A Histopathological Study of Cisplatin-induced Acute Vascular Injuries in Vital Organs and Protective Effect of Achillea millefolium

The aim was to study the protective effect of ethanolic extract of Achillea millefoliumon acute vascular injuries induced by cisplatin in liver, heart and renal tissues 24 hour after administration and using histopathological surveys in wistar rats. 24 adult male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group I (control group) received physiological saline for 10 days. Animals of group II had single dose of injection of CP (cisplatin) (6mg/kg, IP) on the ninth day. Group III received Achillea millefoliumextract (250mg/kg, gavage) for 10 consecutive days. Group IV had both Achillea millefoliumextract (250mg/kg, gavage) for 10 consecutive days and a single dose of injection of CP (6mg/kg, IP) on the ninth day. Kidney, liver and heart organs were collected on 10thday from sacrificed rats and subjected to histopathological analysis. Then the possible histopathological vascular effects of cisplatin on liver, heart, kidney tissues and the protective effect of Achillea millefoliumextract was analysed. Obtained data showed the vascular injuries in CP group as congestion of cardiac capillaries (p=0.00) and interstitial edema (p=0.03). In the kidney, shrinkage of glomeruli (p=0.04), widening of Bowman's space (p=0.04), dilatation of cortical capillaries (p=0.01) were significantly altered. The findings of liver organ were increased sinusoidal space (p=0.00) and infiltration of neutrophils in portal space (p=0.01). Pretreatment with ethanolic extract of Achillea millefoliumcould attenuate these vascular injuries. Briefly, 24 hour after single injection of cisplatin the inflammatory process was seen in vital organs and administration of Achillea millefoliumcould mitigate these side effects

N-alkylamide profiling of Achillea ptarmica and Achillea millefolium extracts by liquid and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry / 药物分析学报

Achillea millefolium and Achillea ptarmica are both plants belonging to the Asteracea family and are traditionally used for their medicinal properties. It has already been shown that some N-alkylamides (NAAs) are responsible for these pharmacological actions. Therefore, in the present study, the NAA content of the two plants was analytically characterised. Different extracts were prepared from the roots, the leaves, the stems and the flowers. The structures of NAAs have been assigned in ethanolic extracts of Achillea millefolium and Achillea ptarmica using high performance liquid chromatography – electrospray ionisation – mass spectro-metry (HPLC–ESI–MS) and gas chromatography–electron impact–mass spectrometry (GC–EI–MS). Using both analytical techniques, the structures of 14 and 15 NAAs have been assigned in Achillea ptarmica and Achillea millefolium, respectively. Structures of two new NAAs, previously never observed in Achillea ptarmica, were assigned: deca-2E,6Z,8E-trienoic acid 2-methylbutylamide (homospilanthol) or a related isomeric compound and deca-2E,4E-dienoic acid N-methyl isobutylamide. The structure of homospilanthol or a related isomeric compound was also assigned in Achillea millefolium for the first time.

Produção de biomassa e do rendimento do óleo essencial de melissa em cultivo solteiro e consorciado com mil-folhas e alface / Biomass production and essential melissa oil output evaluation in a single and linked crop cultivation to both yarrow and lettuce

O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção da biomassa e o rendimento de óleo essencial da melissa, quando em cultivo solteiro e consorciada com mil-folhas e alface. Os tratamentos consistiram em melissa em cultivo solteiro, melissa em consórcio com mil-folhas, melissa consorciada com alface, mil-folhas e alface em cultivo solteiro. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições. Foram avaliados o teor e o rendimento do óleo essencial da melissa e a matéria fresca e a matéria seca da parte aérea de todas as espécies. Notou-se, a partir dos valores das médias, que o cultivo consorciado de melissa com alface proporcionou maior rendimento de óleo essencial, matéria fresca e matéria seca. Os menores valores de todas as variáveis foram observados no cultivo solteiro da melissa. Considerando o Uso Eficiente da Terra (UET), o cultivo consorciado da mil-folhas e da alface com a melissa gerou bons rendimentos de biomassa das plantas, pois os valores calculados para as espécies foram superiores a 1,0. O cultivo consorciado das espécies não interferiu significativamente no teor do óleo essencial da melissa.

The research aimed to evaluate melissa's biomass production and its essential oil output, both single cultivation and linked cultivation to yarrow and lettuce. The treatments were consisted in single cultivantion melissa, melissa linked to yarrow, melissa linked to lettuce, yarrow and lettuce in single cultivation. The experimental design used was a totally randomized design with five treatment and six repetitions. Was evaluated the content and the yield of essential oil of melissa, the fresh matter and the dry matter of the aerial part of all species. It was seen from the average valuations that the melissa linked cultivation to the lettuce obtained the greatest output, fresh matter and dry matter. The smaller values of all variables was observed in melissa in single cultivation. To the the Effective Land Use (ELU), the yarrow and lettuce linking cultivated to the melissa generated good species biomass output, because the calculated results to the plants were higher than 1,0. The species linking cultivation did not interfere significantly in melissa's essential oil content.

Cytotoxic and genotoxic activity of Achillea millefolium L., Asteraceae, aqueous extracts

The yarrow, Achillea millefoilum L. is an important species of Asteraceae family with common utilization in folk medicine of many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous extracts from yarrow leaves on Lactuca sativa (lettuce) root tip meristem cells by cytogenetic studies, since studies of this nature do not exist for the yarrow extracts. For this, lettuce seeds were treated for 72 h with different concentrations of yarrow aqueous extracts (5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/mL). The percentage of germination, root development and cellular behavior were analyzed and the results showed that the highest concentration of aqueous extracts reduced the mitotic index (MI), the seed germination and the root development of L. sativa. More yet, the extracts also induced chromosome aberrations (CA) and cellular death in the roots cells of L. sativa indicating precaution in the therapeutic use of A. millefolium and reinforcing the utilization of L. sativa in the screening of cytogenotoxic substances once that this species showed a good sensibility to the extract application.

Determinação da atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae) e de achillea millefolium (asteraceae) cultivadas no noroeste do Paraná / Determination of antifungal activity of essential oils of curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae) and achillea millefolium (asteraceae) grown in the northwest paraná

No presente estudo, utilizou-se o óleo essencial das plantas Curcuma longa L. e Achillea millefolium, cultivadas no Horto Medicinal da Universidade Paranaense, localizado na cidade de Umuarama-PR região Noroeste do Paraná-Brasil. Para isso, os óleos foram obtidos pelo processo de extração por Clevenger modificado, e determinada a ação antimicrobiana frente a 20 cepas de microorganismos isolados de material clínico humano, sendo 16 leveduras da espécie Candida albicans isoladas da cavidade oral de pacientes portadores do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (HIV), 3 leveduras isoladas de candidíase vulvovaginal (C. albicans, C. glabrata e C. tropicalis) e uma amostra de S. aureus isolado de lesões cutâneas. Por intermédio dos testes de microdiluição em caldo, os óleos de Achillea millefolium e de Curcuma longa demonstraram ação antimicrobiana considerada moderada (0,625 mg mL-1) em 63,2% e 68,4% das leveduras testadas, respectivamente. Ambos os óleos não apresentaram atividade frente ao S. aureus. Desta forma, sugere-se estudos adicionais para uso na incorporação dos óleos em formas farmacêuticas, com vistas ao uso no tratamento tópico de Candidíase mucocutânea.

It was used in this research the essential oil of the plants Curcuma longa and Achillea millefolium cultivated on the Medicinal garden of Universidade Paranense located on the city of Umuarama-PR. The oils were obtained by the process of steam distillation and was determined the microbial activity against 20 microorganisms isolated from clinical human material, being 16 yeasts of Candida albicans species isolated from the oral cavity from patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), 3 yeasts isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis (C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis) and one sample of S. aureus isolated from skin injuries. Through broth microdilution tests, the oils of Achillea millefolium and Curcuma longa showed moderated action (0,625 mg mL-1) on 63,2% e 68,4% of tested yeasts, respectively. Both Oils didn?t show activity against S. aureus. Therefore it is suggested further studies for use in the incorporation of oils in dosage forms with a view to use in the topical treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Comparação da atividade antimicrobiana entre os sabonetes contendo digluconato de clorexidine, triclosan e óleo essencial de achillea milefollium L (asteraceae) / Comparision of the antimicrobial activity of soap containing clorhexidine digluconate, triclosan, and the essential oil of the achillea millefolium achillea millefolium L (asteraceae)

Amostras de sabonete contendo, como agentes antissépticos, triclosan, na concentração de 1,0%; digluconato de clorexidine a 2,0%; óleo essencial de Achillea millefolium nas concentrações de 1,0% e 2,0%, foram avaliadas quanto à atividade antimicrobiana frente aos microorganismos S. aureaus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa e C. albicans pela técnica de Pour Plate. Os resultados demonstraram um poder inibitório total do triclosan frente aos microorganismos testados e observou-se poder inibitório superior do óleo essencial de achillea millefolium na concentração de 2,0% em relação ao sabonete de digluconato de clorexidine, muito utilizado em ambientes hospitalares.

Soap samples containing antiseptics agents such as 1%-triclosan, 2%-clorexidine digluconato, and 1-2% essential oil of Achillea millefolium was assessed according to its antimicrobial activity against Sthaphylococus aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C.albicans by the Pour Plate technique. The results demonstrated a total inhibition of the triclosan to the tested microorganisms and a superiorinhibition of the essential oil of Achillea millefolium was observed at the concentration of 2% in relation to the clorhexidine digluconate soap, very used in hospital atmospheres.

Anatomy of root, stem and leaf and identification of secretory structures of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae)- DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.163 / Anatomia de raiz, caule e folha e identificação de estruturas secretoras de Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) - DOI: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.163

An anatomic study of the vegetative organs: root, stem and leaf was made. The essential oils were extracted from the plant identifying the possible secretory structures. Fresh material was used in order to perform histochemical tests and to prepare semi-permanent slides, which were colored with Safrabau. For the preparation of the semi-permanent slides, material fixed in FAA 50% was used including historesina. Tector hairs can be observed in the scape and flower. Secretory channels of schizogeneous origin follow the vascular bundles in the rhizome, scape, leaf and bract of the flower. In the root, these channels are absent. In the leaf and in the unopened inflorescence there is a greater quantity of the essential oils. The leaf is amphistomatic and the stomata of anomocytic type are present in the scape as well. The general structure of the Achillea millefolium is similar to the structures of the other species of Asteraceae family.

Realizou-se o estudo anatômico dos órgãos vegetativos raiz, caule e folha, e extraíram-se os óleos essenciais das diferentes partes da planta, identificando-se as possíveis estruturas secretoras desses óleos. Utilizou-se material fresco para a realização dos testes histoquímicos e para a confecção de lâminas semipermanentes, as quais se coraram com Safrablau. Para a confecção de lâminas permanentes, utilizou-se material fixado em FAA 50%, incluído em historesina. Observaram-se pêlos tectores no escapo e na folha, enquanto que pêlos glandulares foram encontrados no escapo e na flor. Canais secretores de origem esquizógena acompanham os feixes vasculares no rizoma, no escapo, na folha e na bráctea da flor. Na raiz, esses canais estão ausentes. Na folha e na inflorescência fechada, observouse maior quantidade de óleos essenciais. A folha é anfistomática e os estômatos, do tipo anomocítico, estão presentes também no escapo. A estrutura geral de Achillea millefolium é semelhante à de outras espécies da família Asteraceae.

Avaliação da atividade fotoprotetora de Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae) / Sunscreen activity evaluation of Achillea millefolium L. (Asteraceae)

As radiações ultravioleta (divididas em ultravioleta A, B e C), por possuírem diferentes energias e comprimentos de onda, apresentam diferentes atividades sobre os organismos, sendo que algumas destas atividades são benéficas e outras, não. A fim de evitar os malefícios causados por estas radiações, existem produtos denominados fotoprotetores. Uma vez que os flavonóides são considerados um fator importante de proteção contra a radiação ultravioleta, alguns estudos concentram-se na avaliação da atividade fotoprotetora que algumas plantas, compostas por flavonóides, possam apresentar. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade fotoprotetora de extratos das flores e folhas de Achillea millefolium L. através de testes in vitro por espectrofotometria no ultravioleta. Embora a literatura descreva a presença de flavonóides nas flores e folhas de A. millefolium, não foi encontrada atividade fotoprotetora nos extratos testados.

The ultraviolet radiations (divided in ultraviolet A, B and C), have different energy and wave length; because of these properties, they show different activities on the organisms, being some beneficial and others not. In order to avoid the harmful effects that these radiations cause, there are products named sunscreens. Since the flavonoids are important protecting agents against the ultraviolet radiation, there are studies to evaluate the sunscreen activity that some plants (wich contain flavonoids) could show. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the sunscreen activity of Achillea millefolium L. flowers and leaves extracts by in vitro test using ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Although the literature reports the presence of flavonoids in A. millefolium flowers and leaves, this work did not find sunscreen activity in the tested extracts.

Contribuição ao conhecimento analítico de três compostas medicinais / Analytical knowledge of the medicinal Compositae

Esse trabalho estuda três espécies medicinais de Compositae, descrevendo características morfo-histológicas e relacionando as características físico e fito-químicas com as variações sazonais. Os teores de umidade e de cinzas parecem não sofrer alterações expressivas em função da estação do ano. Bacharis trimera DC (carqueja) não mostrou diferenças qualitativas em seus princípios ativos, que foram detectados tanto na primavera, como no verão e no inverno: saponinas e flavonóides. Solidago microglossa DC (arnica) apresentou alcalóides no verão e no inverno, na primavera não. Flavonóides e taninos, contudo, não apresentaram essa variação. Achillea millefolium L. revelou presença de alcalóides, heterósides cianogéticos, taninos e flavonóides durante o ano todo. A fração saponínica, contudo, falta no verão, justamente quando aparecem os fenóis, ausentes na primavera e no inverno.

This work deals with three medicinal species of Compositae in relation to the botanic-diagnostic, physical-chemistry and phytoterapic aspects, considering the seazonal variations. The level of humidity and ashes seems to have no seazonal variations. Bacharis trimera DC did not shows qualitative variations in its composition of saponins and flavonoids. Solidago microglossa DC presented alkaloids only at the summer and winter. Its flavonoidic and tanninic compositions, however, did not shows qualitative variations. Achillea millefolium L. has alkaloids, cianogenic heterosides, tannins and flavonoids all the year long. The saponinic fraction lacks at the summer however, just when the phenols show up, after disappearance at the spring and in the winter.