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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the myocardial protective effect of the major active extracts from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge(SM), and clarify their different contributions in myocardial protection. METHODS: Using rat aortic rings and cardiomyocyte hypoxia-reoxygenation injury(HRI) model, experiments of SM about four active fractions, include the total tanshinones, the mixture of total salvianolic acids and glycoproteins, the total salvianolic acides, and the glycoproteins were evaluated on myocardial protection. RESULTS: The vasodilator experimental results showed that the total salvianolic acides had the strongest effect and the percentage of vasodilatation was (55.67 ± 3.09)%. The experimental of myocardial cells protection showed that the total tanshinones had the strongest protective effect on myocardial cells, and compared with model group, it had significant protective effect on HRI cells. CONCLUSION: The tanshinones and salvianolic acids in SM have myocardial protective effect, but they have different pathways and contributions, which speculates that they may have a synergistic effect in myocardial protection.
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Leishmaniasis is considered as an emerging, uncontrolled disease and is endemic in 98 countries. Annually, about 2 million cases of cutaneous and 500000 cases of visceral-type leishmaniasis are recorded and 60000 persons died from the disease. In Mexico, cutaneous leishmaniasis is known as chiclero's ulcer and is reported in 22 states, it is considered as a health problem. For its treatment, pentavalent antimonial drugs are administered. These drugs cause severe side effects, are costly. Drug-resistant cases have been reported and have been developing for over 70 years. One alternative to the drugs that are currently available is to find active molecules in medicinal plants. Dihydrocorynantheine, corynantheine and corynantheidine are active against Leishmania major, while harmane, pleiocarpin, buchtienin, luteolin and quercetin are active against Leishmania donovani. In Mexico, about 20 medicinal plants have been evaluated against Leishmania mexicana, among which the most active are Tridax procumbens, Lonchocarpus xuul and Pentalinon andrieuxii. From these plants, active compounds with IC ≤ 30 μg/mL or μM have been isolated, such as 3(S)-16,17-didehydrofalcarinol or Oxylipin, cholestra-4,20,24-trien-3-one or pentalinosterol, 24-methylcholest-4-24(28)-dien-3-one, cholest-4-en-3-one, 6,7-dihydroneridie-none, neridienone, cholest-5,20,24-trien-3β-ol, and isocordoin. Today, only pentalinonsterol has been synthesized and assayed in the visceral leishmaniasis experimental model using BALB/c mice infected with Leishmania donovani. Liposome formulation of this compound administered by intravenous route at 2.5 mg/kg showed a significant reduction of parasite load in mouse liver and spleen.
ABSTRACT
Leishmaniasis is considered as an emerging, uncontrolled disease and is endemic in 98 countries. Annually, about 2 million cases of cutaneous and 500 000 cases of visceral-type leishmaniasis are recorded and 60 000 persons died from the disease. In Mexico, cutaneous leishmaniasis is known as chiclero's ulcer and is reported in 22 states, it is considered as a health problem. For its treatment, pentavalent antimonial drugs are administered. These drugs cause severe side effects, are costly. Drug-resistant cases have been reported and have been developing for over 70 years. One alternative to the drugs that are currently available is to find active molecules in medicinal plants. Dihydrocorynantheine, corynantheine and corynantheidine are active against Leishmania major, while harmane, pleiocarpin, buchtienin, luteolin and quercetin are active against Leishmania donovani. In Mexico, about 20 medicinal plants have been evaluated against Leishmania mexicana, among which the most active are Tridax procumbens, Lonchocarpus xuul and Pentalinon andrieuxii. From these plants, active compounds with IC
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Objective To study the antibacterial components of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of the traditional Chinese medicine Artemísia anómala S. Moore. Methods The chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemísia anómala S. Moore was isolated by silica gel column chromatography. The antibiotic tests of the different isolated fractions in vilro were performed by using Kriby-Bauer method and broth dilution method. The compound structures of the significantly active components were identified by the method of chemical colored-reaction and spectrum analysis. Results Multiple components of chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemísia anómala had different degrees of antibacterial activities for common pathogenic strains in clinic. The structures of significantly active components were identified as: apigenin, eupatilin, and caffeic acid; eupatilin had the strongest antimicrobial activity for Standard Slaphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923) and Standard Staphylococcus aureua (ATCC29213), with the minimal bactericidal concentrations being both 0. 062 5 mg/mL. Conelusion The proposcd method in the present study is simple and quick; it can aceurately and cffectively obtain the antibacterial components of the chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of Artemísia anómala. This study is the first to report the antibacterial activity of eupatilin.
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Objective To screen the hemostatic active extracts from Callicarpa nudif lora .Methods The powdered Callicarpanudiflora was extracted with 70% EtOH and concentrated to give EtOH-extract .The EtOH-extract was further chromatographed over HP-20 macroporous resin column ,eluting with aqua and 95% EtOH to get HP-H2 O-elution and HP-EtOH-elution ,respectively .The obtained three extracts of EtOH-extrract ,HP-EtOH-elution and HP-H2 O-elution were set as large ,middle and small dosage groups for drug preparation ,respectively .Yunnan Baiyao was used as a positive control group . The weight increment ,bleeding time and clotting time of fed mice were detected by cutting tail and grass slide methods after in-tragastric administration for 7 days .Results As compared with blank model and positive control ,each dosage groups of HP-EtOH-elution could significantly shortened the bleeding time ,of which the small dosage group and middle dosage group even ex-hibited better results than the positive control group .Whereas the EtOH-extract ,HP-EtOH-elution and HP-H2 O-elution didn′t demonstrated significant effect on clotting time as well as the weight increment .Conclusion The HP-EtOH-elution was suggested to be the major active extract possessing hemostatic activity to mice under tested dosages .The hemostatic mechanism may through in-trinsic coagulation pathway .This study would be helpful for further phytochemical investigation of C .nudi f lora .