ABSTRACT
This study investigated the antibacterial potential of Euphorbia hirtawhole plant extracts, honey and conventional antibiotics and their synergistic effects against selected multidrug resistant and typed bacterial strains associated with otitis media. E. hirtawhole plant extract was purified using column chromatography technique. The antibacterial assays of extracts were done using standard microbiological procedures. Protein, sodium and potassium ion leakage of the synergistic mixtures was determined using flame-photometry. At 100 mg/ml, acetone extracts presented highest inhibition against S. aureus (NCTC 6571) with 32 ± 0.83 mm zone of inhibition. The fractional inhibitory concentration indices displayed higher synergism in combination of plant extract, honey and ciprofloxacin against P. mirabilisat 0.02 compared to drug combination synergy standard (≤ 0.5). This work revealed augmentation of ciprofloxacin potency when combined with purified E. hirta acetone extract and honey and implies their high potential in the treatment of multidrug resistant infectionof otitis media.
Este estudio investigó el potencial antibacteriano de extractos de plantas enteras de Euphorbia hirta, miel y antibióticos convencionales y sus efectos sinérgicos contra cepas bacterianas seleccionadas multirresistentes y tipificadas asociadas con la otitis media. El extracto de la planta entera de E. hirtase purificó usando la técnica de cromatografía en columna. Los ensayos antibacterianos de extractos se realizaron utilizando procedimientos microbiológicos estándar. La fuga de iones de proteínas, sodio y potasio de las mezclas sinérgicas se determinó mediante fotometría de llama. A 100 mg/ml, los extractos de acetona presentaron la mayor inhibición contra S. aureus (NCTC 6571) con una zona de inhibición de 32 ± 0,83 mm. Los índices de concentración inhibitoria fraccional mostraron un mayor sinergismo en combinación de extracto de planta, miel y ciprofloxacina contra P. mirabilisa 0,02 en comparación con el estándar de sinergia de combinación de fármacos (≤ 0,5). Este trabajo reveló un aumento de la potencia de la ciprofloxacina cuando se combina con extracto de acetona purificado de E. hirtay miel e implica sualto potencial en el tratamiento de infecciones de otitis media resistentes a múltiples fármacos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Otitis Media/drug therapy , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Euphorbia/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Proteus mirabilis/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Terpenes/analysis , Flavonoids/analysis , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Ciprofloxacin/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Flame Emission Photometry , Chromatography, Thin Layer , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Drug Synergism , Glycosides/analysis , Honey , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE：To establish the fingerprint of ethanol extract and acetone extract from Anemarrhena asphodeloides and its different processed products ，and to investigate the spectrum-effect relationship between the fingerprint and the antioxidant activity. METHODS ：HPLC method and HPLC-ELSD method were adopted. The determination was performed on Thermo BDS Hypersil C 18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2％ acetic acid at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃，and the detection wavelength was set at 258 nm. The sample size was 10 μL. The determination was performed on XDB-C 18 columnwith mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1％ acetic acid （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃ . The temperature of atomizer was 40 ℃ and the flow rare of N 2 was 1.6 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL. Using mangiferin and timosaponin B Ⅱ as reference ，Fingerprint Similarity Eva- com luation System of TCM Chromatogram （2004A edition ）was adopted to draw the fingerprint of ethanol extract and acetoneextract from 20 batches of A. asphodeloides and its different processed products to confirm common peaks. Using scave nging rate of 1，1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine（DPPH）radical as index，antioxidant activities of ethanol extract and acetone extract from 20 batches of A. asphodeloides and its processed products were investigated. Using scavenging rate of DPPH radical as dependent variable ，common peak area as independent variable ，PLSR was used to analyze the spectrum-effect relationship of ethanol extract and acetone extract from A. asphodeloides with antioxidantion activity. RESULTS ：Eight peaks （M1-M8）were identified in the fingerprints of ethanol extracts from 20 batches of processed A. asphodeloides . Mangiferin （chromatogram peak M 7）was identified with similarity of 0.389-1.000；seven comon peaks （S1-S7）and timosaponin B Ⅱ（peak S 5）were identified in the fingerprint of acetone extract ，and the similarity was 0.044-0.999. DPPH radical scavenging rate of ethanol extract from 20 batches of A. asphodeloides and its processed products was 21.23％- 81.39％，and A. asphodeloides was significantly lower than salt-processed A. asphodeloides with salt wine-processed A. asphodeloides （P＜0.001）；and that of acetone extract was 49.73％-83.78％，and A. asphodeloides was significantly higher than stir-baked A. asphodeloides with salt ，wine or fire （P＜0.001）. The standardized regression coefficients of peaks M 2-M7 in the spectrum of ethanol extract from A. asphodeloides were all greater than 0，which was positively correlated with antioxidant activity. Only the variable importance projection （VIP）value of peak M 7 was greater than 1，which had an important contribution. The standardized regression coefficients of peaks S 4-S7 in the acetone extract spectrum of A. asphodeloides were greater than 0，and were positively correlated with antioxidant activity. The order of VIP values was peak S 5＞S6＞S4，and the VIP values were all greater than 1. CONCLUSIONS：The fingerprint of the different processed products A. asphodeloides and its antioxidant activity spectral effect relationship were successfully established ；mangiferin（peak M 7）may be the main antioxidant substance of ethanol extract from A. asphodeloides . Timosaponin B Ⅱ（peak S 5），peak S 6 and peak S 4 may be the main antioxidant substance in acetone extract from A. asphodeloides .
ABSTRACT
The seeds of Benincasa hispida commonly known as ash gourd belonging to Cucurbitaceae family is employed as a main ingredient in kusmanda lehyam in Ayurvedic system of medicine. The seeds of Benincasa hispida mashed with milk or the various preparations from the pulp of fruit in the form of sweetmeats, like Kusmanda paka and petha are commonly used as a general tonic, aphrodisiac, rejuvenative and also a brain tonic. The plant of Benincasa hispida was collected from (Central Council for Research in Ayurveda & Siddha, Dept. of ayush, Ministry of Health & F.W, Govt. of India New Delhi) Govt. Central Pharmacy Annex, Ashoka Pillar, Jayanagar Bangalore. The extracts were subjected to Antioxidant activity by In hydrogen peroxide-scavenging model, model acetone extract showed scavenging (80.1%) of hydrogen peroxide and chloroform extract showed ( 79%) in comparison with ascorbic acid ( 94.5% ). Antioxidant activity was carried out for extract (acetone, chloroform, and aqueous extracts) with Hydrogen peroxide-scavenging model. Acetonic extract showed more scavenging (80.1%) of Benincasa hispida and least scavenging was done by aqueous extract of (43%). After comparison with the standard drug (Ascorbic acid) showed (94.5%). From this it was conclused that acetone extract of Benincasa hispida showed high scavenging activity. Conclusively, the result revealed that Benincasa hispida seeds has antimicrobial activity & antioxidant activity which may be due to the presence of alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids constituents present in the sample.
ABSTRACT
Objective: Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Manilkara zapota L. (chiku) leaves was studied. Methods: The antioxidant property of different solvent extracts of Manilkara zapota L. leaves was evaluated by DPPH free radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and reducing capacity assessment, while the antimicrobial property was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against some of the tested food borne, spoilage, pathogenic and skin disease causing microorganisms. Results: The DPPH free radical scavenging activity of acetone extract was better than that of standard ascorbic acid and superoxide anion scavenging activity of acetone extract was better than that of standard gallic acid. It showed good reducing capacity assessment also. Maximum phenol content was also present in acetone extract thus supporting the idea that phenolic content and antioxidant activity show a direct correlation. Acetone extract showed significant antimicrobial activity amongst all the different solvent extracts. Conclusion:Result presented here suggest that acetone extract of M. zapota leaves possess strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and it may be considered as an interesting and economic source of antioxidants and antimicrobics for therapeutic or nutraceutical industries and for food manufactures or pharmaceuticals.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the vasodilating effect of the acetone- extract (AE) from Cortex Mori (CM) and its vasodilating mechanism. Methods Guinea pig models with contraction of mesentery blood capillary induced by noradrenalin were used to study the in- vivo vasodilating effects of AE from CM. In- vitro effect of AE from CM on rat thoracic aortic ring was observed. The contents of nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), constitutive NOS(cNOS) and inducible (iNOS) in plasma and aortic tissue were determined by method of nitroreductase chromatometry. Results AE from CM had vasodilating effect on the contracti on of mesentery blood capillary in guinea pigs and the contraction of rat thoracic aortic ring induced by 10? mol/L phenylephrine, even under the condition of pre- treating with glibenclamide (1 ? mol/L) or propranolol (3 ? mol/L). When the endothelium of the rat thoracic aortic ring was removed, AE from CM had not vasodilating effect but constrictive effect. AE from CM could also increase the contents of NO, NOS and cNOS in the aortic tissue and had no obvious effect on the NO content in plasma and iNOS in aortic tissue of rats. Conclusion The vasodilating mechanism of AE from CM may be related to promoting the release of NO from endothelium of blood vessel and synthesis of NOS and cNOS in aortic tissue.
ABSTRACT
Immunoenhancement activity of bee pollen and its acetone extract was studied in normal, sarcoma-180 bearing, cyclophosphamide- and antilymphocyte serum-treated mice.Bee pollen and its acetone extract given orally for 30 days could significantly increase the production of serum anti-SRBC hemolysin (HC50) and the number of spleen plaque forming cells (PFC) in primary response to sheep red blood cell (SRBC) in young and adult mice. The acetone extract of bee pollen could significantly prevent the decrease of HC50) the number of PFC and specific rosette forming cells (SRFC), and the quantitative hemolysin of spleen cells (QHS) against SRBC in S-180 bearing, cyclophosphamide- and antilymphocyte serum-treated mice respectively.These results suggested that bee pollen of Brassica campestris L. and its acetone extract have immune-enhancement activity.