ABSTRACT
Objective@# To investigate the inhibitory effect of honeysuckle on Streptococcus mutans UA159 in vitro.@*Methods@# We used a double-dilution method to measure the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of honeysuckle against Streptococcus mutans UA159. Lonicerae lonicerae powder was dissolved in the solvent DMSO, different concentrations of liquid medicine were prepared, and bacterial liquid was added. The solution control group and bacterial liquid control group were set at the same time. The growth and acid production of UA159 were determined using antibacterial experiments. A growth curve and acid production curves were drawn, and the adhesion rate and adhesion inhibition rate were calculated. The effect of honeysuckle on the formation of Streptococcus mutans UA159 was determined by crystal violet quantification, and a microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used to observe biofilm formation and structural changes.@* Results @# The MIC of honeysuckle against Streptococcus mutans UA159 was 12.5 mg/mL. The bacteriostatic experiments showed a difference in the growth, acid production and adhesion of UA159 after honeysuckle treatment (P<0.05) compared with the controls, and the inhibitory effect increased as the drug liquid concentration increased. Crystal violet quantification showed a significant difference in biofilm formation between the pharmaceutical liquid group and the control group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the forward microscope showed a significant decrease in biofilm formation. Under SEM, the number of bacteria decreased significantly at 0, 6 and 12 h after honeysuckle addition. @*Conclusion @# Honeysuckle inhibits the growth and acid production of UA159 and inhibits adhesion and the formation of biofilms.
ABSTRACT
The latest research shows that the intestinal flora is closely related to the pharmacology of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）, and the study of microecological mechanism is a new direction of pharmacology of TCM. Among many functional groups of intestinal flora, butyric acid producing bacteria is an important functional group of intestinal flora. It can ferment dietary fiber, carbohydrate, endogenous protein and so on to produce metabolites. The imbalance of its flora is also related to the occurrence of a variety of diseases. The reason is that butyric acid is an important secondary metabolite of butyrobacteria. As an important short chain fatty acid, butyric acid can maintain intestinal health, regulate immune system and inflammatory response, regulate energy metabolism, and affect cell fraction Chemokines and apoptosis play an important role. Polysaccharide of TCM has the characteristics of high content, not easy to be digested and absorbed by the host, but can be decomposed and utilized by intestinal flora. It can be used as the carbon source of bacteria to regulate the intestinal flora, including butyric acid producing bacteria, and improve the structure of intestinal flora to achieve the purpose of disease treatment. Therefore, based on "butyric acid producing bacteria-polysaccharide of TCM", it is a new field in the study of microecological mechanism of TCM to study the pharmacology of TCM from the function of intestinal bacteria and the polysaccharide component of flora carbon source. Based on the latest literature and microecological pharmacology of TCM, this paper reviews the role of butyric acid, the molecular mechanism of butyric acid producing bacteria using polysaccharide of TCM, the relationship between polysaccharide of TCM and butyric acid producing bacteria, and discusses the relationship between butyric acid producing bacteria and polysaccharide of TCM. It also looks forward to the research of TCM pharmacology based on "butyric acid producing bacteria-polysaccharide of TCM", in order to provide a reference for the research progress of TCM pharmacology based on "butyric acid producing bacteria-polysaccharide of TCM".
ABSTRACT
@#Microorganisms are closely related to the occurrence and development of common oral diseases. Due to the unique physiological and anatomical characteristics of the oral cavity, locally introduced antibacterial drugs cannot be maintained in the effective concentration range under the effect of saliva erosion. Therefore, to enhance the retention and bioavailability of antibacterial drugs in biofilms, some scholars designed pH sensitive drug delivery systems with the fact that the pH value of oral biofilm is lower than the physiological pH value. This article reviews the research reports of a pH-sensitive drug delivery system in the oral cavity and elaborates its application in oral diseases such as dental caries, endodontic disease, periapical disease, peri-implant diseases, and oral candidiasis. Literature review Results show that the pH-sensitive drug delivery system loaded with antibacterial drugs could be used for the control of oral microorganisms with excellent pH sensitivity and antibacterial properties, especially in the application of acid-producing bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. However, the research of pH-sensitive drug delivery systems in the oral cavity is still limited to basic research,and in clinical applications, it still faces many challenges, such as a complex design and synthesis, difficulties with lasting effects and eliminating drug-resistance and persistent bacteria. Further optimization of pH sensitive systems, as well as animal experiments and in vivo studies will be the focus of future research.
ABSTRACT
Five acid forming bacteria, SK3-3, SK3-6B, SK3-7B, SK13-3 and PL20-4S were isolated from soils collected in Samut Songkhram and Phitsanulok provinces. All isolates were Gram-positive, anaerobic, spore-forming, rodshaped bacteria. The isolates were screened for their end product fermentation and were identified based on their phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses. They were belonged to the genus Clostridium and were closely related to Clostridium butyricum DSM 10702T (99.7-100%) and Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4T (98.0-98.2%) based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. All 5 isolates were identified as Clostridium butyricum. They produced 4.51-8.90 g/L (19.40-54.82% yield) of L-lactic acid with 0.06-0.12 g/L/h productivity, 6.15-7.52 g/L of acetic acid and 24.32-29.67 g/L of ethanol as the end product fermentation.