Combinación del ácido úrico y albúmina sérica como biomarcadores predictivos de preeclampsia severa / Combination of uric acid and serum albumin as predictive biomarkers of severe preeclampsia

Resumen: OBJETIVO: Establecer si la la combinación de las concentraciones séricas de ácido úrico y albúmina en las semanas 20 a 24 del embarazo es predictora de preeclampsia severa. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de casos y controles, retrospectivo y observacional, en el que se analizaron las concentraciones de ácido úrico y de albúmina coexistentes en las semanas 20 a 24; posteriormente se compararon las diferencias con pacientes con preeclampsia severa. Se recabaron los datos en Microsoft Excel para Mac versión 2019 y el análisis estadístico se realizó en SPSS para Mac versión 25. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 122 casos y 199 controles. La elevación de las concentraciones de ácido úrico (≥ 4.9 mg/dL) y la hipoalbuminemia (menos de 3.5 mg/dL) tuvieron significación estadística para preeclampsia severa versus el grupo control (p < 0.001). El modelo de regresión logística obtuvo una razón de momios para predecir preeclampsia con datos de severidad de 6.736 (IC95%: 2.5-17.7) para la elevación del ácido úrico y razón de momios de 11.337 (IC95%: 4.5-28.3) para la hipoalbuminemia (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIÓN: El aumento en las concentraciones de ácido úrico (medidas entre las semanas 20 a 24 de embarazo) en combinación con la albúmina sérica tiene utilidad predictora de preeclampsia severa. Sin embargo, deben efectuarse más estudios clínicos para comprobar su eficacia y poder reducir la prevalencia de esta enfermedad.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the combination of serum uric acid and albumin levels from weeks 20 to 24 of gestation are predictors of severe preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective and observational case-control study was carried out, in which the levels of uric acid and albumin taken during the 20th to 24th week were analyzed and compared with patients who developed severe preeclampsia. The data was collected in Microsoft Excel for Mac version 2019 and the statistical analysis was performed in SPSS for Mac version 25. RESULTS: 122 cases and 199 controls were obtained. Elevation of uric acid levels (≥4.9 mg/dL) and hypoalbuminemia (<3.5 mg/dL) obtained statistical significance for severe preeclampsia compared to the control group (p <0.001). The logistic regression model obtained an OR to predict severe preeclampsia of 6.736 (CI95% 2.5-17.7) for uric acid elevation and OR of 11.337 (CI95% 4.5-28.3) for hypoalbuminemia (p <0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study the statistically significant relationship was observed between the increase in uric acid levels and serum hypoalbuminemia from weeks 20 to 24 as predictive biomarkers of severe preeclampsia. However, more studies should be carried out to verify its clinical utility.

Hiperuricemia y componentes del síndrome metabólico en niños y adolescentes obesos / Hyperuricaemia and metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents

Introducción: La hiperuricemia se ha observado como una alteración metabólica adicional en pacientes adultos obesos, pero es poco conocida su magnitud en pacientes pediátricos. Objetivos: Analizar la asociación entre ácido úrico sérico (AUS) con magnitud de la obesidad general y visceral y con otras mediciones bioquímicas en niños y adolescentes obesos de Santiago, Chile. Sujetos y método: En un estudio transversal se evaluaron 770 niños (edades: 6-15 años) de un colegio público de Santiago, Chile, encontrando 227 obesos (29%) (IMC > 2 DE, estándares OMS). Se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 90 niños y aceptaron participar 77, sin otras enfermedades crónicas. Se evaluó: peso, talla, perímetro abdominal, adiposidad visceral con ultrasonografía abdominal y mediciones metabólicas: insulinemia, glucemia (HOMA), lípidos séricos, aspartato aminotransferasa, alanina aminotransferasa (ALT) y AUS. Resultados: Las concentraciones de AUS fueron 0,200 ± 0,065 mmol/l. El AUS fue mayor en niños con valores de hiperinsulinismo (ajustado según edad): 0,221 ± 0,075 vs 0,183 ± 0,054 mmol/l (p < 0,01), sin diferencias según HOMA; las diferencias también se observaron según ALT (> vs < 26 U/ml): 0,238 ± 0,070 vs 0,178 ± 0,054 mmol/l, p < 0,001; la regresión logística controlando por sexo, edad e intensidad de la obesidad mostró solo las ALT asociadas a aumento de AUS. No hubo asociación de mayor AUS con magnitud de IMC, adiposidad visceral o hígado graso. Conclusiones: Los niños y adolescentes obesos de Santiago, Chile, tienen una uricemia mayor en asociación a un aumento de la actividad de la enzima ALT e hiperinsulinismo. Se justifica analizar uricemia en el estudio de niños obesos y en su seguimiento.

Introduction: Hyperuricaemia has been suggested as an additional metabolic factor in adult obese patients, but it has not been sufficiently studied in paediatric. Objectives: To assess the relationship between serum uric acid levels (SUAL) with the level of general and visceral obesity, and other biochemical parameters in children and adolescents of Santiago, Chile. Subjects and method: A cross sectional study was conducted on 770 children and adolescents (ages: 6-15 y.) from a public school in Santiago, Chile, of whom 227 (29%) were obese (BMI > 2 SD, WHO growth standards). Ninety subjects were randomly selected and 77 with no other chronic disease (41 males) accepted to participate. Data was collected on weight, stature, abdominal circumference (AC), visceral adiposity using ultrasound, and other biochemical measurements including fasting glucose, insulin, serum lipids, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and SUAL. Results: The mean SUAL was 0.200 ± 0.065 mmol/L, and was increased in children with hyperinsulinism (adjusted by age: 0.221 ± 0.075 vs 0.183 ± 0.054 mmol/L; P < .01), with no significant differences according to HOMA. Differences were also found between children with ALT > or < 26 U/mL: 0.238 ± 0.070 vs 0.178 ± 0.054 mmol/L, P < .001. The logistic regression showed the increased SUAL was only associated with increased ALT. No significant differences were found in general or visceral adiposity measurements or fatty liver. Conclusions: Children and adolescents from Santiago, Chile have higher uric acid serum uric acid levels as well as an association with increased ALT and insulin. It is demonstrated in this study that uric acid should be measured in obese children and adolescents, and in their follow up.

Serum uric acid levels and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Uyghur and Han ethnic groups in northwestern China / Concentração sérica de ácido úrico e doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica em grupos étnicos Uyghur e Han no nordeste da China

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare serum uric acid values in two ethnically distinct Chinese populations: Uyghur, with a high prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and Han, with a lower prevalence. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Serum uric acid and several clinical features and laboratory tests relevant to the metabolic syndrome were measured in 4,157 Uyghur and 6,448 Han subjects in a health examination program. The diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was established by abdominal ultrasound examination. RESULTS: The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was 42.3% and 33.3% among Uyghur and Han subjects, respectively. The corresponding prevalence of hyperuricemia was 8.8% and 14.7%. The mean concentration of serum uric acid in Uyghurs also was lower than in Hans (282.75 vs. 310.79 µmol/L; p < 0.01). However, in both populations, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was increased in association with increasing serum uric acid concentrations, a trend that was more pronounced in Uyghur than in Han subjects (OR 3.279 and 3.230, respectively). Several components of the metabolic syndrome were more pronounced in Uyghurs than in Hans. CONCLUSIONS: Serum uric acid is an independent risk factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in both Uyghurs and Hans, but other risk factors may be more important in the differences in prevalence of the disease between the two ethnic groups.

OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os valores de ácido úrico em duas populações chinesas etnicamente diferentes: Uyghur, com alta prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica, e Han, com prevalência mais baixa. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: A concentração sérica de ácido úrico e várias características clínicas e testes laboratoriais relevantes para a síndrome metabólica foram determinados em 4.157 indivíduos Uyghur e 6.448 indivíduos Han submetidos a um programa de checkups. O diagnóstico de esteatose hepática foi estabelecido por ultrassom abdominal. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica foi de 42,3% e 33,3% entre os indivíduos Uyghur e Han, respectivamente. A prevalência correspondente de hiperuricemia foi de 8,8% e 14,7%. A concentração sérica média de ácido úrico em Uyghurs também foi mais baixa do que em Hans (282,75 contra 310,79 µmol/L; p < 0,01). Entretanto, em ambas as populações, a prevalência de doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica aumentou com a elevação da concentração sérica de ácido úrico, uma tendência mais pronunciada em Uyghurs do que em Hans (OR 3,279 e 3,230, respectivamente). Vários componentes da síndrome metabólica são mais pronunciados em Uyghurs do que em Hans. CONCLUSÕES: A concentração sérica de ácido úrico é um fator de risco independente para a doença hepática gordurosa não alcoólica tanto em Uyghurs quando em Hans, mas outros fatores de risco podem ser mais importantes nas diferenças na prevalência da doença entre esses dois grupos étnicos.