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Background: Tigecycline is used as a last line ofdefence against Multidrug Resistant (MDR) strains,and increasing rates of resistance are a growing concernglobally. Tigecycline resistance has been reported invarious pathogens including Acinetobacter spp.,Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., E. faecalis, S.aureus, S. pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens. Aimand Objectives: To study Tigecycline susceptibilitypattern of isolates of Enterobacteriaceae andAcinetobacter spp. from Respiratory Tract Infections(RTI) in a tertiary care hospital. Material and Methods:A total of 7573 respiratory samples were received inMicrobiology Department of Govind Ballabh PantInstitute of Postgraduate Medical Education andst st Research (GIPMER) from 1 January 2018 to 31December 2018. The samples were processed as perstandard techniques. Identification and antimicrobialsusceptibility testing was done by VITEK-2 Compactautomated system and Kirby – Bauer Disc DiffusionMethod as per CLSI Guidelines. Results: Out of total7573 respiratory samples received in laboratory, 1017(13.42%) were culture positive for pathogens.Klebsiella pneumoniae 420(41.29%) waspredominantly isolated microorganism followed byPseudomonas aeruginosa 206(20.25%) andAcinetobacter spp. 193(18.97%). Most of Gramnegative organisms were resistant to commonly usedantibiotics. Carbapenem resistance was observed as67.25%. Conclusion: Overall Tigecycline resistanceamong Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae(CRE) and Carbapenem Resistant Acinetobacter(CRA) was found to be 15.50% and 10.69%respectively. Although Tigecycline is a promisingantibiotic for the treatment of infections caused by drugresistant problematic pathogens, Tigecycline resistanceis most frequently observed in A. baumannii andEnterobacteriaceae, especially in MDR strains. Hence,we advocate judicious use of Tigecycline in MDRinfections and it should be kept as reserve.
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Background: Non fermenting Gram Negative Bacilli arediverse and complex group of bacteria that possess very fewdefined characteristics. They are aerobic, non-fermentingGram negative bacilli which were initially considered ascontaminants but have come up with life threatening infectionsin hospitals as multidrug resistant organisms posing a threatbecause of their inherent and acquired drug resistance nature.Aims: Isolation and identification of NFGNB in clinical samplesand determination of their antibiotic sensitivity profile.Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in theDepartment of Microbiology, RIMS, Ranchi from February2017-July 2017. Various clinical samples reaching theBacteriology section of the Department of Microbiology wereprocessed and NFGNB were isolated and identified usingstandard procedure and their antibiotic susceptibility wasperformed.Results: A total of 3581 samples were received out of which2246 were culture positive and 217 were identified as NFGNB.The isolation rate of NFGNB was 9.6%. Number of malesaffected by NFGNB was 121 and that of females was 96.Analysed by specimen NFGNB were isolated from 91 urine, 74pus, 11 ear swab, 6 sputum, 8 body fluid, 21 blood culture and6 catheter tip samples. Urine was most common specimenaccounting for 42% followed by pus (34%), blood (9%), earswab (5%), body fluid (4%), sputum and catheter tip (3%each).The clinical samples from indoor patients yielded highestpercentage of NFGNB (38%) followed by ICU patients (36%)and outdoor patients (26%). Among the NFGNB isolatedPseudomonaas aeruginosa (51%) was the most commonfollowed by Acinetobacter baumanii (22%), Pseudomonas spp(19%), Acinetobacter spp, Stenotrophomonas maltophila,Burkholderia cepacia (2% each), Ralstonia spp &Sphingobacterium spp (1%). Non fermenters were highlysensitive to Imipenem accounting for 91.5% followed byPiperacillin-tazobactam (71.5%), cefoperazone sulbactam(67.7%) & Amikacin (55.6%) on an average.Conclusion: NFGNB considered being contaminants in thepast have now emerged as important health care associatedinfections. In our setting Imipenem can be used for thepreliminary treatment of infections caused by nonfermenters.As these organisms are important opportunistic andnosocomial pathogens causing infections inimmunocompromised patients, better infection control policiesin our settings and its implementation is a must.
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Rationale: Acinetobacter radioresistens is a non-fermentative Gram-negative coccobacillus that is environmentally ubiquitous and is an uncommon cause of pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient with no known chronic medical illness. Patient concerns: A middle-aged Asian male with a smoking history presented with fever and cough. Physical examination was unremarkable. Chest imaging was consistent with pulmonary parenchymal infection and blood culture grew Acinetobacter radioresistens. Diagnosis: Community acquired pneumonia with Acinetobacter radioresistens bacteremia. Interventions: The patient received a combination of intravenous and oral ampicillin-sulbactam over 2 weeks. Outcomes: Repeat blood cultures showed resolution of bacteremia. Completion of antimicrobial treatment saw resolution of respiratory symptoms and radiological pneumonic changes. Lessons: Acinetobacter radioresistens causing community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent host has never been described before. It may be a novel emerging infectious agent in pulmonary infections. Its clinical course in this immunocompetent patient appears to be relatively benign.
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Rationale: Acinetobacter radioresistens is a non-fermentative Gram-negative coccobacillus that is environmentally ubiquitous and is an uncommon cause of pneumonia in an immunocompetent patient with no known chronic medical illness. Patient concerns: A middle-aged Asian male with a smoking history presented with fever and cough. Physical examination was unremarkable. Chest imaging was consistent with pulmonary parenchymal infection and blood culture grew Acinetobacter radioresistens. Diagnosis: Community acquired pneumonia with Acinetobacter radioresistens bacteremia. Interventions: The patient received a combination of intravenous and oral ampicillin-sulbactam over 2 weeks. Outcomes: Repeat blood cultures showed resolution of bacteremia. Completion of antimicrobial treatment saw resolution of respiratory symptoms and radiological pneumonic changes. Lessons: Acinetobacter radioresistens causing community-acquired pneumonia in an immunocompetent host has never been described before. It may be a novel emerging infectious agent in pulmonary infections. Its clinical course in this immunocompetent patient appears to be relatively benign.
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Introducción: Las complicaciones infecciosas se han convertido en la causa de mortalidad más frecuente en los pacientes con afecciones hematológicas sometidos a regímenes terapéuticos agresivos. Objetivo: Caracterizar la infección por Acinetobacter baumannii en pacientes con afecciones hematológicas. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio ambispectivo y descriptivo en el servicio de hematología del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2016. La muestra se conformó con 29 pacientes que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Resultados: La edad promedio fue de 48,3±14,8 años, con predominio del sexo masculino (65,5 por ciento). Resultaron más frecuentes los casos con linfomas (48,3 por ciento). En cuanto al estado de la enfermedad se apreció que prevalecieron por igual (34,5 por ciento) los grupos de pacientes con enfermedad en su inicio y en remisión completa. La neutropenia febril (48,3 por ciento) y la sepsis respiratoria (31,1 por ciento) fueron las manifestaciones clínicas más detectadas. Los enfermos con algún grado de neutropenia resultaron los más frecuentes (55,1 por ciento), principalmente aquellos con neutropenia severa y muy severa. La resistencia a los carbapenémicos entre los infectados fue de 58,6 por ciento. 24,1 por ciento de los casos fallecieron y la resistencia a los carbapenémicos se asoció significativamente (p<0,05) a esta mortalidad. De los procederes invasivos empleados en estos pacientes, predominó la colocación de catéter centro-venoso (58,6 por ciento). Conclusiones: La infección por A. baumannii es más frecuente en pacientes con afecciones hematológicas malignas y que recibieron tratamiento mielodepresor así como en aquellos que presentaron neutropenia severa/muy severa, manifestándose clínicamente de forma mayoritaria como una neutropenia febril; es muy importante señalar que la mortalidad por este agente biológico resultó elevada, principalmente si existe resistencia a los carbapenémicos(AU)
Introduction: Infectious complications have become the most frequent cause of mortality in patients with hematological conditions subjected to aggressive therapeutic regimens. Objective: To characterize Acinetobacter baumannii infection in patients with hematological disorders. Methods: An ambispective and descriptive study was carried out in the hematology department at Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital from January 2010 to December 2016. Twenty nine patients, who met the established inclusion criteria, formed the sample. Results: The average age was 48.3 ± 14.8 years, males were majority (65.5 percent). The lymphomas cases were more frequent (48.3 percent). Regarding the state of the disease, it was observed that the groups of patients with disease in its initial stage and in complete remission prevailed equally (34.5 percent). Febrile neutropenia (48.3 percent) and respiratory sepsis (31.1 percent) were the most detected clinical manifestations. Patients with some degree of neutropenia were the most frequent (55.1 percent), mainly those with severe and very severe neutropenia. The resistance to carbapenems among the infected subjects was 58.6 percent. The deceased cases represented 24.1 percent and resistance to carbapenems was significantly associated (p <0.05) with this mortality. Out of the invasive procedures used in these patients, central venous catheter placement was predominant (58.6 percent). Conclusions: A. baumannii infection is more frequent in patients with malignant haematological conditions and who received myeloablative treatment as well as in those who presented severe or very severe neutropenia, mainly exhibiting as a febrile neutropenia. It is very important to point out that mortality due to this biological agent was high, mainly if there is resistance to carbapenems(AU)
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Humans , Carbapenems/therapeutic use , Sepsis/drug therapy , Acinetobacter baumannii , Hematologic Diseases/complications , Epidemiology, DescriptiveABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational selection of antibiotics against non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli in clinic. METHODS:Etiological data of clinical isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA),Acinetobacter baumanii(AB) and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia(SM)were collected from the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University(called"our hospital"for short)during Jan. 2004-Dec. 2016. Drug resistance of them to commonly used antibiotics was analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:Totally 15 587 strains of PA,7 446 strains of AB and 2 950 strains of SM were detected. Resistance rates of PA to commonly used antibiotics fluctuated but were in a decreasing tendency. Except for imipenem,resistance rates of PA to commonly used antibiotics decreased significantly,and resistance rates of PA to amikacin and gentamicin decreased to 4.60% and 7.48%, respectively. Resistance rates of AB to most commonly used antibiotics were more than 40%,but it was sensitive to tigecycline (drug resistance of 0-4.03%). Resistance rates of SM to cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium increased from 3.03% in 2004 to 39.01% in 2016,but it was sensitive to sulfamethoxazole,minocycline and levofloxacin. CONCLUSIONS:Non-fermentative Gram- negative bacilli detected in our hospital are mainly PA. Resistance rate of PA to most of the antibiotics is declining;drug resistance of AB is severe;resistance rates of SM to cefoperazone sodium and sulbactam sodium show increasing tendency.Above 3 non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli are sensitive to amikacin,tegocycline and minocycline. Clinical selection should be based on the results of drug sensitivity test.
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Objective To screen the bacteriophage for splitting multiple drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii to provide a new scheme for the phage therapy of multiple drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii infection.Methods Multiple drug resistance Acinetobacter baumanii isolated from hospitals in Shanghai served as the host bacteria.The bacteriophages were isolated from different environments.The morphology and size of bacteriophages were observed by electron microscope with negative staining.The influence of pH and temperature on its stability was analyzed.The phage DNA was extracted and sequenced.The related gene function was analyzedResults A virulent phage named D218 of drug-resistance Acinetobacter baumanii was isolated from the effluent sewerage of hospital.The electron microscopy observation showed that it is a long-tail phage of polyhedron symmetric structure,with a diameter of about 65nm,the tail length of about 100nm and width of about 15 nm.The phage kept high activity at pH 3-11 and temperature 4-50 ℃.The genome size is 102449bp with GC content of 37.2%.It encodes 167 ORFs.Conclusion A new virulent phage D218 of drug-resistance Acinetobacter baumanii is isolated,which is stable to pH and temperature,which increases the new data for its application in hospital infection prevention and control,and the phage library setup.
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Objective To investigate the drug resistance genes of Acinetobacter baumanii in some areas of Nanjing City,and to explore the molecular epidemiology characteristics of different antibiotic resistant strains.Methods A total of 75 strains of Acinetobacter baumanii were isolated from three hospitals of Nanjing city from May 2015 to May 2016 and the strains were identified by microbial identification system.Drug resistances of the strains were determined by KB method.The genotypes of strains were analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis,and PCR was used to amplify the resistance genes.The molecular epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumanii was studied.Results Seventy five strains of Acinetobacter baumanii all had high drug resistance to antibiotics except tigecycline and colistin.The rates of resistance to cefepime,ceftazidime,cefotaxime,ciprofloxacin,cefotaxime,tetracycline were all higher than 90％.The strains were mainly divided into 5 types,and the proportion of A type and B type accounted for 42.67％ and 37.33 ％.The positive rates of genes OXA-23,OXA-24,TEM,SHV,CTX-M,IMP-1,IMP-2 and VIM-2 were 81.33 ％,9.33％,66.67％,10.67％,42.67％,26.67％,16.00％ and 21.33％ respectively.Conclusion A type and B type of the Acinetobacter baumanii are the most popular in hospitals of Nanjing,and the strains are multiple drug resistance.The expression of main resistance genes OXA-23 and TEM strains may be the main mechanism for the higher resistance of the bacteria to antibiotics and β-amide antibiotics.
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Objective To investigate the effects of Acinetobacter baumannii culture supernatants on planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Methods The standard isolates (ATCC 19606,ATCC 1195) and clinical isolates (AB23,AB39,AB53) of Acinetobacter baumannii were collected and the 6,12,16,24 and 48 hour-cultured supernatants were extracted.The effects of the culture supernatants on the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 were detected on the 96-well plate combined with crystal violet staining.Two-fold concentration of LB medium was prepared to eliminate the effects of nutrition consumption of Acinetobacter baumannii during culture on Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth.The active ingredients in the supernatant of Acinetobacter baumannii culture medium were investigated by using the concentrated tube containing protein with relative molecular mass 3 000.Results The most suitable period for Acinetobacter baumannii culture supernatant extraction was between 12 to 24 hours,so the 16 hourcultured supernatant was chosen for next experiments.The 50％ culture supernatant of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 1195 and ATCC 19606 significantly inhibited the planktonic cell growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1,in which the absorbance at 630 nm reduced from(0.688 ± 0.014) and(0.692 ± 0.014) to (0.431 ± 0.023) and (0.428 ± 0.020) respectively (t =16.780,P ＜ 0.05;t =18.500,P ＜ 0.05).The 50％ culture supernatant of Acinetobacter baumannii ATCC 1195 and ATCC 19606 also significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 with decreased absorbance at 570 nm from (2.071 ± 0.068) and (1.986 ±0.023) to (1.639 ± 0.042) and (1.525 ± 0.202) respectively (t =9.358,P ＜ 0.05;t =3.924,P ＜ 0.05).The biofilm inhibitory effect of the protein with relative molecular mass less than 3 000 was obviously observed by reducing amount of biofilm formation from (1.177 ± 0.040) to(1.056 ± 0.030) (t =4.192,P ＜ 0.05),while there was no inhibitory effect of the proteins with relative molecular mass more than 3 000 in the composition.Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii culture supernatant could effectively inhibit the planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the relative molecular mass of active ingredients in the culture supernatant may be less than 3 000.
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Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is currently a serious health concern.According to the data from the surveil-lance of bacterial resistance in China ( CHINET) ,the isolation rates of gram-negative bacteria have been rising annually. Among the gram-negative organisms, the isolation rate of Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, especially extensive drug-resistant strains,has been increasing rapidly.The isolation rate of extensive drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant non-fermenting bacteria,es-pecially Acinetobacter baumanii,is still relatively high.These extensive drug-resistant gram-negative bacteria cause high mortality, which has drawn great attention in clinical settings.On the part of multidrug-assistant gram-positive bacteria,the isolation rate of vancomycin-resistant enterococci remains stable but rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci are still high.Staphylococcal strains have not yet been found resistant to vancomycin in China.Understanding the epi-demiology of local drug-resistant bacteria facilitates the development of appropriate antibiotic strategies. The mortality of patients with severe infection may be improved by early use of antibiotics and appropriate de-escalation therapy.Rational use of antibiotics and recognition of the influence factors,such as antibiotic-induced endotoxin release,may maximize the efficacy of antibiotics and minimize the adverse reactions.
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O trato respiratório é o segundo sítio mais comum de infecção no ambiente hospitalar. Aspneumonias hospitalares se caracterizam por grande dificuldade de respirar, tosseprodutiva e febre elevada Os principais fatores de risco são idade, tabagismo, hospitalizaçãoe procedimentos invasivos. Este estudo objetivou verificar o número desecreções traqueais positivas e determinar os agentes etiológicos predominantes, alémde fazer uma análise epidemiológica, identificando a prevalência de gênero, faixa etáriae idade média dos pacientes acometidos. Foram analisadas ainda as taxas de resistênciaaos antimicrobianos. Os pacientes mais acometidos por infecção no sítio respiratórioforam os pacientes do gênero masculino, na faixa etária de 61 a 80 anos. Dentre osmicrorganismos isolados, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e o Acinetobacter baumannii forampreponderantes. P. aeruginosa apresentou-se mais sensível aos antimicrobianos testados(cefepime, ceftazidina, ceftriaxona, imipenem e meropenem) enquanto que A. baumannii,em sua maioria, mostrou alto grau de resistência...
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Humans , Male , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Acinetobacter baumannii , Anti-Infective Agents , Cross Infection , Epidemiology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Pneumonia/diagnosis , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Lung Diseases, Fungal/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To analyze acinetobacter Baumanii infections in ICU and explore the nursing strategies.Method The clinical data of 5310 ICU patients infected with acinetobacter Baumanii in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 5310 patients in the ICU,26 were infected by acinetobacter baumanii with an incidence of 0.5%,with 46.2%patients contracted cerebral hemorrhage,38.5%intracerebral tumor,92.3%infection by multi-drug resistant bacteria and.All patients were managed with artificial ventilation and 84.6%patients were hospitalized in ICU for over 7 days.Conclusions The nursing strategies includes reasonable use of antibiotics,active treatment of primary diseases,rigid control of disinfection and isolation,attaching importance to hand hygiene and strict implementation of nursing practice,which are important for preventing and controling the infection of acinetobacter baumanii.
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Objective To investigate the in vitro susceptibility of Minocycline and polymycin B against clinical islates of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii ,to provide laboratory support for clinical treatment for drug selection.Methods The susceptible test of Minocycline and polymycin against 39 isolates of pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii were determined by K-B meth-od.Results 38 strains of pan-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii were sensitive to polymyxin B,sensitive rate was 97.4%,20 strains sensitive to minocycline,the sensitivity rate was 51.3%.polymyxin B sensitivity was more sensitive than Minocycline (P < 0.05). Conclusion Polymycin B had strong activit ies against pan-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumanii .
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Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of isolated Acinetobacter(A.)bau-mannii from the clinical inpatients in our hospital from 2008 to 2013 to provide the basis for rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinic.Methods The BD phoenix-100 fully automatic microbial analyzer(USA)was adopted to conduct the strain identification and the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)detection of clinically isolated A.baumannii.All obtained data were analyzed.Results 128,173,350,282,186 strains of A.baumannii in turn were isolated during these years,the strains in sampling from the clinically i-solated A.baumannii during 2012 was mainly originated from the sputum samples(155 strains,68.28%).In the distribution of hos-pital departments,most concentrated in ICU(65 strains,28.63%),followed by the respiratory department(47 strains,20.70%),the emergency observation wards(35 strains,15.42%)and the apoplexy and geriatric wards(24 strains,10.57%),the most of patients were older people aged more than 60 years.And according to the data within these 5 years,many kinds of different antibacterial drugs had generally the increased drug resistance rate,especially the increasing trend during 2011-2012 was more obvious,the pen-icillins all showed extensive drug-resistance.In the third,fourth generation cephalosporins,aminoglycosides and quinolones were generally drug-resistant.The drug resistance rate of cephalosporins(ceftazidime,cefotaxime,cefepime)remained at a higher level of 75.00%-85.00%.The drug resistance rate of quinolones(ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin)and aminoglycosides(gentamicin,amikacin) also showed the increasing trend year after year.The drug-resistant rate of the beta lactam compound preparations had the rapidly increasing speed,such as which of ampicillin /sulbactam was increased from 60.16% to 83.33%,which of carbapenems such as imipenem and meropenem was increased more significantly,the drug-resistant rate of imipenem was increased from 25.20% to 82.27%,and the detection rate was continually increased.And the drug resistant rate of Schupson was increased from 18.89% to 80%,but the only difference was the drug named Colistin(polymyxin E)maintained a low drug resistance rate during these five years.Conclusion Resistance of A.baumannii to various antibacterial drugs is gradually increased and the isolation rate of multi-drug-resistant and pan-drug resistant A.baumannii is increased year by year.So A.baumannii infection and its drug-resistance changes should be vigilant and be paid more attention to for preventing the emergence and spread of drug-resistant A.baumannii strains.
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BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the bacterial pathogens of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a tertiary referral hospital. METHODS: A total of 109 bacterial pathogens from 91 adult patients with VAP, who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit from January 2008 to December 2009, were examined. Clinical characteristics, bacterial pathogens, and resistance profiles were analyzed. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus (44%) was the most frequently isolated. Acinetobacter baumanii (30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6%), and Serratia marcescens (2%) were isolated from the transtracheal aspirates or bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with VAP. There was no significant difference of bacterial pathogens between early and late onset VAP. All isolated S. aureus were methicillin resistant S. aureus; the imipenem resistance rate of A. baumanii was 69%. CONCLUSION: The two most frequent pathogens of VAP were S. aureus and A. baumanii. There were no pathogenic differences between early and late onset VAP.
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Adult , Humans , Acinetobacter , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Imipenem , Intensive Care Units , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Methicillin Resistance , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Referral and Consultation , Serratia marcescens , Staphylococcus aureus , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Tertiary Care Centers , Ventilators, MechanicalABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the bacterial pathogens of Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in a tertiary referral hospital. METHODS: A total of 109 bacterial pathogens from 91 adult patients with VAP, who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit from January 2008 to December 2009, were examined. Clinical characteristics, bacterial pathogens, and resistance profiles were analyzed. RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus (44%) was the most frequently isolated. Acinetobacter baumanii (30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6%), and Serratia marcescens (2%) were isolated from the transtracheal aspirates or bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with VAP. There was no significant difference of bacterial pathogens between early and late onset VAP. All isolated S. aureus were methicillin resistant S. aureus; the imipenem resistance rate of A. baumanii was 69%. CONCLUSION: The two most frequent pathogens of VAP were S. aureus and A. baumanii. There were no pathogenic differences between early and late onset VAP.
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Adult , Humans , Acinetobacter , Bronchoalveolar Lavage , Imipenem , Intensive Care Units , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Methicillin Resistance , Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Referral and Consultation , Serratia marcescens , Staphylococcus aureus , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , Tertiary Care Centers , Ventilators, MechanicalABSTRACT
Drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii ( Ab) in surgical ICU from January 2008 to December 2009 was investigated retrospectively. Total 114 clinical strains of Ab were isolated from surgical ICU and 92 strains were from respiratory tract (80.7% ). The prevalence rate of multiresistant Ab in 2009 was higher than that in 2008 (75. 7% vs 50. 0% , x2 = 7. 703, P = 0. 006). The results indicate that to monitor and control drug resistant of Ab constantly is important for the prevention of nosocomial infection.
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Objective To investigate the variations of tendency of drug-resistance from Jan 2006 to Dec 2008. the origin and the distributing of Acinetobacter baumannii and provide basis for selection of clinical drugs.Methods The characteriztion and sensitivity to antibiotics of Acinetobacter baumannii were analysed using VTTEK-32 system.Results 107 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii were separated and characterized during the three years.The rates of resistance to antibiotics were Imipenem 0.9%,Amikacin 5.6%,Ampicillin/Sulbactam 6.5%,Ampicillin 74.8% Ceftriaone 63.6%,Cefotaxime 38.3%,Aztreonam 25.2%.The resistance rate of Acinetobacter baumanii increased from 2006 to 2008,showed increasing tendency.Conclusion Acinetobacter baumannii showed good sensitivity to Carbapenems,Aminoglycosides,β-lactam antibiotics,Acinetobacter baumanii are widely distributing in hospital and are widely resistant to many kinds of antibiotics,The results suggested that the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to antibiotics should be continuously monitored,it will be beneficial for infection-control to collect antibiotics basing on the results of drug-sensitive test.