Estudio de las heridas por amoladora tratadas en el Hospital de Clínicas y Hospital Pasteur, Montevideo, Uruguay / Grinder injuries treated at the Clínicas and Pasteur Hospital of Montevideo, Uruguay / Estudo das lesões por esmerilhadeira tratadas no Hospital de Clínicas e Hospital Pasteur, Montevidéu, Uruguai

Resumen: Introducción: las heridas causadas por amoladora representan una consulta frecuente al cirujano plástico en nuestro país. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron conocer la epidemiología de los pacientes que consultaban con estas lesiones, conocer las circunstancias del accidente y estudiar si existía relación entre las condiciones de uso de la herramienta y la gravedad de las lesiones. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, donde se recabaron los datos de los pacientes que consultaban por heridas por amoladora en las puertas de emergencia de Hospital Pasteur y Hospital de Clínicas en un período de 6 meses. Resultados: un total de 76 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio, la mayoría de sexo masculino, en edad laboral activa (39 a 58 años) dedicados a la realización de trabajos temporales o tareas de construcción, con bajo nivel de instrucción. El 84% de las heridas fueron graves. El 61% de los pacientes no utilizó los elementos de seguridad de la herramienta al momento del accidente. La mayoría de las lesiones se produjeron fuera del ambiente laboral. Conclusiones: en base a nuestro trabajo pudimos establecer el perfil epidemiológico de la población más susceptible de sufrir estas lesiones. Comprobamos que las heridas producidas por amoladora son en su mayoría graves y requieren procedimientos complejos para su resolución.

Summary: Introduction: grinder injuries represent a large number of consultations for plastic surgeons in our country. This study aims to learn about the epidemiological characteristics of patients who consulted for these lesions and the circumstances of the accidents, and to analyze whether there is a relationship between the conditions for tool use and the severity of lesions. Methodology: we conducted a retrospective, descriptive, transversal study where we collected data from the patients who consulted for grinder injuries at the emergency departments of Pasteur and Clínicas Hospital during a 6-month period. Results: seventy-six patients were included in the study, most of which were male working adults (between 39 and 58 years-old) who had temporary jobs or were performing construction works and had low levels of education. 84% of lesions were severe. 61% of patients did not respect safety regulations at the time of the accident. Most lesions occurred out of working hours. Conclusions: based on our study, we could identify the epidemiological profile of the most vulnerable population for this kind of lesions. We proved that most grinder lesions are severe and their management requires complex procedures.

Resumo: Introdução: as lesões causadas por esmerilhadeira são causa frequente de consulta ao cirurgião plástico no Uruguai. Os objetivos do presente trabalho foram conhecer as características dos pacientes que consultaram com essas lesões, conhecer as circunstâncias do acidente e analisar a possível relação entre as condições de uso da ferramenta e a gravidade das lesões. Metodologia: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, transversal, onde foram coletados dados de pacientes que consultaram por lesões de esmerilhadeira no pronto-socorro do Hospital Pasteur e Hospital de Clínicas durante um período de 6 meses. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 76 pacientes, a maioria do sexo masculino, em idade ativa para trabalhar (39 a 58 anos) dedicados à realização de trabalhos temporários ou trabalhos na construção civil, com baixo nível de escolaridade. 84% dos ferimentos foram graves. 61% dos pacientes não utilizaram os elementos de segurança da ferramenta no momento do acidente. A maioria das lesões ocorreu fora do ambiente de trabalho. Conclusões: com base em nosso trabalho conseguimos estabelecer o perfil da população mais suscetível a esses agravos. Constatamos que a maioria das lesões causadas por esmerilhadeiras são graves, exigindo procedimentos complexos para sua resolução.

An Analysis of Individual and Social Factors Affecting Occupational Accidents

BACKGROUND: Workforce health is one of the primary and most challenging issues, particularly in industrialized countries. This article aims at modeling the major factors affecting accidents in the workplace, including general health, work-family conflict, effortereward imbalance, and internal and external locus of control. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Esfahan Steel Company in Iran. A total of 450 participants were divided into two groups—control and case—and the questionnaires were distributed among them. Data were collected through a 7-part questionnaire. Finally, the results were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 and Amos software. RESULTS: All the studied variables had a significant relationship with the accident proneness. In the case group, general health with a coefficient of −0.37, work-family conflict with 0.10, effort-reward imbalance with 0.10, internal locus of control with −0.07, and external locus of control with 0.40 had a direct effect on occupational stress. Occupational stress also had a positive direct effect on accident proneness with a coefficient of 0.47. In addition, fitness indices of control group showed general health (−0.35), work-family conflict (0.36), effort-reward imbalance (0.13), internal locus of control (−0.15), and external locus of control (0.12) have a direct effect on occupational stress. Besides, occupational stress with a coefficient of 0.09 had a direct effect on accident proneness. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that although previous studies and the present study showed the effect of stress on accident and accident proneness, some hidden and external factors such as workefamily conflict, effortereward imbalance, and external locus of control that affect stress should also be considered. It helps industries face less occupational stress and, consequently, less occurrence rates of accidents.

ANIMAIS PEÇONHENTOS: INVERTEBRADOS AQUÁTICOS / VENOMOUS ANIMALS: AQUATIC INVERTEBRATES / ANIMALES VENENOSOS: INVERTEBRADOS ACUÁTICOS

Os acidentes com animais invertebrados aquáticos constituem um problema de saúde pública pouco discutido, e desta forma, o conhecimento sobre os mesmos deve ser incentivado para direcionar as estratégias de assistência, bem como divulgação com objetivo educativo. Diante da escassez das informações, apesar da frequente ocorrência de casos em um país com grande área litorânea e com ampla malha hídrica de água doce, faz-se necessário a atenção para os acidentes, incluindo, os processos alérgicos/patológicos causados por esponjas de água doce, quase sempre negligenciados, em especial no bioma Amazônico.

Accidents with aquatic invertebrates are a public health problem that is not discussed, but knowledge about them should be encouraged to guide the assistance strategies as well as dissemination for educational purposes. In view of the scarcity of information, despite the frequent occurrence of cases in a country with a large coastal area, and with a large fresh water network, it is necessary to pay attention to accidents, including allergic / pathological processes caused by sponges of Freshwater, almost always neglected especially in the Amazonian biome.

Los accidentes con animales invertebrados acuáticos son un problema de salud pública rara vez se discute, pero el conocimiento sobre ellos deben ser alentados a dirigir las estrategias de asistencia, así como la difusión de un objetivo educativo. Dada la escasez de información, a pesar de la frecuente aparición de casos en un país con una gran zona costera con una amplia malla de agua dulce del agua, es necesario atención a accidentes, incluyendo los procesos alérgicos / patológicos producidos por la esponja de agua dulce, a menudo descuidado especialmente en el bioma amazónico.

FORMIGAS E VESPAS COMO PROBLEMA DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA / ANTS AND WASPS AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM / LAS HORMIGAS Y AVISPAS COMO UN PROBLEMA DE SALUD PÚBLICA

Os acidentes com os himenópteros são poucos incidentes no Brasil e normalmente possuem evolução benigna, no entanto casos graves com evolução para choque anafilático e óbito já foram registrados. Neste contexto torna-se primordial a construção de conhecimentos sobre esse risco de acidentes e gravidades, principalmente no que tange a população, para identificar os riscos e procurar os serviços de saúde precocemente, assim como para os profissionais de saúde, para que estejam preparados para propiciar uma assistência de qualidade. Ainda é primordial a discussão acerca da efetivação das notificações das ocorrências, pois assim os acidentes com vespas e formigas serão registrados promovendo o conhecimento sobre a real dimensão do problema no país.

Accidents with hymenoptera are few incidents in Brazil and usually have benign evolution, however severe cases with evolution to anaphylactic shock and death have already been recorded. In this context, it is essential to build knowledge about this risk of accidents and seriousness, especially with regard to the population to identify the risk and to seek health services early, both for health professionals, so that they are prepared to Quality assistance. It is still essential to discuss the effectiveness of the notifications of the occurrences, as thus the accidents with wasps and ants will be registered, promoting the knowledge about the real dimension of the problem in the country.

Os acidentes com os himenópteros son pocos incidentes no Brasil y normalmente la evolución benigna, no obstante graves casos con la evolución de la anestesia y el óbito ya se registró. Este contexto se convierte en primordial en la construcción de conocimientos sobre el riesgo de las enfermedades y las gravedad, principalmente en la búsqueda de la población para identificar el riesgo y la búsqueda de los servicios de salud precocemente, tanto para los profesionales de la salud, Asistencia de calidad Ainda é primordial una discusión acerca de la efectividad de las notificaciones de las sucesiones, así como los acidentes con las vespas y las formigas.

Behavioral characteristics of accident proneness and its influencing factors among children and juveniles / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To investigate the behavior characteristics of children or juveniles with accident proneness and to explore the influencing factors of children and juveniles accident proneness in behavior.Methods The study was carried out bv case-control method,and 1 601 children and juveniles from a rural area of hunan province were investigated with homemade general injury questionnaire.Accident proneness children or juveniles screened out from cross-sectional studv were selected into research group,while uninjured children or juveniles whose gender,age and grade were the same with the research group were included into control group with 1:1 matched.Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist was used to evaluate and compare these two groups of children and juveniles' behavior.Results 147 accident proneness children and juveniles were screened out from the study and the accident proneness incidence of children and juveniles in rural areas was 9.42％.The total score and each factor score of behavior problem and behavioral problems detection rate iu research group were higher than that of the control group and there were statistically significant (P＜0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that attention problem (OR=1.110,95％ CI =1.041-1.185) and aggressive behavior (OR=1.123,95％ CI =1.068-1.181) were risk factors of accident proneness.Conclusion Accident proneness children and juveniles' behavior is different from the uninjured,which is a risk factors of accident proneness.

Perfurações não detectadas de luvas em procedimentos de urgência / Undetected surgical glove perforation during emergency procedures

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a incidência de perfuração de luvas utilizadas em operações e atendimentos de urgência realizados no Serviço de Emergência do Departamento de Cirurgia da Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, num período de dois meses. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 2613 luvas, sendo 252 em 42 operações e 2361 em atendimentos na Sala de Emergência. As luvas foram testadas pelo método de insuflação com água. RESULTADOS: Houve perfuração em 41 luvas durante o ato operatório (16,3 por cento), sendo que a maior porcentagem ocorreu nas urgências traumáticas (33 por cento). As perfurações decorrentes do atendimento na sala de emergência ocorreram em 7,3 por cento das luvas. CONCLUSÃO: Concluiu-se que o índice de perfuração foi significativo, mais frequente em urgências traumáticas e que, no campo operatório, o cirurgião é o elemento mais vulnerável da equipe.

OBJECTIVE: Gloves are the most important barriers that protect hospital personnel and patients. Unfortunately, glove perforation rates reach up to 78 percent in high risk procedures. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the glove perforation rate in emergency procedures carried out in the Emergency Service of "Santa Casa de São Paulo", School of Medicine. METHODS: The study analyzed all gloves used in the emergency room during a 2 months period. Gloves were tested immediately after the surgical procedure using the approved standardized water leak method. RESULTS: A total of 252 surgical gloves used by residents in 42 surgical procedures and 2361 gloves used in emergency procedures were tested for the presence of punctures by the water insuflation method. Forty one (16.3 percent) of the gloves tested showed at least one puncture, 18 (33 percent) in traumatic emergencies. The overall perforation rate in the emergency room was 7,3 percent. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the incidence of punctures in gloves during surgical procedures was high, and occurred mostly with surgeons.

The Effect of Safety Education on Accident Proneness Prospect in Preschooler / 아동간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preschool children for accident prevention and improve their health through sound, safe living enviornment with safety education estabilished through more systematic method. Data were collected from 300 preschoolers(150 preschooler are assigned to experimental group and 150 preschoolers are assinged to control group) from 4 to 6 years old using APP paper test which consists of questions and drawings. To experimental group, safety education were done 4 times within the time of 30 minutes per 1 time using education books, video, OHP, slide. The findings of this study are as follows: 1.There were significant difference in behavioral character between experimental group and control group( chi 2=11.690, p= 0.003). So, safety education have effect on the behavioral character of preschooler. 2. In the accident proneness on preschooler between experimental group and control group according to general characteristics, it proved significant difference in the case of accident prevention education were done, movement stability( chi 2=8.844, p=0.012) and behavioral character( chi 2=6.699, p=0.035), in the case of housing pattern is mixed-type, behavioral character( chi 2=10.37, p=0.006), in the case of subjects' age is 4 years old, watchfulness( chi 2=9.525, p=0.009), in the case of subjects' age is 5 years old, behavioral character( chi 2=7.324, p=0.026), in the case of children's order is second, behavioral character( chi 2=14.31, p=0.001), in the case of children's sex is boy, living safety( chi 2=7.981, p=0.018), movement speed ( chi 2=6.661, p=0.036), bihavioral character( chi 2=8.837, p=0.012), in the case of children's sex is girl, reasoning power( chi 2 =9.78, p=0.008), in the case of childrens have no past accidental experience, behavioral character( chi 2=9.862, p=0.007), in the case of nuclear family, movement speed( chi 2=6.341, p=0.042) and behavioral character( chi 2=9.326, p=0.009), in the case of mothers' age is under thirty behavioral character( chi 2=16.40, p=0.000), in the case of mothers' school career is under high school graduate, behavioral character( chi 2 =8.375, p=0.015), in the case of mothers' school career is beyond college graduate, reasoning power( chi 2=9.803, p=0.007) and behavioral character( chi 2=6.205, p=0.045), in the case of mothers' job is part time, movement speed( chi 2=10.99, p=0.004), in the case of mothers have no job, movement stability( chi 2=8.490, p=0.014) and behavioral character( chi 2=10.11, p=0.006). The difference of accident proneness between experimental group and control group according to general characterists, it also showed that there were significant difference in behaviorl character compared to other area.. From this findings, we can guess that safety education change and guide preschoolers' behavioral character to desirable direction.

Accident Proneness Prospect in Preschooler / 간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data on preschool children of accident prevention and to improve their health through a sound, safe living environment with safety education established through more systematic methods. Data were collected from 516 preschoolers from 4 to 6 years old using APP paper test which consists of a question and drawing. The children's general characteristics and accident proneness prospect were investigated. The relationship between the children's general characteristics and the accident proneness prospect were analyzed. The findings of the study are as follows: 1. The institution which children attended had a significant difference in accordance with the living safety(p=.015) and behavior character(p=.033). 2. The housing pattern in which children lived had a significant difference in accordance with the movement speed(p=.027). 3. The children's age had a significant difference in accordance with the living safety(p=.002), traffic safety(p=.001), the reasoning power(p=.000), movement speed(p=.00), movement stability(p=.000) and attentional power (p=.000). 4. The children's sex had a significant difference in accordance with the movement stability and behavioral character(p=.003, p=.008). 5. The children's past accidental experience had a significant difference in accordance with the behavior character(p=.001). 6. General assessment of the APP test had a significant difference in accordance with the children's age(p=.000) and children's past accidental experience(p=.020).