ABSTRACT
Background@#The skill of active listening is important in the diagnosis and management of patients by physicians.@*Objective@#The aim of the study was to determine the self-assessed active listening skills and attitude among resident physicians in a tertiary hospital in Iloilo City.@*Methods@#This is a cross sectional study which recruited all sixty-two resident physicians of the different residency training programs of Iloilo Mission Hospital. The participants answered a self-administered questionnaire in January 2020. Data entry and data analysis were done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the level of active listening skills and attitude of the respondents. ANOVA, T-test, and Pearson chi square at alpha level 0.05 were used to determine the association between the variables.@*Results@#Majority (87%) of resident physicians had medium level of active listening skills and attitude based on their Active Listening Attitude Scale (ALAS) score. The remaining 13% had high ALAS score. There was no socio-economic variable that was found to be associated with ALAS score.@*Conclusions@#The resident physicians of Iloilo Mission Hospital have a medium to high level of active listening skills and attitude. The respondents believe that having good active listening skills will help them deal with their patients and honing such skills should be encouraged during residency training.
Subject(s)
Self-Assessment , Attitude , Tertiary Care Centers , PhysiciansABSTRACT
Resumen (analítico): Basado en un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado entre 2008 y 2016 con personas de sectores populares aficionadas a un músico de rock argentino, mi objetivo en este artículo es describir ciertos efectos subjetivos que produce esta música en la vida de los fans. Con esta exploración busco, por un lado, contribuir al análisis del campo de experiencias en las que se configuran modos de ser joven al interior de las clases populares del mundo contemporáneo. Por otro lado, en un plano analítico, procuro destacar la especificidad de los procesos reflexivos que promueve el encuentro con los objetos de la cultura popular. Como resultado mostraré que esta afición permite procesar subjetivamente diversas experiencias de aflicción, vinculadas con las formas que asume la vida social en estos individuos jóvenes.
Abstract (analytical): Based on ethnographic work carried out between 2008 and 2016 with rock fans from working class sectors, the objective of this article is to describe some of the subjective effects of this music in the lives of fans. This exploration seeks, on the one hand, to contribute to the analysis of experiences in which specific ways of being a young person are formed within the working classes of the contemporary world. On the other hand, at an analytical level, the study aims to demonstrate the specificity of reflexive processes promoted by encounters with the objects of popular culture. As a result, the study shows that through this fanaticism these young people can subjectively process different experiences of their interest in music, which are linked to the social lives of these young people.
Resumo (analítico): O artigo descreve alguns dos efeitos subjetivos provocados pela músicade um cantor de rock argentino na vida de seus fãs oriundos de camadas populares. Para tal intento, foi realizado entre os anos de 2008 e 2016 uma pesquisa etnográfica de seus fãs. A investigação procurou, por um lado, contribuir para a análise do campo de experiências em que "modos de ser jovem" são definidos dentro das classes populares do mundo contemporâneo. Já por outro, num outro nível de reflexão, pretendeu-se realçar a especificidade dos processos reflexivos que promove o encontro com os objetos da cultura popular. Como resultado, entende-se que essa afeição pode processar subjetivamente diferentes experiências de aflição, ligadas às formas que assume a vida social nesses jovens.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Popular Culture , MusicABSTRACT
@#The mind may be examined by using reflective communication which is also known as active listening. We pay attention to the modes, phases and channels of communication; the purposeful use of unusual grammar forms; and we also create discrepancies to destabilize the patient’s mind to get past his conscious mind and seek a deeper unguarded response from him or her. In the reflective communication, we validate, track and pace the patient’s thoughts, emotions and behavior. We express affirmation, empathy and sympathy and connection with the patient by use of mirroring, modelling and metaphors. Reflective communication skillfully used, helps the doctor to examine and understand the patient’s mind, and it also helps the patient to gain insight to his problem.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of active listening and listening effort on the contralateral suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (CSTEOAEs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty eight young adults participated in the study. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) were recorded using ‘linear’ clicks at 60 dB peSPL, in three contralateral noise conditions. In condition 1, TEOAEs were obtained in the presence of white noise in the contralateral ear. While, in condition 2, speech was embedded into white noise at +3, −3, and −9 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and delivered to the contralateral ear. The SNR was varied to investigate the effect of listening effort on the CSTEOAE. In condition 3, speech was played backwards and embedded into white noise at −3 dB SNR. The conditions 1 and 3 served as passive listening condition and the condition 2 served as active listening condition. In active listening condition, the participants categorized the words in to two groups (e.g., animal and vehicle). RESULTS: CSTEOAE was found to be largest in the presence of white noise, and the amount of CSTEOAE was not significantly different between active and passive listening conditions (condition 2 and 3). Listening effort had an effect on the CSTEOAE, the amount of suppression increased with listening effort, when SNR was decreased from +3 dB to −3 dB. However, when the SNR was further reduced to −9 dB, there was no further increase in the amount of CSTEOAE, instead there was a reduction in the amount of suppression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the present study show that listening effort might affect CSTEOAE.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Young Adult , Ear , Noise , Signal-To-Noise RatioABSTRACT
The paper discusses possible applications and limitations of person-centered approach in business education on the case of active listening training for managers. The form of the teaching process is assigned in accordance with the principles of cognitive-behavioral approach to therapy and education. The content is based on the central ideas in person-centered approach. Clear criteria and video feedback allow participants to self-assess their progress in the process of skills acquisition in active listening...
O artigo discute as possíveis aplicações e limitações da abordagem centrada na pessoa no ensino de negócios no caso da formação de escuta ativa para os gestores. A forma do processo de ensino é atribuído de acordo com os princípios da abordagem cognitivo-comportamental para a terapia e educação. O conteúdo é baseado nas idéias centrais na abordagem centrada na pessoa. Critérios claros e feedback de vídeo permitem que os participantes se auto-avaliar seu progresso no processo de aquisição de competências em escuta ativa...
El documento analiza las posibles aplicaciones y limitaciones de la persona enfoque centrado en la educación de negocios en el caso de la formación escucha activa para los directivos. La forma del proceso de enseñanza se asigna de acuerdo con los principios del enfoque cognitivo-conductual a la terapia y la educación. El contenido se basa en las ideas centrales de un enfoque centrado en la persona. Criterios claros y retroalimentación de vídeo permiten a los participantes a autoevaluar sus progresos en el proceso de adquisición de habilidades en la escucha activa...
Subject(s)
Humans , Staff Development , Person-Centered Psychotherapy/educationABSTRACT
A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study was conducted on 4 healthy male and female subjects to investigate brain activation during passive and active listening. Two different experimental conditions were separately used in this study. The first condition requires the subjects to listen to a simple arithmetic instruction (e.g. one-plus-two-plus-three-plus-four) – passive listening. In the second condition, the subjects were given the same series of arithmetic instruction and were required to listen and perform the calculation – active listening. The data were then analysed using the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM5) and the MATLAB 7.4 (R2007a) programming softwares. The results obtained from the fixed (FFX) and random effects analyses (RFX) show that the active-state signal intensity was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the resting-state signal intensity for both conditions. The results also indicate significant differences (p < 0.001) in brain activation between passive and active listening. The activated cortical regions during passive listening, as obtained from the FFX of the first condition is symmetrical in the left and right temporal and frontal lobes covering the cortical auditory areas. However, for the second condition, which was active listening, more activation occurs in the left hemisphere with a reduction in the number of activated voxels and their signal intensity in the right hemisphere. Activation mainly occurs in the middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and several other areas in the frontal lobes. The point of maximum signal intensity has been shifted to a new coordinates during active listening. It is also observed that the magnetic resonance signal intensity and the number of activated voxel in the right and left superior temporal lobes for the second condition have been reduced as compared to that of the first condition. The results obtained strongly suggest the existence of functional specialisation. The results also indicate different networks for the two conditions. These networks clearly pertain to the existence of functional connectivity between activation areas during listening and listening while performing a simple arithmetic task.