ABSTRACT
Objective:To review the drug absorption evaluation methods for pulmonary delivery. Methods: The drug absorption cell models, in vitro pulmonary membrane model and in vivo animal model were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of those models and applications were reviewed by referring to the databases in CNKI and Pubmed. Results:The appro-priate animal model and method for the study of pulmonary absorption should be chosen according to the experimental purpose and char-acteristics of drugs. Conclusion:The review provides the thoughts and theoretical basis for the research and development of pulmonary delivery.
ABSTRACT
Application of penetration enhancers (PE) is one of the most commonly used strategies to improve the percutaneous absorption. Most essential oils from Chinese materia medica (CMM) possess the good ability to enhance percutaneous absorption, minor skin irritation, and certain therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, the research on essential oils as PE has good prospects. In the present paper, the percutaneous absorption enhancing effects, mechanism of action, safety, and transdermal absorption of essential oils from CMM are reviewed. Moreover, the existing main problems, namely the confusing application of pharmaceutical preparations and the limitation of in vitro percutaneous absorption evaluations, are summarized and analyzed. Then the research ideas are proposed on the basis of the analysis results. The application scope, dosage forms, and mechanism of action of essential oils from CMM as PE should be further studied and standardized. More attention should be paid to the guiding role of CMM theory.