ABSTRACT
Background: Morphometric analysis of the acromion process is important in shoulder joint pathologies and the structures passing through the subacromion space or structures present underneath the coracoacromial arch are more prone to undergo impingement and end with impingement syndrome of the shoulder joint. Knowledge on the morphometry of the acromion process is essential before planning surgical treatment of the impingement syndrome such as, acromioplasty or acromionectomy. The present study is aimed to focus on the morphometric analysis of the acromion process. Subjects and Methods: The present study was carried on 100 dry adult scapulae in which 50 were right and 50 were left. The following parameters were measured; length of the acromion, width of the acromion, coracoacromial distance and the acromioglenoidal distance. All the parameters were measured using vernier caliper. Results: The mean length of the acromion process was 42.55mm and 41.43mm on the right and the left sides respectively. The mean width of the acromion process was 23.12mm and 22.8mm on the right and the left sides respectively. The mean coracoacromial distance was 34.16mm and 34.15mm on the right and the left sides respectively. The average acromioglenoid distance was 24.48mm and 24.52mm on the right and the left sides respectively. Conclusion: The morphometric data of this study will be of great importance for the orthopaedic surgeon while treating the impingement syndrome and other surgeries of shoulder joint.
ABSTRACT
Background: Acromion morphology has an important role in impingement syndrome and pathogenesis of rotator cuff diseases. Coracoid process is involved in many surgical procedures of shoulder joint. Dimensions of glenoid process are essential in designing glenoid components for total shoulder replacement. Aim of the study was to measure the various dimensions and note the morphology of acromion, coracoid and glenoid processes of scapula.Methods: Fourty two scapulae (24 right, 18 left) were used and the dimensions of the three processes were measured with digital Vernier calipers.Results: The findings were as follows- length of acromion- 43.57±5.13 mm; width of acromion- 25.03±3.57 mm; acromio-coracoid distance- 33.09±7.02 mm; acromio-glenoid distance- 25.24±4.05 mm; height of coraco-acromial arch- 15.17±3.8 mm; length of coracoid- 38.73±3.72 mm; width of coracoid- 14.28±2.36 mm; tip thickness of coracoid- 8.61±1.89 mm; height of base coracoid- 12.91±2.88 mm; width of base of coracoid- 22.31±3.54 mm; height of glenoid- 34.18±3.53 mm; superior antero-posterior glenoid length- 15.35±2.35 mm and inferior antero-posterior glenoid length- 23.9±2.52 mm.Conclusions: The results will be highly relevant in orthopaedic surgery and manufacturing shoulder prosthesis.
ABSTRACT
Background: The acromion process plays an important role in formation of the shoulder joint and providesstability to the shoulder joint. Acromion process resection is done in case of shoulder impingement syndrome.Materials and Methods: About 100 dry human scapulae were measured for parameters such as length, breadthof acromion process of scapula. The acromio coracoids distance and acromio glenoid distance was measuredusing vernier callipers.Observation: It was observed that the curved type of acromion process was the commonest type. Flat type is leastcommon type. The mean length of acromion process on right side is longer significantly than the left side. Thelength of acromion process on right side is significantly longer than the left side. All the other parameters(Breadth of acromion process, Acromio glenoid distance, acromio clavicular distance on right and left side wasnot significant.Conclusion: The present study provides useful data of dimensions of acromion which may help the orthopaediciansduring surgical repair around the shoulder joint. It will of interest to anthropologists when studying about theevolution of the bipedal gate
ABSTRACT
Background–Axillary nerve, one of the terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus is more prone for inju-ries. Lack of proper anatomical knowledge and variations of axillary nerve leads to risk of nerve injuries. The present study describes the origin of axillary nerve, its distance of origin from tip of coracoids process. Method: Thirty brachi-al plexuses from fifteen formalin fixed human cadavers of both the sexes were studied by dissection method. Origin and branching pattern of axillary nerve and its distance of origin from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid pro-cess & posterolateral aspect of acromion process was recorded. Results:Out of the 30 specimens studied, axillary nerve was originating from the posterior cord of brachial plexus in 90% of specimens, remaining 10% specimens showed a common trunk of origin of axillary nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus. The mean distance of origin of axillary nerve from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process and posterolateral aspect of acromion process is 3.98cm & 6.30cm respectively. The axillary nerve terminated into anterior and posterior branch within quadrangular space in 29 specimens. In one specimen articular branch for shoulder joint was not directly arising from axillary nerve instead it is arising from anterior branch of axillary nerve. Conclusion: In studied population Axil-lary nerves display variations in the origin and distance of origin. Knowledge of this variation in axillary nerve is very important to clinicians, anaesthetists and orthopaedic surgeons during surgical exploration of neck, axilla and upper arm, shoulder dislocation, infraclavicular brachial plexus block and fracture of surgical neck of humerus.