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Introducción: La teoría de metas de logro en el deporte intenta explicar la motivación del individuo a partir de conocer qué valor y expectativas les otorga a las actividades deportivas que realiza y las metas que se propone, para definirlas o sentirse exitoso en las mismas, partiendo del supuesto de que el deporte es un contexto de logro y es por esto que los individuos se esforzaran para demostrar competencia y habilidad. El Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire es uno de los instrumentos de medición más utilizados para abordar esta teoría. Sin embargo, no existen estudios locales que permitan medir el constructo en deportistas argentinos adultos. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue realizar la adaptación lingüística, conceptual y métrica del TEOSQ en deportistas adultos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Método: El estudio fue instrumental, con un muestreo intencional no probabilístico, se realizó la adaptación del instrumento del inglés al español, luego un juicio de expertos, seguido por un análisis factorial confirmatorio para luego indagar coeficientes de confiabilidad y brindar valores normativos. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta por 258 deportistas argentinos (63,36% mujeres; 36,4% varones) de las disciplinas, básquetbol, voleibol, futbol de salón, hockey sobre césped y fútbol (edad media=24,41, DE= 6,55). Los resultados obtenidos indican un ajuste aceptable para el modelo de dos factores evidenciado en la literatura habiendo descartado los ítems 5 y 13 por presentar una baja carga factorial (<.30). Se aporta a su vez coeficientes de consistencia interna adecuados (α =.77 y de ω =.85 para orientación al ego; y α =.82 y ω =.86 para orientación a la tarea), y se brindan valores normativos. Conclusión: Este estudio aporta evidencias de validez y confiabilidad para la versión adaptada del TEOSQ en deportistas argentinos.
Background: The theory of achievement goals in sport tries to explain the motivation of the individual from knowing what value and expectations he gives to the sporting activities he performs and the goals that he proposes, to define them or feel successful in them, starting from the assumption that sport is a context of achievement and that is why individuals will strive to demonstrate competence and ability. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire is one of the most widely used measurement instruments to address this theory. However, there are no local studies that allow measuring the construct in adult Argentine athletes. For this reason, the objective of this study was to carry out the linguistic, conceptual, and metric adaptation of the TEOSQ in adult athletes from the Province of Buenos Aires. Methods: The study was instrumental, with an intentional non-probabilistic sampling, the adaptation of the instrument from English to Spanish was carried out, then an expert judgment, followed by confirmatory factor analysis to then investigate reliability coefficients and provide normative values. Results: The sample consisted of 258 Argentine athletes (63.36% women; 36.4% men) from the disciplines, basketball, volleyball, indoor soccer, field hockey, and soccer (Mean age = 24.41, SD = 6.55). The results obtained indicate an acceptable fit for the two-factor model evidenced in the literature, having discarded items 5 and 13 for presenting a low factor load (<.30). In turn, adequate internal consistency coefficients are provided (α =.77 and ω =.85 for ego orientation; and α =.82 and ω =.86 for task orientation), and normative values are provided. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of validity and reliability for the adapted version of the TEOSQ in Argentine athletes.
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Resumen Esta investigación aborda dos objetivos: a) examinar la validez de constructo del Cuestionario de Clima Motivacional 3x2 en Educación Física, y b) estudiar las relaciones entre las seis estructuras de clima motivacional y variables consecuentes. En el estudio 1 participaron 192 estudiantes de secundaria (M = 15.57 años). El Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio apoyó el modelo hipotético que, comparado con 10 modelos alternativos, produjo el mejor ajuste a los datos. En el estudio 2 se reexaminó el modelo con estudiantes más jóvenes (N = 299; M = 13.14 años), y se realizaron análisis de regresión para explorar los tipos de clima motivacional como predictores de variables dependientes. Se produjeron evidencias de patrones predictivos diferenciales entre las estructuras de clima basadas en la tarea y el yo.
Abstract This research had two goals: a) examine the construct validity of the 3x2 Motivational Climate Questionnaire for Physical Education, and b) assess the relations among the six structures of motivational climate and relevant consequences. In study 1, 192 secondary students participated (M = 15.57 years). Confirmatory factorial analysis strongly supported the theoretical model. Internal consistency and validity were also satisfactory. The hypothesized model was compared with other 10 alternative models, but the first one showed the best fit to the data. In study 2, the model was re-examined with younger secondary educations students (N = 299; 145 men and 154 women; M = 13.14 years). Multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore the different types of motivational climates as predictors of several variables.
Subject(s)
Physical Education and Training , Psychometrics/educationABSTRACT
This study was conducted to analyze the relationships hypothesized by the Achievement Goal Theory in predicting adherence to exercise. The study participants were 405 individuals exercising in fitness centers with a mean age of 35 years (SD = 17) and 183 individuals exercising with personal trainers with a mean age of 43 years (SD = 16), that answered the Portuguese versions of the Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure and Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire. The hypothesized structural equation model showed that the mastery motivational climate had a positive impact on task orientation goals, which in turn had a positive impact on exercise adherence. However, performance motivational climate had a positive impact on ego orientation goals, which in turn had a negative impact on exercise adherence...
"Clima motivacional, orientação para a meta e exercício adesão em academias de ginástica e contextos de formação pessoal." Este estudo analisou as relações hipotetizadas pela Teoria dos Objetivos de Realização na predição da adesão ao exercício. Participaram neste estudo 405 praticantes de academia (240 femininos, 165 masculinos), com uma média de idades de 35 anos (DP = 17) e 183 de personal training (142 femininos, 41 masculinos), com uma média de idades de 43 anos (DP = 16), que responderam às versões Portuguesas do Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure e Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire. O modelo de equações estruturais demonstra que o clima motivacional para a mestria teve um impacto positivo sobre a orientação dos objetivos para a tarefa, que por sua vez teve um impacto positivo sobre a adesão ao exercício. Por outro lado, o clima motivacional para a performance teve um impacto positivo sobre a orientação dos objetivos para o ego, que por sua vez teve um impacto negativo sobre a adesão ao exercício...
"Clima motivacional, la orientación de meta y la adherencia al ejercicio en gimnasios y contextos de entrenamiento personal." Este estudio analizó las relaciones hipotetizadas por la Teoría de los Objetivos de Realización en la predicción de la adhesión al ejercicio. En este estudio participaron 405 practicantes de academia (240 femeninos, 165 masculinos), con una edad media de 35 años (DP = 17) y 183 de personal training (142 femeninos, 41 masculinos), con una edad media de 43 años (DP = 16), que respondieron a las versiones portuguesas de Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure y Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Questionnaire. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales demuestra que el clima motivacional para la maestría tuvo un impacto positivo sobre la orientación de los objetivos para la tarea que, a su vez, tuvo un impacto positivo sobre la adhesión al ejercicio. Por otro lado, el clima motivacional para la performance tuvo un impacto positivo sobre la orientación de los objetivos para el ego que, a su vez, tuvo un impacto negativo sobre la adhesión al ejercicio....
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Exercise , Fitness Centers , MotivationABSTRACT
El propósito de este trabajo fue validar al contexto español el Cuestionario del Clima Motivacional Iniciado por los Padres-2 (PIMCQ-2). Para ello, se utilizó una muestra de 108 jugadores de tenis, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 17 años. Se analizaron sus propiedades psicométricas realizando un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis factorial confirmatorio y un análisis de la consistencia interna a través del alfa de Cronbach. Además, se examinó la validez convergente analizando las correlaciones entre el clima motivacional iniciado por padres y madres, y el clima motivacional del entrenador. Los resultados reflejaron la necesidad de eliminar seis ítems del instrumento original para obtener unos índices de ajuste aceptables en el análisis factorial confirmatorio, aunque se mantuvo la misma estructura factorial. Se obtuvieron valores de consistencia interna aceptables para los tres factores. Además, se hallaron evidencias externas de validez, puesto que las dimensiones del clima motivacional de padres y madres se relacionaron con las dimensiones del clima motivacional del entrenador. En conclusión, el estudio demostró de forma preliminar que la versión española del PIMCQ-2 revelaba unas adecuadas propiedades psicométricas.
The purpose of this study was to validate the Parent-Initiated Motivational Climate Questionnaire-2 (PIMCQ-2) in the Spanish context. To achieve this goal, a sample of 108 tennis players aged between 12 and 17 was used. The psychometric properties of the PIMCQ-2 were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and an analysis of the internal consistency through Cronbach alpha. Convergent validity was also examined analyzing the correlations among parent-initiated motivational climate and coach motivational climate. The results showed the necessity to eliminate six items from the original instrument to obtain acceptable fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis, although the factor structure remained unchanged. Acceptable values of internal consistency were obtained for the three factors. There was also external evidence of validity, since the dimensions of parent-initiated motivational climate were related to the dimensions of coach motivational climate. In conclusion, this preliminary study showed that the Spanish version of the PIMCQ-2 revealed appropriate psychometric properties.
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Objective To examine the reliability and validity of Chinese version of the achievement goal questionnaire(AGQ).Methods The English version of the AGQ was translated into Chinese which was then translated into English again to verify that the Chinese version was the same constructs as the original version.Stratified chester sampling method was used for 1115 university students.Additionally,internal consistency,test-retest and confirmatory factor analyses were analyzed.Results (1) All of the NFI (0.941),CFI (0.953),TLI (0.924),x2/df (2.386),REMEA (0.046) met the criteria standards for adequacy of fit.The factors loadings ranged from 0.47 to 0.93 ; the squared multiple correlations were 0.22-0.86.(2) The invariance of the AGQ across gender was supported.(3)The Cronbach's α coefficient of the AGQ was 0.83;the test-reliability coefficient was 0.77 ;the mean interitem correlation coefficients ranged from 0.40 to 0.57.(4) The correlation coefficients of the four factors with the total scale score ranged from 0.54 to 0.77,and the correlation coefficients among the four factors ranged from 0.06 to 0.61.Performance approach and master approach goal was significantly positive correlations with self-esteem.Performance avoidance and mastery avoidance goal was significantly negative correlations with self-esteem,but positively with anxiety.Master approach goal was significantly negative correlations with anxiety.Conclusion The Chinese version of the AGQ is a reliable and valid method for assessing achievement goal in Chinese-speaking sample.
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Este trabajo tiene como marco conceptual la teoría de metas de logro y la teoría de las atribuciones causales. El objetivo es encontrar relaciones entre las orientaciones, los climas motivacionales y las atribuciones realizadas ante el rendimiento, así como diferenciar perfiles atribucionales entre los deportistas. La muestra del trabajo estuvo formada por 528 deportistas adolescentes de género masculino, con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 18 años. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan la existencia de dos perfiles atribucionales: uno adaptativo y otro desadaptativo. Asimismo, se encuentran relaciones positivas entre las atribuciones más adecuadas y la orientación y el clima tarea, siendo estas relaciones negativas en el constructo ego. Estos resultados son discutidos y se extraen conclusiones para hacer la práctica deportiva más adecuada.
This work is based on the Achievement Goal Theory and the Theory of Causal Attribution. The aim of the study is to find relationships between orientations and motivational climates regarding attributions to cope with the sport performance, as well as distinguish attribution profiles among participants. The sample is formed by 528 male athletes, with ages ranging from 13 to 18 years old. Results showed two attribution profiles, the first one as adaptative and the other as maladaptative. Furthermore, there are positive relationships between the most suitable attributions with respect to task orientation and climate, while a negative relationship has been found regarding ego orientation and climate. These outcomes are discussed and interesting conclusions are pointed out to get a more suitable sport practice.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy across grade levels; to verify correlations among achievement goal orientation, self-efficacy, course interests and academic achievement (GPA); and to examine predictions of achievement goal orientation and self-efficacy on course interests and academic achievement (GPA) across grade levels. METHODS: Participants were 347 medical students with the breakdown being premedical students (n=104, 30.0%), first-year medical students (n=130, 37.5%), and third-year medical students (n=113, 32.5%). The scales of 3 achievement goal orientations (performance approach, performance avoidance, and mastery), academic self-efficacy, and course interests were used in the study. The final grade was used as the academic achievement (GPA). We conducted a one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to resolve the research questions. RESULTS: Premedical students revealed higher performance approach and higher self-efficacy than medical students. First-year medical students had higher mastery goal. Third-year medical students showed higher performance avoidance and lower mastery goal than the first-year medical students and premedical students. Course interests correlated positively with performance approach, mastery goal, and self-efficacy regardless of grade level. Academic achievement correlated positively with performance approach, mastery goal and self-efficacy in premedical students and performance approach and mastery goal in first-year medical students. Performance approach and self-efficacy showed positive correlations with academic achievement in third-year medical students. For course interests, mastery goal and performance approach were the best predictors; and for academic achievement, performance approach was the best predictor in all participants. Mastery goal in premedical students and self-efficacy in third-year medical students significantly predicted academic achievement. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that, to enhance course interests and academic achievement, it is desirable to consider individual characteristics such as academic goal orientation and level of self-efficacy when designing the learning environment.