Interpretation of 2023 American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics focused update on neonatal resuscitation guidelines / 中国当代儿科杂志

In November 2023, the American Heart Association and the American Academy of Pediatrics jointly released key updates to the neonatal resuscitation guidelines based on new clinical evidence. This update serves as an important supplement to the "Neonatal resuscitation: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care". The aim of this paper is to outline the key updates and provide guidance on umbilical cord management and the selection of positive pressure ventilation equipment and its additional interfaces in neonatal resuscitation.

Effectiveness of VATP on Prevention of Pediculosis through the Use of Natural Remedies among Mothers of School-Age Children

Background: The child is the stylish creation among God's brutes. The most precious gift is a healthy child. The children of the moment will shape the India of hereafter. Head lice infestation is an ongoing global health issue, particularly among academ y-age children. An ongoing issue with public health on a global scale, particularly with the academy- age children. Methods: Total 60 maters are included as the sample. An accessible slice system was used. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to gather information, and Chi-square analysis was used to uncover the relationship between knowledge about pediculosis forestallment through the use of natural remedies with socio-demographic factors. Results: The post-test score was more advanced than the pre-test knowledge score, at 71.63. Using natural curatives, the VATP was helpful in precluding Pediculosis to the tune of 33.47 0f the overall score. The reckoned knowledge t-value (15.84) was significantly advanced than the table value for the degree of freedom 59 and 0.05% position of significance (1.96). The videotape- supported tutoring approach was successful as a result. Conclusion: After evaluation of knowledge on Pediculosis, it was established that utmost maters had average knowledge regarding pediculosis forestallment through natural remedies. As a result, exploration has shown that VATP was relatively helpful in raising awareness of natural remedies.

Appropriateness of drug usage in acute pediatric diarrhea – A prospective observational study

Background: Pediatric diarrhea is the 3rd foremost cause of childhood mortality all over the world. Although these are self-limiting, irrational antibiotic use and polypharmacy are prevalent in their treatment. Antimicrobial therapy is recommended in bacterial diarrhea and severely malnourished children only. Inappropriate use of drugs for the treatment of acute diarrhea can be minimized by adhering to standard guidelines. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: (1) To evaluate the appropriateness of drug treatment in Acute Pediatric Diarrhea and (2) to assess the appropriateness of antibiotic treatment in diarrhea based on modified Kunin’s criteria. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted for 12 months at the pediatric inpatient unit of Bidar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bidar. Prescriptions of 400 cases of acute diarrhea were evaluated for the appropriateness of drug usage using Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP) guidelines and modified Kunin’s criteria. Results: Among the 400 acute diarrhea cases, majority were male (54.75%) and below 5 years (58.25%). Oral rehydration solution (ORS) was given to 337 patients and IV fluids to 324 cases. About 55.5% patients were prescribed antibiotics. In 75.67% prescriptions, the antibiotic use was not necessary (modified Kunin’s criteria category V). Only 12.5% prescriptions adhered to IAP guidelines (2006), which included ORS and Zinc. About 54.5% patients were prescribed probiotics and 80% were prescribed antiemetics (ondansetron), which is not appropriate as per guidelines. Conclusion: Majority of patients were prescribed ORS, but only few were given zinc as an adjunctive therapy. Thus, we found that adherence to IAP 2006 guidelines was very low in our setup. Based on our observations, we suggest that prescribers should make use of standard treatment guidelines and choose appropriate drugs and their formulations so that irrational use of drugs can be minimized.

Effect of social support on psychological adaptation in military freshmen: The mediating effect of resilience / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between resilience, perceived social support, and adaptability in military freshmen.Methods:A total of 195 freshmen were randomly selected from a military medical university. The Chinese version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), and a self-test questionnaire of college students' psychological adaptability were used to investigate their resilience, perceived social support, and adaptability. SPSS 26.0 was used to perform an independent samples t-test and a Pearson correlation analysis to analyze the differences in these scores between freshmen with different demographic characteristics and the correlation between these scores. By using the PROCESS plug-in, a structural equation model was used to analyze the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between social support and psychological adaptation, which was further tested using the Bootstrap method. Results:The independent samples t-test showed that females had a significantly higher score of other support than males ( t = -2.05, P = 0.041), and student leaders had significantly higher scores of family support and other support, total score of social support, and score in psychological adaptability than other students (all P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations between the scores of PSSS and its each item, CD-RISC, and self-test of college students' psychological adaptability (all P<0.05). The structural equation model showed that resilience partially mediated the relationship between social support and psychological adaptation, and the Bootstrap method revealed a significant indirect effect (95%CI: 0.102-0.253). Conclusion:Resilience plays a partial mediating role between perceived social support and adaptability in military freshmen. They should be guided to correctly perceive external support and develop strong resilience.

Barreras para la investigación formativa percibidas por estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad chilena / Barriers to formative research perceived by nursing students from a Chilean university / Barreiras na pesquisa formativ a percebidas pos estudantes de enfermagem de uma univ ersidade chilena

Introducción: la investigación formativa se presenta como un elemento primordial para la generación de conocimientos, razón por la cual las instituciones de educación superior fomentan la participación de estudiantes en proyectos de investigación. Objetivo: descubrir las barreras percibidas por estudiantes de enfermería con relación a la investigación formativa en una universidad chilena. Método: investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, mediante un estudio intrínseco de caso. La muestra no probabilística de casos por criterio se conformó con 12 informantes clave; criterios de inclusión: ser estudiante de cuarto año de la carrera y aprobar por primera vez la asignatura Tesis II. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevista semiestructurada. Se usó la metodología de Jefferson para transcribir los datos verbales y se cumplió con los criterios de rigor y éticos. Resultados: emergieron cinco metacategorías: Modulo evaluativo, Centros en convenio, Apoyo de las enfermeras, Conocimientos de los docentes, Estudiantes: trabajo interno, ordenadas en rango de importancia; de ellas surgieron a su vez categorías medianas: Pánico escénico, dificultades en los centros en convenio, poca disposición de enfermeros, déficit en competencias docentes, obstáculos en el trabajo en equipo por parte de los estudiantes, entre otros. Conclusiones: como barreras para la investigación se identificó: pánico escénico en la evaluación, y exposición de esta; falta de apoyo y compromiso de parte de enfermeros e instituciones en convenio a la hora de desarrollar las investigaciones, debilidades en la formación investigativa por parte de sus docentes y dificultades en trabajo en equipo y la falta de motivación por parte de los estudiantes.

Introduction: Formative research is an essential element for knowledge generation, which is why higher education institutions encourage students' participation in research projects. Objective: To discover the barriers that nursing students perceive concerning formative research in a Chilean university. M e t h o d : Qualitative, exploratory research using an intrinsic case study. The non-probabilistic sample of cases, selected through criterion sampling, comprised 12 key informants. For inclusion in the study, students must be in their fourth year of undergraduate studies and have passed the subject Thesis II for the first time. Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews. Jefferson's transcription method was used to transcribe verbal data, and rigor and ethical criteria were met. Results: Five meta-categories emerged, listed in order of importance: evaluation module, centers under agreement, nurses' support, teacher's knowledge, and students' internal work. From these, medium-sized categories emerged: stage fright, difficulties in the centers under agreement, lack of willingness on the part of nurses, a deficit in teaching skills, and obstacles to students' teamwork, among others. Conclusions: The research barriers identified were stage fright during evaluations and exposure to it, nurses and institutions' lack of support and commitment when developing research, teachers' weaknesses in research training, teamwork difficulties, and students' lack of motivation

Introdução: a pesquisa formativa apresenta-se como um elemento fundamental para a geração de conhecimento, razão pela qual as instituições de ensino superior incentivam a participação dos alunos em projetos de pesquisa. Objetivo: descobrir as barreiras percebidas pelos estudantes de enfermagem em relação à pesquisa formativa em uma universidade chilena. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, por meio de um estudo de caso intrínseco. A amostra não probabilística de casos por critério foi composta por 12 informantes-chave; Critérios de inclusão: ser aluno do quarto ano do curso e ser aprovado pela primeira vez na disciplina de Dissertação II. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se a metodologia de Jefferson para transcrever os dados verbais e foram atendidos os critérios éticos e de rigor. Resultados: Emergiram cinco meta-categorias: Módulo de avaliação, Centros em Convênio, Apoio dos enfermeiros, Conhecimentos dos docentes, Alunos: trabalho interno, ordenados por ordem de importância; Delas emergiram categorias médias: medo do palco, dificuldades nos centros de acordo, pouca disposição de enfermeiros, déficit nas competências docentes, obstáculos no trabalho em equipe por parte dos alunos, entre outros. Conclusões: identificaram-se como barreiras na pesquisa: o medo do palco na avaliação e sua exposição; falta de apoio e comprometimento por parte dos enfermeiros e instituições em convênio no desenvolvimento de pesquisas, fragilidades na formação em pesquisa por parte de seus docentes e dificuldades no trabalho em equipe e falta de motivação por parte dos alunos

A "realidade do saber e da habilidade que se inculca": clima, médicos e saúde pública no Brasil, 1808-1835 / The "reality of the knowledge and the ability instilled": climate, doctors, and public health in Brazil, 1808-1835

Resumo Esse artigo analisa os esforços de construção de espaços próprios à intelectualidade médica no Brasil a partir da transferência da Corte de Lisboa para o Rio de Janeiro em 1808, passando pelo processo de independência do país, até a criação da Academia Imperial de Medicina, em 1835. A partir dessas iniciativas, procurou-se afirmar a proeminência do saber médico-científico diante das práticas de cura tradicionais, bem como uma agenda higiênica para a nação independente, fortemente atrelada à legitimação de uma expertise local sobre a climatologia brasileira. Ao longo desse processo, algumas lideranças médicas envolvidas buscavam afirmar a convergência entre o discurso higiênico e os interesses do Estado imperial nascente, ao mesmo tempo em que anunciavam renovar os mecanismos de legitimação da carreira que, supostamente, passavam a se dar pelo mérito científico em detrimento dos favorecimentos clientelares típicos do Antigo Regime.

Abstract This article analyzes the efforts to build spaces for the medical community in Brazil since the transfer of the Court from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro in 1808, through the country's independence process, until the creation of the Imperial Academy of Medicine, in 1835. Such initiatives affirm the prominence of medical-scientific knowledge in the face of traditional healing practices, as well as a hygienic agenda for the independent nation, strongly linked to the legitimation of local expertise in Brazilian climatology. Throughout this process, some medical leaders involved sought to affirm the convergence between the hygienic discourse and the interests of the nascent imperial state, while at the same time announcing the renewal of the mechanisms of legitimation of the career that, supposedly, started to be given by scientific merit instead of the patronage system typical of the Ancien Régime.

Antiseizure Medication Withdrawal in Seizure-Free Patients: What is New for the Pediatrician?

The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) has recently updated its practise advisory on antiseizure medication withdrawal. The recommendations have been formulated for pediatric as well as adult epilepsy, with emphasis on the risk factors for seizure relapse, occurrence of status epilepticus or death on drug withdrawal, and effect on quality of life in both age groups. We herein list the important aspects of the updated recommendations in pediatric epilepsy for the benefit of the general pediatricians. The full update is available at the AAN website.

Cirujano académico, centro académico: su rol docencia, investigación y en la atención de pacientes / The academic surgeon, academic center: its teaching, research, and patient's assistance role

Resumen Un cirujano académico tiene características y atributos especiales que lo distinguen de otros cirujanos. Su misión no es solo asistencial, sino que además es un investigador, docente, comunicador, deber ejercer liderazgo, debe ser innovador. Además de su función primordial que es ofrecer la óptima atención de sus pacientes. Al estar inserto en un centro académico cumple estas funciones y se convierte, dado su prestigio, en un referente individual e institucional para la comunidad y los futuros cirujanos.

An academic surgeon has special characteristics and attributes that distinguish them from other surgeons. His mission is not only healthcare, but he is also a researcher, teacher, communicator, must exercise leadership, must be innovative and the final goal is his work is to offer optimal care for his patients. Being inserted in an academic center, it fulfills these functions and becomes, given its prestige, an individual and institutional reference for the community and future.

Compilation of a questionnaire on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo form a questionnaire of high reliability and validity on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy. MethodsIn December 2020， full-time postgraduates of a military academy were randomly selected as research objects， and their mate preferences were investigated via a self-compiled open-ended questionnaire. The item screening and expert consultation were carried out to compile an initial questionnaire on mate preferences of the postgraduates in military academy， and the questionnaire survey was conducted on 89 postgraduates in the military academy. Then the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to test the questionnaire， and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested by calculating Pearson correlation coefficient， Cronbach's α coefficients and split-half coefficient. ResultsThe questionnaire on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy has been formed， which consisting of 4 factors （intrinsic quality， personal ability， external conditions and quality of life） and 25 items was formed. The correlation coefficient between the total score of the questionnaire and the score of each factor ranged from 0.739 to 0.864， Cronbach's α coefficient of total score and each factor ranged from 0.723 to 0.926， and the split-half coefficient was between 0.682 and 0.899. ConclusionThe compiled questionnaire on mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy has good credibility and validity， and can be used as a tool to collect the data of psychological marriage and love on the mate preferences of postgraduates in military academy.

Perspectivas académicas de estudiantes de enfermería en la asignatura de Primeros Auxilios / Academic perspectives of nursing students in the subject of First Aid

INTRODUCCIÓN: La inserción de los programas de Primeros Auxilios en el currículum de Enfermería proporcionan en la población estudiantil aprendizaje experiencial y competencias ya en etapas tempranas del modelaje académico. OBJETIVO: Descubrir las perspectivas académicas que le otorgan los estudiantes de la carrera de enfermería a la asignatura de Primeros Auxilios en el currículum. METODOLOGÍA: Investigación cualitativa, exploratoria, con enfoque fenomenológico social de acuerdo con Alfred Schultz. La muestra se conformó por 15 informantes claves, criterio de inclusión: ser estudiante matriculado en el año lectivo y estar curricularmente al día. Recolección de datos se formaron dos grupos focales. La transcripción de la data verbal fue realizada mediante metodología de Jefferson, se cumplió con los criterios de rigor y éticos. RESULTADOS: Emergieron tres categorías: Aporte que tiene Primeros Auxilios en el desarrollo de las competencias genéricas, Identidad profesional y Sugerencias para la asignatura de Primeros Auxilios. De las competencias genéricas destaca Comunicación y toma de decisiones; de la segunda sobresale el rol educativo y asistencial que se enmarca como contribución profesional y las sugerencias apuntan a que debería incluirse Primeros Auxilios psicológicos y rodear un enfoque innovador que tenga en cuenta las redes sociales. CONCLUSIONES: Los discentes sí asocian la asignatura con su currículum. Se reconocieron competencias genéricas como: Conocimiento, Motivación, Liderazgo, Comunicación y Toma de decisiones. Como contribución profesional se identificaron el rol educativo y rol asistencial; no se visualizan roles administrativos ni investigación. Sugerencia: incorporación de primeros auxilios psicológicos y elaboración de interacciones digitales aplicadas en redes sociales.

BACKGROUND: The insertion of First Aid programs in the Nursing curriculum provides the student population with experiential learning and skills already in the early stages of academic modeling. OBJECTIVE: To discover the academic perspectives that nursing students give to the subject of First Aid in the curriculum. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative, exploratory research, with a social phenomenological approach according to Alfred Schultz. The sample was made up of 15 key informants, inclusion criteria: being a student enrolled in the school year and being up to date with the curriculum. Data collection Two focus groups were formed. The transcription of the verbal data was carried out using the Jefferson methodology, the rigor and ethical criteria were met. RESULTS: Three categories emerged: Contribution that First Aid has in the development of generic skills, Professional identity and Suggestions for the First Aid subject. Of the generic competences, Communication and decision-making stand out; of the second, the educational and care role that is framed as a professional contribution stands out and the suggestions point to the fact that Psychological First Aid should be included and surround an innovative approach that takes into account social networks. CONCLUSIONS: The students do associate the subject with their curriculum. Generic competences such as: Knowledge, Motivation, Leadership, Communication and Decision-making were recognized. Professional contribution, educational role and care role were identified, administrative or research roles are not displayed. Suggestion: incorporation of psychological first aid and elaboration of digital interactions applied in social networks.

Homeópatas Latinoamericanos / Latin American Homeopaths

Un breve repaso por la historia de la Homeopatía, así como los antecedentes históricos de su llegada a los distintos países de América Latina, sirve como preámbulo para hablar de la Asociación Homeópatas Latinoamericanos, conformada por un extenso grupo de médicos que se ha convertido en una referencia académica de gran relevancia. Los miembros de este club, al cual pertenecen 523 personas, intercambian con sus pares información de la historia de la Homeopatía y aprenden bases conceptuales de las diferentes escuelas, al mismo tiempo que discuten aspectos ligados a las Materias Médicas y la repertorización. El foro permite, asimismo, conocer de múltiples casos clínicos de éxito, así como las diferencias y equivalencias en las escalas de dilución en muchos países del mundo.

A brief review of the history of Homeopathy, as well as the historical background of its arrival in the different countries of Latin America, serves as a preamble to talk about the Association of Latin American Homeopaths, made up of a large group of doctors that has become an academic reference of great relevance. The members of this club, to which 523 people belong, exchange with their peers information on the history of Homeopathy and learn conceptual bases of the different schools, while discussing aspects related to Medical Subjects and repertorization. The forum also allows for multiple clinical success stories, as well as differences and equivalencies in dilution scales in many countries of the world.

Visualization analysis on the research hotspots of doctoral dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences during 2008-2018 / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To reveal the research focus of doctoral dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences by information visualization.Methods:Based on the relevant documents from January 1st, 2008 to December 31st, 2018 retrieved by CNKI, through the methods of CiteSpace high-frequency word visualization analysis and co word clustering, the research focus was explored in three time segments, and comparative analysis was carried out.Results:A total of 1 918 literatures were included. The methodology research based on Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndromes, the application research of data mining technology, and the clinical research of TCM were identified by knowledge atlas as the research hotspots of academic dissertation of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from 2008 to 2018, with good continuity. The disease types of related researcheswere close to the clinical frontier, and the continuity of syndrome and treatment research of coronary heart disease were poor. The number of basic researches represented by TCM syndrome were always lower than that of clinical research. The diagnosis and treatment mode and modern research methods based on the combination of disease and syndrome and the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine were gradually deepening in the field of TCM.Conclusions:Interdisciplinary research is a hot topic in the dissertation research of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. The use of information visualization tools can provide reference for scientific and in-depth exploration of the research direction of TCM.

Footprints on the foundation road of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in seventy years / 中国针灸

The exploration and representative achievements of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences are reviewed during the past 70 years since its foundation in the basic research field, e.g. theoretic innovation, literature research, cultural relic study and museum construction, as well as acupuncture-moxibustion standardization. Besides, the analysis is conducted on the relevant aspects that needs to be improved or enhanced. Facing the future and reviewing the original aspiration, the approaches to the new journey of inheritance and innovation in Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion have been explored, i.e. discovering rules, creating innovation methods, constructing platform and refining essence.

Evolução do consumo de nutrientes e de alimentos segundo a classificação NOVA em frequentadores de serviço de promoção da saúde da atenção primária / Evolution of nutrient and food consumption according to the NOVA classification among users of health promotion service in primary health care

INTRODUÇÃO: Consumir alimentos in natura, minimamente processados e preparações culinárias (PC), em detrimento aos ultraprocessados (AUP), pode melhorar o perfil nutricional da dieta e reduzir o risco de desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). OBJETIVO: Avaliar a evolução do consumo de nutrientes e de alimentos, segundo a classificação NOVA, após intervenção coletiva de incentivo ao consumo de frutas e hortaliças (FH) em usuários do Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Foram desenvolvidos três artigos com dados oriundos de ensaio comunitário controlado e randomizado (ECCR), conduzido entre 2013 ­ 2015, com amostra representativa das unidades do PAS de Belo Horizonte, sendo 9 unidades pertencentes ao Grupo Controle (GC) e 9 ao Grupo Intervenção (GI). Indivíduos alocados no GC participaram das atividades rotineiras do serviço de saúde (prática regular de exercícios físicos três vezes/semana) e aqueles do GI adicionalmente receberam, durante sete meses, intervenção de incentivo ao consumo de FH, pautada no Modelo Transteórico e na pedagogia dialógica e problematizadora de Paulo Freire. Artigo 1: Estudo transversal realizado com dados da linha de base do ECCR que objetivou analisar o consumo de AUP segundo fatores sociodemográficos, e sua associação com o perfil nutricional da dieta. O perfil nutricional da dieta foi analisado segundo os quintis de contribuição percentual de energia oriunda de AUP mediante análises de associação e de Regressão Linear referente ao consumo de energia total, densidade energética, carboidratos, fibras, proteínas, gorduras totais e subgrupos de gorduras: saturada, monoinsaturada, poli-insaturada, trans, ômega 3 e ômega 6, vitaminas A, B3, B6, B12, Folato e C; e os minerais cálcio, ferro, fósforo, magnésio, potássio e sódio. Além disso, avaliou-se o percentual de inadequação do consumo de nutrientes recomendados para prevenção de DCNT e do consumo de vitaminas por Regressão de Poisson. Artigo 2: ECCR que objetivou verificar a efetividade de intervenção coletiva de incentivo ao consumo de FH sobre o consumo de alimentos, segundo a classificação NOVA, em frequentadores de serviço de promoção da saúde da Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS) brasileira. Os desfechos analisados foram consumo de PC, de alimentos processados (AP) e de AUP por meio de análises de associação e de comparação entre GC e GI, e Equações de Estimações Generalizadas (GEE). Artigo 3: ECCR que objetivou verificar a efetividade de intervenção coletiva de incentivo ao consumo de FH sobre a adequação do consumo de nutrientes, especialmente aqueles voltados para prevenção de DCNT, em frequentadores de serviço de promoção da saúde da APS brasileira. Também foram utilizadas análises de associação e GEE entre os grupos GI e GC. Os nutrientes analisados foram: energia total, carboidratos, fibras, proteínas, gorduras totais e subgrupos de gorduras: saturada, monoinsaturada, poli-insaturada, trans, ômega 3 e ômega 6, vitaminas A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, Folato, C, D, E; e os minerais cálcio, ferro, fósforo, magnésio, manganês, potássio, selênio, sódio e zinco. RESULTADOS - Artigo 1: O consumo de AUP contribuiu com 27,7% da energia total da dieta. O seu maior consumo associou a maiores valores de ingestão de energia, densidade de energia, gorduras totais e sódio; e menores de proteínas, gorduras monoinsaturadas, ômega 3 e algumas vitaminas e minerais. A prevalência de inadequação de nutrientes para prevenção de DCNT variou entre 30% e 100% entre o menor e maior quintil de consumo de AUP. Artigo 2: Após 12 meses de acompanhamento, observou-se entre os indivíduos do GI e do GC, aumento no consumo de PC e redução de AUP; além de aumento no consumo de AP entre os indivíduos do GC. Foi observado que a intervenção nutricional contribuiu para redução do consumo de AP para indivíduos alocados no primeiro quartil (RR: 0.861; CI: 0.749; 0.988) e aumento para aqueles alocados no segundo quartil de consumo de AP (RR: 1.145; CI: 1.041; 1.259). Também foi observada relação entre participação na intervenção nutricional e aumento do consumo de AUP para indivíduos alocados no terceiro quartil de consumo de AUP (RR: 1,062; CI: 1,005; 1,122). Artigo 3: Participantes dos grupos GC e GI, após 12 meses, apresentaram redução no consumo de energia, ômega 6 e sódio; e aumento de carboidratos, fibras, vitaminas A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D e E, folato, cálcio, magnésio, potássio, selênio, manganês, zinco e ferro. Indivíduos do GC relataram ainda aumento do consumo de fósforo; e aqueles do GI, redução do consumo de gorduras totais, saturadas e poli-insaturadas; e aumento de monoinsaturadas. Em ambos os grupos, observou-se aumento na prevalência de adequação de nutrientes para prevenção de DCNT, exceto para gorduras trans. A participação na intervenção nutricional mostrou relação inversa com o consumo de energia (RR: 0,979; CI: 0,960; 0,999) e proteínas (RR: 0,978; CI: 0,959; 0,997) da dieta, mas não aumentou a chance de adequação dos demais nutrientes, incluindo aqueles voltados para prevenção de DCNT. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados apontaram para a importância do PAS, um serviço de promoção da saúde do Sistema Único de Saúde, para a promoção da alimentação adequada e saudável, e prevenção das DCNT. A condução de intervenção coletiva de incentivo ao consumo de FH apresentou poucos resultados adicionais, evidenciando a necessidade de se realizar abordagens específicas relativas à classificação NOVA de alimentos visando alcançar melhores resultados.

INTRODUCTION: Consuming fresh, minimally processed foods and culinary preparations (CP), in detriment to ultra-processed foods (UPF), can improve the nutritional profile of the diet and reduce the risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases (NCD). OBJECTIVE: Evaluating the evolution of nutrient and food consumption, according to the NOVA classification, after conducting a collective intervention to encourage the consumption of fruits and vegetables (FV) among users of the Health Academy Program (Programa Academia da Saúde - PAS) in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. METHODS: Three articles were developed with data from a randomized controlled community trial (ECCR), conducted between 2013 and 2015, with a representative sample of the PAS units in Belo Horizonte, with 9 units belonging to the Control Group (CG) and 9 to the Intervention Group (IG). Individuals allocated to the CG participated in the routine activities of the health service (regular practice of physical exercise three times/week) and those in the IG additionally received, for seven months, an intervention to encourage the consumption of FV, based on the Transtheoretical Model and on the dialogical and problematizing pedagogy of Paulo Freire. Article 1: Cross-sectional study carried out with baseline data from the ECCR, which aimed to analyze the consumption of UPF according to sociodemographic factors, and its association with the nutritional profile of the diet. The nutritional profile of the diet was analyzed according to the quintiles of percentage contribution of energy from UPF through association and Linear Regression analyzes regarding total energy consumption, energy density, carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, total fat and fat subgroups: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans, omega 3 and omega 6, vitamins A, B3, B6, B12, folate and C; and the minerals calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium and sodium. In addition, the percentage of inadequate consumption of nutrients recommended for the NCD prevention and the consumption of vitamins were evaluated by Poisson Regression. Article 2: ECCR which aimed to verify the effectiveness of collective intervention to encourage the consumption of FV on food consumption, according to the NOVA classification, among users of health promotion services in the Brazilian Primary Health Care (PHC). The outcomes analyzed were consumption of CP, processed foods (PF) and UPF through association and comparison analysis between CG and IG, and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) analysis. Article 3: ECCR which aimed to verify the effectiveness of a collective intervention to encourage the consumption of FV on the adequacy of nutrient intake for NCD prevention in health promotion service users of the Brazilian PHC. Association, comparison and GEE analyzes were also used between the GI and CG groups. The analyzed nutrients were total energy, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, total fat and fat subgroups: saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, trans, omega 3 and omega 6, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, folate, C, D and E; and the minerals calcium, iron, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, potassium, selenium, sodium and zinc. RESULTS - Article 1: The consumption of UPF contributed with 27.7% of the total energy of the diet. Its higher consumption was associated with higher values of energy intake, energy density, total fat and sodium; and smaller proteins, monounsaturated fats, omega 3 and some vitamins and minerals. The prevalence of inadequacy of nutrients for the NCD prevention ranged between 30% and 100% between the lowest and highest quintile of consumption of UPF. Article 2: After 12 months of follow-up, there was an increase in CP consumption and a reduction in UPF among individuals in the IG and CG; in addition to an increase in PF consumption among individuals in the CG. It was observed that the nutritional intervention contributed to a reduction in AP consumption for individuals allocated to the first quartile (RR: 0.861; CI: 0.749; 0.988) and an increase for those allocated to the second quartile of AP consumption (RR: 1,145; CI: 1,041; 1,259). A relationship was also observed between participation in the nutritional intervention and increased consumption of UPF for individuals in the third quartile of AUP consumption (RR: 1.062; CI: 1.005; 1.122). Article 3: Participants in the CG and IG groups, after 12 months, showed a reduction in the consumption of energy, omega 6 and sodium; and increased carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins A, B1, B2, B3, B6, B12, C, D and E, folate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, manganese, zinc and iron. Individuals from the CG showed an increase in phosphorus consumption; and those of the IG, reduction in the consumption of total, saturated and polyunsaturated fats; and increased monounsaturated. In both groups, there was an increase in the prevalence of nutrient adequacy for the NCD prevention, except for trans fats. Participation in nutritional intervention showed an inverse relationship with dietary energy (RR: 0,979; CI:0,960; 0,999) and protein intake (RR: 0,978; CI: 0,959; 0,997), but did not increase the chance of adequacy of nutrient intake for NCD prevention. CONCLUSION: The results pointed to the importance of the PAS, a health promotion service of the Unified Health System, for the promotion of adequate and healthy food, and NCD prevention. The conduction of collective intervention to encourage the consumption of FV showed few additional results, highlighting the need to carry out specific approaches related to the NOVA classification of foods in order to achieve better results.

Historical review on the type locality of Knodus victoriae (Steindachner 1907) (Teleostei: Characidae) and Loricaria parnahybae Steindachner 1907 (Teleostei: Loricariidae) / Revisão histórica sobre a localidade tipo de Knodus victoriae (Steindachner 1907) (Teleostei: Characidae) e Loricaria parnahybae Steindachner 1907 (Teleostei: Loricariidae)

Abstract: Based on the information and evidence on the zoological expedition led by the senior Austrian zoologist Franz Steindachner in 1903, the examination of original species descriptions using material collected in this expedition, the scientific literature on this expedition, examination of specimens of Knodus victoriae, and the consultation of State decrees modifying the name of localities and municipalities, we propose herein updated and accurate type localities for Knodus victoriae and Loricaria parnahybae. The accurate type locality for both species is at the mouth of a stream that flows into the Parnaiba River, Alto Parnaíba municipality in the State of Maranhão, upper Parnaiba River basin, northeastern Brazil. This update in the type locality aims to avoid doubts and confusion that hinder biogeographic and taxonomic studies.

Resumo: Com base em informações e evidências da expedição zoológica liderada pelo zoólogo sênior austríaco Franz Steindachner em 1903, exame das descrições originais das espécies que utilizaram material coletado nessa expedição, literatura científica sobre essa expedição, exame de exemplares de Knodus victoriae, e consulta a decretos estaduais que modificaram o nome de localidades e municípios, nós propomos a atualização com acurácia das localidades tipos de Knodus victoriae e Loricaria parnahybae. A localidade tipo acurada para ambas as espécies é na foz de um riacho que desagua no rio Parnaíba, no município de Alto Parnaíba no Estado do Maranhão, bacia do alto rio Parnaíba, nordeste do Brasil. Esta atualização na localidade tipo visa evitar dúvidas e confusões que podem atrapalhar estudos biogeográficos e taxonômicos.

Aplicación de software informáticos en la enseñanza de pregrado de la carrera de medicina / Application of computer software in the undergraduate teaching of the medical career

Introducción: la preparación de los estudiantes de medicina es una de las principales preocupaciones de las autoridades docentes de las universidades médicas de cualquier país, el panorama médico actual contiene una serie de enfermedades, reacciones cruzadas y demás circunstancias que exigen una elevada preparación para hacer frente a los retos diagnósticos y terapéuticos del mundo contemporáneo. Ante esta situación, el diseño y aplicación de software informáticos representa una solución acertada a esta panorámica. Objetivo: dar a conocer los aciertos de la aplicación de nuevos softwares informáticos en la preparación de pregrado de los estudiantes de medicina. Método: se realizó una revisión de artículos relacionados con la problemática de estudio en distintas bases de datos. La búsqueda se realizó en sitios como Scopus, Latindex, Redalyc, ICE Web of Ciencie y Lilacs. Se utilizaron descriptores en inglés, español y portugués. Se identificaron un total de 79 artículos relacionados con la temática. Después de realizar el análisis de la información, y teniendo en cuenta la actualidad menor de 5 años, se obtuvo la información de un total de 47 artículos. La revista de Educación Médica Superior (47.52 por ciento) y la Revista Cubana de Reumatología (28.31 por ciento) fueron las que mayor representación presentaron. Conclusiones: la aplicación de software informáticos, mediante la implementación de laboratorios de simulación, constituye una alternativa viable y factible que incrementa el nivel de preparación de los estudiantes de pregrado de la carrera de medicina(AU)

Introduction: the preparation of medical students is one of the main concerns of the teaching authorities of the medical universities of any country, the current medical panorama contains a series of diseases, cross reactions and other circumstances that require a high preparation to face to the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of the contemporary world. Given this situation, the design and application of computer software represents an appropriate solution to this panorama. Objective: to present the successes of the application of new computer software in the undergraduate preparation of medical students. Method: a review was made of articles related to the study problem in different databases. The search was carried out in sites such as Scopus, Latindex, Redalyc, ICE Web of Science and Lilacs. Descriptors were used in English, Spanish and Portuguese. A total of 79 articles related to the subject were identified. After carrying out the analysis of the information, and taking into account the actuality of less than 5 years, the information was obtained from a total of 47 articles. The Journal of Higher Medical Education (47.52 percent) and the Cuban Journal of Rheumatology (28.31 percent)) were the ones that presented the greatest representation. Conclusions: the application of computer software, through the implementation of simulation laboratories, constitutes a viable and feasible alternative that increases the level of preparation of the undergraduate students of the medical career(AU)

At 100 years of Gaceta Médica de México resumption

Gaceta Médica de México, official journal of the National Academy of Medicine of Mexico, began its circulation on September 15, 1864, and continues to be positioned as the oldest medical periodical publication. However, its publication was temporarily interrupted. The present study analyzes the interruption suffered by Gaceta in 1916, its resumption in 1919, and the causes that originated that discontinuity. The consequences of the so-called Mexican revolution and the enthusiasm and commitment of the academy and its editors to continue working for the progress of national medicine are discussed.

Perception of Dental Students towards Infant Oral Health Care and Early Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries can lead to a higher risk of new carious lesions in both primary and permanent dentition, hospitalizations, increased treatment expenditure, risk for delayed physical growth and development, loss of school days with restricted activity, diminished oral health related quality of life and psychological distress to parents. Infant oral health is one of the foundations on which dental care and preventive education must be built to allow a lifetime opportunity free from preventable oral diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the baseline knowledge and attitude of undergraduate dental students regarding early childhood caries and infant oral health and to propose ways to improve the undergraduate dental curriculum particularly in the prevention of Infant Oral Health diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among third and final year students of Government Dental College and Hospital, Srinagar, India in December 2019. Data was collected using a self-structured questionnaire. The questionnaires were entered into excel worksheet for cleaning and imported into Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for analysis. Results: About eighty five (85 %) of students had a good knowledge about early childhood caries and infant oral health care. Conclusion: There is still a need to improve the knowledge of graduating dental students through effective strategies. They require adequate training in infant oral health care to be included in their curriculum.

An interpretation of the new version of Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern / 中华实验眼科杂志

In November 2017,after a five-year hiatus,the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) published the latest version of Amblyopia Preferred Practice Pattern (PPP).It provides authoritative guidance for the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia based on the best clinical evidence.The new PPP continues the rigorous,comprehensive and refined features of the 2012 edition,and has updated and supplemented in many aspects,such as definition,epidemiology,classification,diagnosis and treatment etc.This article introduces and interprets the main contents and updates of the new edition of the PPP.