ABSTRACT
Oxidative stress is common when the cellular antioxidant capacity is overwhelmed by the reactive oxygen species generated by the metabolism of pesticides which either inhibit or modulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes. The present study was made with objective to evaluate the ameliorating potential of Panax ginseng on oxidative stress following subacute exposure to Acetamiprid in rats. Twenty four adult male Wistar rats were divided in four groups comprising six each. Group I served as control and was administered with groundnut oil (1ml/100gm), group II was administered with Acetamiprid (52.5 mg/kg body weight), group III served as Panax ginseng (50 mg/kg body weight) control and in group IV possible ameliorative effect of Panax ginseng was examined against Acetamiprid. Vehicle, Acetamiprid and Panax ginseng were administered daily to the rats orally by gavage for 28 days and animals were sacrificed at the end. Liver, kidney, spleen and brain were processed for determination of oxidative stress related parameters viz: Lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) levels. Acetamiprid produced toxicity which was evident in the form of enhanced lipid peroxidation and decrease in activities of GSH, SOD, catalase and glutathione reductase levels in all the organs examined. Panax ginseng was significantly effective in restoration of these parameters towards normal. Thus, it was concluded that Panax ginseng has ameliorating potential on oxidative stress following subacute exposure to acetamiprid in rats
ABSTRACT
An efficient method for the analysis of multiclass plant growth regulators and pesticide (imidacloprid, acetamiprid) residues in tea was developed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The samples were extracted with acetonitrile/formic acid (99∶1, V/V) solution, cleaned up with four sorbents including C18, strong anion exchanger (SAX), primary secondary amine (PSA) and anhydrous MgSO4. The compounds were separated on a HSS T3 column under positive/negative electrospray ionization mode, detected by scheduled multiple reaction monitoring (SMRM), and quantified by matrix-matched external standard curves. All pesticide residues showed good linearity in the concentration range of 1-200 μg/L (6-benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, uniconazole, forchlorfenuron, mepiquat chloride, imidacloprid, acetamiprid) or 5-1000 μg/L (2,4-dichlor-ophenoxyacetic acid, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid) , with correlation coefficient (R2≥0.99). Limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) and limits of quantitation (LOQ, S/N=10) were 0.18-9.68 μg/kg and 0.61-32.26 μg/kg, respectively. In addition, the spiked recoveries of tea samples were 73.1％-108.9％, and RSDs were 0.6％-8.0％. This method was applied to commercial samples, and all the detections were confirmed by acquiring transitions for each pesticide in the samples.
ABSTRACT
The rosewood tree (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) is known for its linalool which provides a strong, fragrant smell in all parts of the plant. Due to its exploitation in the Amazon for its linalool in the use of perfumes, the rosewood is in danger of extinction. Its irregular fruiting increases the difficulty in obtaining seeds for producing seedlings and, in addition, part of its production is lost due to pests attacking the seeds. Due to these factors, the object of this study was to achieve the application of insecticides on seeds and seedlings in nursery to avoid or minimize the attack of pests, thus improving seedling production. 300 seeds were used, distributed into 2 treatments and 1 witness. Each treatment (n = 100) was set for 4 repetitions (trays) with 25 seeds. The insecticide used was acetamiprid and fipronil in concentrations of 0.09 mg / plant and 0.18 mg / plant, respectively for treatment 1 (T1) and the treatment 2 (T2), distributed in the form of "sachês". The T1 received the application from 1 "sachê" and T2 the implementation of two "sachês", buried with washed sand in seaders. The results were evaluated by analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using the Systat 9 program and the averages compared by the Tukey test at 5% of significance. The rates of germination were: witness with 62%; T1 with 73% and T2 with 79%. There was an attack of insects only in the witness treatment with 23% of the total (n = 300), and the results were statistically significant (F = 31.263 p 0.001). There were significant differences only between the height of the seedlings in treatments T1 and T2 and witness treatment (F = 15.090 p 0.001).The main pest identified was Heilipus odoratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). We, therefore, recommended the concentration of 0.09 mg of acetamiprid and fipronil distributed in "sachês" in sowing and transplanted to reduce the attack of pests in seeds and seedlings of rosewood in nurseries.
O pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora) é conhecido pela presença do álcool linalol, que fornece um odor forte e perfumado em todas as partes da planta. A sua exploração na Amazônia ao longo dos últimos anos, para utilização do linalol como fixador de perfumes, coloca o pau-rosa em risco de extinção, a sua frutificação irregular aumenta a dificuldade em se obter sementes para a produção de mudas e, além disso, parte de sua produção é perdida face ao ataque de pragas nas sementes. Em razão desses fatores o presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar a aplicação de inseticidas nas sementes e mudas em viveiro a fim de evitar ou minimizar o ataque de pragas, aumentando, assim, a produção de mudas. Utilizou-se um total de 300 sementes, distribuídas em 2 tratamentos e 1 testemunha. Cada tratamento (n = 100) foi constituído por 4 repetições (bandejas) com 25 sementes. O inseticida utilizado nos tratamentos foi acetamiprid e fipronil nas concentrações de 0,09 mg/planta e 0,18 mg/planta, respectivamente, para o tratamento 1 (T1) e o tratamento 2 (T2), distribuídos na forma de sachês. O T1 recebeu a aplicação de 1 sachê e o T2 a aplicação de dois sachês, enterrados com areia lavada nas sementeiras. Para avaliar os resultados foi feita uma análise de Variância (ANOVA), usando o programa Systat 9 e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey em nível de 5%. As taxas de germinação foram: testemunha com 62%; T1 com 73% e T2 com 79%. Houve ataque de insetos em sementes apenas na testemunha com 23% do total (n = 100) e os resultados foram estatisticamente significativos (F = 31,263; p 0,001). Houve diferenças significativas apenas entre a altura das plântulas nos tratamentos T1 e T2 e a testemunha (F = 15,090; p 0,001). A principal praga identificada atacando as sementes foi Heilipus odoratus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Recomenda-se, portanto, a concentração de 0,09 mg de acetamiprid e fipronil distribuídos em sachês nas sementeiras e no transplantio para diminuir o ataque de pragas em sementes e mudas de pau-rosa em viveiros.