ABSTRACT
Objective:To sort out the history of microsurgery in China from 1960 to 1973 based on the literatures in chronological order.Methods:Chinese and English scientific journals and academic monographs published in public and in house were searched, and the words "microsurgery" and "microsurgery related" literatures in both Chinese and English were carefully read and analysed. The dates of operation, communication and report were recorded and confirmed.Results:Microsurgery in China started in early 1963, thanks to the report of the world's first successful severed limb replantation in Shanghai Sixth Hospital. In the following 3 years, many teams carried out experimental researches on microvascular technology and explored the replantation of severed fingers. In 1964, the world's first severed leg replantation. In 1966, the world's first toe transfer was operated to reconstruct the thumb, and the world's first batch of completely severed fingers were successfully replanted by microvascular suture. In 1972, it was reported, at the Guangzhou Conference on Replantation of Severed Limbs, that a 44.9% of survival rate had been achieved over 260 cases and the term "microsurgery" was used for the first time in the conference. In March, 1973, the second free inguinal flap transfer in the world was completed. In May, 1973, an American Replantation Mission visited China. It opened a precedent for academic exchange in microsurgery between China and foreign countries. With 10 years of clinical practices, the original and advanced Chinese limb (finger) replantation technology and principle had been recognised by the international peers.Conclusion:The research on the history of Chinese microsurgery has confirmed that the development of Chinese microsurgery was basically synchronised with the world, but with a difficult start in 1960-1973.
ABSTRACT
There are two clues in academic inheritance of acupuncture, including theoretical inheritance and empirical inheritance. Up to now, the mainstream of acupuncture theory has not been in conformity with empirical clinic, and could not explain new clinical techniques. The existing acupuncture theories are in need of strict re-examination, and new academic achievements shall be carefully absorbed. The literature review, concepts research and academic history study are considered as key pathways of acupuncture theory research.
ABSTRACT
En este artículo se mencionan las características de una investigación que está en proceso de elaboración y que tiene el propósito de estudiar las trayectorias académicas y profesionales de tres generaciones de alumnos (2006, 2007 y 2008) que realizan los estudios de Especialización en Enfermería, en sus diversas orientaciones a través del Plan Único de Especialización en Enfermería (PUEE). Si bien se trata de una investigación preponderantemente de corte cuantitativo, se han reservado algunos aspectos para ser tratados en forma cualitativa. Se incluyen de manera sobresaliente los datos que aportó la primera fase de su elaboración, es decir la conformación de un estado del arte. Se adelantan los rubros que los instrumentos de investigación reúnen y cuya aplicación se ha realizado por ahora, para el caso de la cohorte 2006 y parcialmente en la del 2007.
In this article are mentionated the characteristics of a research in process and which purpose is to study the academic and professional life of three generations (2006, 2007 and 2008). The students make or made their specialization in different branches of nursering through a syllabus called in Spanish Plan Único de Especialización en Enfermería (PUEE). Even though this research deals mainly with cuantitative aspects, some aspects have been reserved for their study based on a cualitative approach. The data from the first phase of researching are included, that is the antecedents. Also the characteristics of the research instruments applied to generation 2006 and 2007 are presented.