province,so as to provide basis for improving the prevention and control of COVID-19 imported epidemic.@*Methods@#The imported COVID-19 cases reported by Zhejiang Province from September 1, 2020 to January 28, 2021 were extracted from the National Diseases Prevention and Control Information System.The case information were checked with the field epidemiological investigation reports. A descriptive analysis was adopted for the epidemiological characteristics of the imported COVID-19 cases,including time,spatial and population distribution,import source, etc.@*Results@#Zhejiang Province reported 136 cases of COVID-19 from abroad from September 1, 2020 to January 28, 2021, with 38 confirmed cases ( 27.94% ) and 98 asymptomatic cases ( 72.06% ). No deaths and related local cases were reported. A total of 10 confirmed cases and 58 asymptomatic cases were positive for nucleic acid tests at the port of entry, 7 cases were positive after the medical observation period, and the other cases were positive during the medical observation period. Cases were reported in each month. The age of the cases was mainly 20 to 39 years old, accounting for 61.03% (83 cases). The occupations were mainly business services, accounting for 33.09% ( 45 cases ). The 136 imported cases came from 32 countries, among which 26 cases came from Philippines. Most of the imported cases enter China through Hangzhou, Ningbo and Shanghai. @*Conclusions@#The imported epidemic situation in Zhejiang Province is sporadic, with large proportion of asymptomatic infections. The imported cases are mainly business service providers and come from Philippines. Therefore, measures such as nucleic acid tests and isolation of entry personnel at ports should be strengthened to prevent the spread of the local epidemic caused by imported cases.

Preliminary study on the construction of national major science and technology infrastructure for translational medicine in China / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To explore the preliminary experience of the construction of national major science and technology infrastructure for translational medicine in China, and to provide reference for their future development. Methods • The current situation, experience and enlightenment of major science and technology infrastructure construction at home and abroad were sorted out by literature analysis, relevant recommendations were collected through expert interviews, and the preliminary experience of national major science and technology infrastructure construction for translational medicine in China was summarized. Results • The experience and enlightenment that can be used for reference from the construction of major science and technology infrastructure at home and abroad mainly included 7 aspects, i.e. high-quality team construction, device sharing, industry-academiaresearch collaboration, international cooperation, the cluster effect producing, talents cultivation and the scientific data sharing mechanism. In China, the construction of major science and technology infrastructure for translational medicine started late, and had a good try at the above first 5 aspects, but not so good at the last 2. At the same time, self-experience has been formed in taking full advantages of the supporting institutions and getting funds through multiple channels. Conclusion • The construction of national major science and technology infrastructure for translational medicine in China should learn from the development experience at home and abroad, combine our own characteristics, explore and innovate the system and mechanism, and seek new breakthroughs.

Epidemiological characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases from abroad to Zhejiang Province / 预防医学

Objective@#To learn the epidemiological characteristics of imported coronavirus disease 2019（COVID-19）cases from abroad to Zhejiang Province reported from March 1 to April 7,2020,so as to provide basis for improving the prevention and control of COVID-19 imported epidemic. @*Methods@# The imported COVID-19 cases and related local cases reported in Zhejiang Province from March 1 to April 7 were extracted from the National Diseases Prevention and Control Information System and were checked with the epidemiological investigation reports. A descriptive analysis was adopted for the epidemiological characteristics of imported COVID-19 cases,including time,spatial and population distribution,clinical classification,country of origin and contact history of related local cases. @*Results@#The first imported COVID-19 case was reported on March 1. By April 7,totally 91 imported cases were reported,including 48（52.75%）confirmed cases and 43（47.25%）asymptomatic cases. In terms of clinical classification,there were 32（66.67%）ordinary cases and 16（33.33%）mild cases;no severe,critical or dead cases were reported. The symptoms of 41 confirmed cases came out after entry. The median time between entry and onset was 3 days,and the intervals of 4 cases were 14 days or over. All the 11 cities in Zhejiang Province had imported cases,among which Lishui and Wenzhou reported 24（26.37%）and 21（23.08%）cases. Of all the imported cases,81（89.01%）aged from 10 to 49 years;31（34.07%）were overseas students,21（23.08%）were business people and 19（20.88%）were catering staff;69（75.82%） came from European countries such as Italy,UK and Spain. In addition,a local case on the same flight with a imported case was reported on March 26. @*Conclusions @#The imported COVID-19 cases of Zhejiang Province were relatively young,most were asymptomatic or ordinary cases. They were mainly overseas students,business people and catering staff,from European countries such as Italy,UK and Spain,to Lishui and Wenzhou. Strict control measures should be done in entry quarantine,transfer and isolation to prevent local transmission caused by imported cases.

The Effects of Short-term Clinical Pharmacy Learning Trips on English Learning Motives in 5th-year Pharmacy Students / 医学教育

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess changes in attitudes and motivation of selected Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (TUPLS) student pharmacists who participated in two-week Clinical Pharmacy Educational Programs (CPEPs) at two US schools of pharmacy.Method: Questionnaires were distributed to the fifth-year pharmacy students who had participated in two CPEPs groups at University of Southern California (USC) or University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) between August 2013-2016. Questionnaires contained items assessing attitudes and motivation toward English learning. Items were in the form of statements to which participants' responses were measured using a numerical rating scale (0-10; ranging from 0 = "I do not agree at all" to 10 = "I agree completely").Results: 128 responses were analyzed between both participants at USC and UCSF (The follow-up rate was 100%). After participation in CPEPs, the mean score (confidence interval) of ‘I like English' and ‘I feel comfortable talking with English speakers' significantly increased in both groups relative to the baseline (USC group vs. UCSF group, 0.6 (0.2-1.1) vs. 0.5 (0.1-0.9), 1.0 (0.6-1.5) vs. 1.3 (0.9-1.7), respectively). However, the mean increase in score of ‘English ability comes to be needed for me to make in my future careers' and ‘I hope to have opportunities for studying or working abroad in the future' in UCSF group was significantly greater than the baseline, which showed a mean score increase of 0.5 (0.2-0.9) and 0.7 (0.3-1.2), respectively.Conclusions: The current study suggests that CPEPs even two-weeks programs, may stimulate English learning motivation, especially integrative motivation for pharmacy student participants.

Investigation and analysis of intentions and demands of nurses in a cancer hospital to study and train abroad / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To learn the intention and demand of nurses of cancer hospitals to train abroad, so as to promote international exchange and management of nursing work. Methods Investigation was carried out by self-designed questionnaires among the nurses at the cancer hospital.The questionnaire covered the basic information of the nurses, the intention and demand of studying abroad, and information of those who have completed study abroad. The differences among different age groups were compared by descriptive statistics and χ2 test. Results Of the 700 people surveyed, 71.7% (502/700) of the nurses expect to study and train abroad.Their main purpose was to learn new nursing skills, new knowledge and nursing supervision methods.Nurses expect to study and train abroad for updating their concepts, promoting nursing skills, improving their command of a foreign language, and enhancing knowledge update ability. 54.9% (384/700)of the respondents were found with concerns for studying abroad.67.4% (33/49) of the respondents had the assessments after returning home. And 69.4% (34/49) of the respondents had more opportunities after their return. Conclusions It is important for nurses to study and train abroad.To this end, a gradient and hierarchical platform should be developed for nurses to go abroad for study under an institutionalized framework. It is also necessary to build an international communication platform and to establish a long-term evaluation and assessment mechanism.

Effects of long-term studying abroad on scientific research ability of clinical doctors / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective To analyze whether studying abroad has any influence on clinicians′scientific research ability, and study the rationality of the indicators reflecting the scientific research ability. Methods A total of 36 clinicians who studied abroad more than 3 months between 2008 and 2010 were selected as the abroad group, and the control group of 36 clinicians was selected from the clinician information database of the hospital by the method of Propensity Score Match.A comparison and analysis were made regarding the number of papers(SCI), grants and scientific and technological achievements between the two groups. Meanwhile, covariance analysis was used to compare the difference in the number of scientific research achievements between the two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to compare the changes in scientific research achievements of clinicians before and after their abroad study. Results The number of articles( SCI) published and grants obtained in the 3 years after going abroad was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the number of grants obtained in the 4-6 years after going abroad was also significantly higher than that in the control group.The number of papers(SCI)published in the three years after going abroad was more than that in the 3 years before going abroad.The number of grants obtained in the 4-6 years after going abroad was more than that in the 3 years before going abroad.These differences were statistically significant. Conclusions Studying abroad has a beneficial effect on the improvement of clinicians′ scientific research ability. It is reasonable and practical to take the number of SCI articles published as the indicator of short-term changes and the number of funds obtained as the indicator of long-term changes in scientific research ability.

Current Situation on Medication Therapy Management at Home and Abroad / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current situation of domestic and overseas medication therapy management (MTM) and the value of pharmacists in this service, to provide new ideas for the development of pharmaceutical care in China.METHODS: By viewing related literatures about MTM at home and abroad, the development background, related concepts, core elements, work pattern, implementation and research status at abroad and development situation at home were reviewed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: MTM is a service strategy that evolves from the practice of pharmaceutical care. It includes five core elements and is mainly provided by pharmacists either face-to-face or using telephone for patients who have chronic disease, use multiple medications and with excessive drug costs. Foreign MTM service is well developed and extensive studies have demonstrated its clinical, economy and cultural effects. Chinese government attaches great importance to the chronic disease management in old patients, which used to be administered mainly by doctors and nurses. And pharmacists' pharmaceutical care has gradually increased in the past five years. Currently there are a lot of reviews on MTM at home but the practical contents have just started and the empirical studies on the effectiveness evaluation are lacking. Pharmaceutical care model of chronic disease management in China can be explored and carried out learning from foreign MTM model.

Suggestions on Social Scientific Studies of Chinese Medicine Abroad under the Background of "Belt and Road" / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

Based on the review of existed references,research methods and experiences of ethnographic studies of Chinese medicine in the UK,this article proposed several suggestions on the social scientific studies of Chinese medicine abroad under the background of the "Belt and Road":studies should be more pragmatic in order to take the role of think tank;multi-discipline studies are encouraged to take the advantages of professional subjects;multi-cultures should be respected and local conditions should be taken into consideration to achieve conversational communication and all-win interest consortium;qualitative research should be more emphasized to present more ethnographic work for analytical studies;historical studies should be paid attention to in order to get dynamic trends.

Comparative Analysis on the Research Progress of Rare Diseases in Domestic and Abroad / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study and collate the literature on rare diseases in domestic and abroad, and comparative analysis, provide a scientific basis for the domestic rare diseases research. METHODS: Retrieved the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure from January 2011 to June 2016 published literature about rare diseases. RESULTS: Through the screening of literature, finally determine the 200 articles for analysis. It is divided into seven research directions: rare diseases policy research, rare diseases legal and regulatory research, rare diseases medical social security study, orphan drugs availability research, orphan drugs economic evaluation study, orphan drug development research, rare diseases defined standard research. CONCLUSION: Rare diseases policy research is the focus of research both domestic and abroad. Compared with foreign countries, the domestic research on the availability and economic evaluation of orphan drug is less, especially the economic evaluation research is almost blank. It is suggested that the researchers study the multiple aspects of rare diseases and drugs, and to provide the basis and reference for build rare disease policy in China. In addition to the field of rare diseases research, rare diseases drugs face many difficulties in pharmaceutical research, production and supply. The precondition to solve these problems is the nation formulate specific policies and regulations for rare diseases, and then clear the official definition standards of rare diseases, establish relevant policies to encourage pharmaceutical companies to develop rare diseases drugs.

Analysis of channels of going abroad of imported malaria patients in Jiang-su Province,China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the channels of going abroad of imported malaria patients in Jiangsu Province,so as to provide the evidence for the control of imported malaria and health intervention for high?risk population. Methods The data of imported malaria cases in Jiangsu Province in 2015 were collected and the channels of going abroad were analyzed. The Quan?tum GIS 1.7.4 software was applied to map. Results Totally 405 imported cases were reported in Jiangsu Province in 2015, and the cases increased by 14.1%compared with those in 2014. All the patients were migrant workers. The migrant workers were mostly sent abroad by construction companies[43.21%(175/405)]. The dispatching companies were mainly concentrated in Taizhou,Lianyungang,Zhenjiang and Yangzhou cities,accounting for 6.17%(25/405),3.21%(13/405),2.72%(11/405) and 2.22%(9/405),respectively. Totally 176(43.46%)patients returned to China having accompanied workers,and 1.21%(9/745)of accompanied workers were found having symptoms of malaria later. Conclusions It is difficult to monitor malaria in overseas migrant works in Jiangsu Province. The channels of going abroad of migrant workers are various and complicated ,for?mulating the main difficulty and challenge of imported malaria control.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Local Drug Resistance Spectrum Antibiotics and Foreign Guideline on Community Acquired Pneumonia / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics and foreign guideline in the treatment of patients with community acquired pneumonia(CAP). Methods A prospective,randomized,single blind,and positive drug parallel controlled design was used in the treatment. CAP patients with no underlying disease outpatients and inpatients<48 hours were selected as the research object. The patients in the trial group were given sensitive local drug resistance spectrum antibiotics: moxifloxacin,400 mg and 1 times a day. The patients in the control group were given azithromycin tablets(each 500 mg,once daily) promulgated by the 2007 version of the IDSA / ATS adult CAP guideline. Results There were 106 cases of CAP patients,of which 77 cases completed treatment,including 39 cases in the experimental group and 38 cases in the control group. There were significant differences in the clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rate between the two groups,with the clinical efficacy of 89.7% and 68.4%(P < 0.01),the bacterial clearance rate of 87.9% and 54.5%(P < 0.05),respectively. Conclusion The clinical efficacy of drug resistant spectrum sensitive antibiotics in the treatment of CAP in Kunming was better than that of IDSA/ATS. Clinicians should pay attention to the characteristics and composition of resistance of common pathogenic bacteria in our country during the study and reference from foreign guideline,and adjust the therapeutic regimen according to the changes of the local drug resistance monitoring data rather than copy the recommended treatment plan by foreign countries.

Status of Study Abroad Program Use at Chiba University School of Medicine / 医学教育

<p></p><p> As globalization also influences medical education, Chiba University has provided extensive study abroad programs. This paper reports a medical student's methods to prepare for using such programs and improve his English level, and outlines his actual experience of studying abroad during a 6-year period. It also discusses the significance of medical study abroad, focusing on the following 3 points: meeting medical leaders in other countries; establishing friendships with international medical students of similar age groups, while comparing Japanese students' abilities with international standards; and taking full advantage of being a student, as one is allowed to flexibly develop global perspectives only in his/her school days before starting a long career as a medical professional, to provide guidance for medical students toward such experience and career development based on it.</p>

Research and improvement on the satisfactory degree of foreign clinic service patients aboard hospital ship / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To upgrade the satisfactory degree of foreign patients by persistently improving medical treatment quality aboard hospital ship.Methods To choose 3 days and 30 foreign cases who accepted ultramarine medical treatment on hospital ship.All the cases were Pakistani or Bangladeshi.Cases were assigned into 3 kinds of queuing program and investigated the satisfactory degree using self-made questionnaire.The program of highest satisfactory degree was used in the next 3 countries.Results Analysis showed that waiting time for preliminary diagnosis,examination and total waiting time were significantly different between program C and A; waiting time for preliminary diagnosis,examination and total waiting time were significantly different between program B and A,but time for return visit increased in program B compared to that of program A.Degree of satisfaction:70.0％～76.7％ for program A,73.3％～80.0％ for program B,96.7％～100.0％ for program C.Conclusions Program C is the best method to shorten waiting time,improve order and upgrade the satisfactory degree.This research has a significant value in the enhancement of efficiency aboard hospital ship and improvement of foreign patients' satisfactory degree.

Perception of artificial airway suction from patients and nurses: a literature review / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To study the perception of patients and nurses for the artificial airway suction,in order to provide theoretical reference for building the artificial airway suction clinical practice guidelines.Methods CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,Pubmed,Science direct databases were searched for papers of patients and/or nurses' perception over the limited period of 2005 to 2013.The retrieved papers were analyzed.Results Nineteen eligible papers were identified.Extract relevant contents found the majority of patients retained the memory of that airway suction,mainly for pain,choking,suffocation,and eager to get the relevant knowledge and information.There were few researches on nurses' subjective feeling about airway suction.Conclusion We should pay attention to the perception of patients,while strengthening the research on nurses' perception of artificial airway suction and improve communication with patients,in order to relieve their discomfort experience,and could be helpful for the building of airway suction clinical practice guidelines.

The abroad research status of chinese anti-neoplasms herbs basing on Pubmed database / 国际中医中药杂志

This article is basing on the literatures of Pubmed database, collecting and analyzing recent-year abroad researches that related on Chinese anti-neoplasms herbs and botanicals.

Military Psychiatry and Deployments:Post-traumatic Stress Disorders in Bundeswehr Soldiers / 解放军医学杂志

In the 15 years since the end of the Cold War, the extended task spectrum of the Bundeswehr has included missions abroad. These entail special psychological stress for soldiers. Some develop unspecific stress symptoms, while others develop post-traumatic stress disorders as a result of their exposure to stress. The Bundeswehr has created a medical and psychological stress concept to organize the prevention of stress and trauma. In its military hospitals (particularly in Hamburg), the Bundeswehr has established special facilities for trauma therapy, which will be presented and described in the following article.

The Situation of Female Doctors in Iraq / 国際保健医療

This study aimed to analyze roles and status of Iraqi female medical doctors in the society and their homes, their career consciousness, influence of conflicts upon health services in Iraq. As Iraq is an Islamic society in conflicts, this study further aimed to provide a basis to consider the feasibility and problems to train them in neighboring countries, as well as possibilities of future training courses. <br>We conducted face-to-face interviews to 16 Iraqi female medical doctors who participated in a four-week-training course in Egypt under the trilateral medical technical cooperation project. We could not carry out our survey in Iraq because of security concerns.<br>Most of the interviewed Iraqi female medical doctors were engaged in obstetrics and gynecology or pediatrics, and they usually examined female patients. These female medical doctors were highly motivated and rarely felt the gender discrimination in their work sites. They tended to choose husbands who would not hinder their professional career. They were also keen to participate in training courses outside Iraq, if the duration of the courses were within a few months. Their family agreed to send wives or daughters abroad alone for the training. Quality of the training was the most important for those doctors. Therefore, the religion or the distance from Iraq to the training places did not matter much. They expected that training courses of the hospital management systems and nurses'awareness raising should be taken place in future. <br>Female health professionals are preferable to provide female patients with health services in Islamic societies. Although, women and children are especially vulnerable in times of conflicts, the current security situation in Iraq prevents them from receiving direct support. Therefore, this study suggests that inviting female medical doctors to abroad for medical training should be a worthwhile alternative to improve the health status of women and children in Iraq.

CURRENT STATUS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES SUFFERED BY JAPANESE PEOPLE LIVING IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

We gathered and analyzed date on respiratory diseases suffered by Japanese adults treated in Ram Hospital in Chiang Mai and Subang Jaya Medical Center in Kuala Lumpur. In both hospitals, the percentages of patients undergoing treatment for respiratory diseases was the greatest. Of these, relatively mild symptoms such as upper respiratory tract infection account for the majority of the diseases, but also included are instances of lower respiratory tract infection or chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic sinusitis and COPD⁄bronchial asthma. In Kuala Lumpur, we conducted a questionnaire-based survey targeted on Japanese people living there, in order to detemine the currnt status of respiratory deseases. The date showed that many Japanese had symptoms of respiratory diseases and felt that air pollution was serious. <BR>It is important for Japanese people living in Asia to be aware of preventative measures to prevent respiratory diseases, such as those caused by air pollution and infection.