ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of 45 year-old or older human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons and patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in Chengdu. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the data of 45 year-old or older patients with HIV/AIDS reported in Chengdu from 2018 to 2020. Results From 2018 to 2020, there were 219 newly reported cases aged 45 and above (35.67%) with HIV/AIDS in Chengdu, and the differences among them were statistically significant (χ2=6.45, P2=0.29, 0.22, 5.65, 1.92, 5.68, 1.12, 2.12, 0.39, P>0.05). 75.34% of the patients were infected through heterosexual transmission, and 50.68% were detected at treatment. The proportion of patients whose first CD4 cell test result was lower than 200/μL was relatively higher (43.84%). Nearly 81.28% of the patients received antiviral therapy, and the mortality reached 16.89%. From 2018 to 2020, the difference in transmission route, sample source, the first examination results of CD4 cells, antiviral treatment, or prognosis was not statistically significant (χ2=1.29, 3.59, 1.56, 0.01, 0.35, P>0.05). Fever (62.10%), fatigue (42.01%), and lymph node enlargement (28.77%) were main symptoms of the patients. 51.14% were detected in outpatient examinations, and most patients were accompanied by at least one opportunistic infection. Cytomegalovirus infection (56.16%) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (36.53%) were main virus infection types. From 2018 to 2020, there was no significant difference in symptoms, visiting departments or combined infection (χ2=0.07-3.00, 3.00, 0.20-2.61, P>0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of HIV/AIDS is relatively severe in 45 year-old or older people in Chengdu. The constituent ratio and the incidence rate show an upward trend. Therefore, individualized prevention and control strategies should be formulated for 45 year-old or older people to effectively suppress the transmission of HIV/AIDS in the middle-aged and the elderly.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To understand the perceptions of living with HIV / AIDS face impossibility of breastfeeding. Method: This is a descriptive, exploratory qualitative study conducted in a Day Hospital, reference the state of Santa Catarina in 2012. The sampling technique used was the semi-structured interview as open Minayo1. Results: The study subjects showed predominant age group was between 27-38 years. The experience of not breastfeeding was for women experience painful and emotionally draining, and created a way to satisfy the idealized symbolic breastfeeding by them during the act of breastfeeding, replacing the physiological significance of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Thus, the nurse needs beyond compliance with protocols regarding the inhibition of lactation, understand and encourage breastfeeding symbolic, created by women, in addition to the biological, the emotional, social and cultural conditions that surround the woman.
Objetivo: Conhecer as percepções das portadoras de HIV/AIDS perante impossibilidade de amamentação. Método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo descritivo e exploratório realizado em um Hospital Dia, de referência no estado de Santa Catarina, em 2012. A técnica de coleta utilizada foi à entrevista semi-estruturada aberta conforme Minayo1. Resultados: Os sujeitos de pesquisa apresentaram faixa etária predominante foi entre 27 a 38 anos. A experiência de não amamentar, foi para as mulheres uma experiência penosa e emocionalmente desgastante, e criaram um modo de satisfazer a amamentação simbólica idealiza da por elas durante o ato de amamentar, substituindo o significado da amamentação fisiológica. Conclusão: Deste modo, a enfermagem precisa além do cumprimento de protocolos a respeito da inibição da lactação, compreender e estimular a amamentação simbólica, criada pelas mulheres, além dos aspectos biológicos, os emocionais, sociais e culturais que circundam a mulher.
Objetivo: Conocer las percepciones de los que viven con el VIH/SIDA imposibilidad frente a la lactancia materna. Método: Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, exploratorio realizado en un Hospital de Día, referencia al estado de Santa Catarina en 2012. La técnica de muestreo utilizada fue la entrevista semi-estructurada como abierto Minayo1. Resultados: Los sujetos del estudio mostraron grupo de edad predominante fue entre 27 a 38 años. La experiencia de la lactancia materna no fuera por las mujeres experimentan dolor y emocionalmente agotador, y creó una forma de satisfacer la lactancia simbólica idealizada por ellos, en sustitución de la importancia fisiológica de la lactancia materna. Conclusión: La enfermera necesita más allá de cumplimiento de los protocolos con respecto a la inhibición de la lactancia, entender y fomentar la lactancia materna simbólica, creado por las mujeres, además de los, las condiciones emocionales, sociales y culturales biológicos que rodean la mujer.