ABSTRACT
Aging is a public health issue that is becoming more relevant because eating habits and nutritional status are crucial in the lifestyle of seniors. The purpose of this work was to determine the eating habits, nutritional status, physical activity and lifestyle of active seniors belonging to three organized community groups in Chillán, Chile. This was a quantitative cross-sectional study that included 183 seniors. Eating habits and physical activity data were obtained using the Food-based Dietary Guidelines (Guías Alimentarias Basadas en los Alimentos, GABA). Evaluation of nutritional status was performed by anthropometry and BMI; lifestyle was evaluated with the FANTASTICO questionnaire. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test using STATA 12.0 software at α=0.05. A total of 65% and 32% of seniors had 3 and 4 daily mealtimes, respectively. On average, they consumed 5 portions of fruit and vegetables (60%), 1 portion of dairy products (87%), legumes (95%), and fish (90%). Daily water consumption was 6 to 8 glasses for 46% of seniors and 80% added salt to their meals and 42% did not consume saturated fats. All seniors (100%) had some type of physical activity and 96% classified their lifestyle as good or very good. Their nutritional status was mostly normal (52%) and related to the intake of dairy products (p=0,027). The active participation of seniors in organized community groups is a health-protective factor that promotes healthy lifestyles related to eating, physical activity, and an appropriate nutritional status, all of which stimulate healthy or successful aging.
El envejecimiento es un tema de salud pública cada vez más relevante, siendo los hábitos alimentarios y el estado nutricional fundamentales en el estilo de vida de los adultos mayores (AM). El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional, actividad física y estilo de vida de AM activos pertenecientes a 3 grupos organizados de la comunidad de Chillán. Estudio cuantitativo de corte transversal con una muestra de 183 AM. Los hábitos alimentarios y la actividad física se evaluaron mediante un instrumento basado en las Guías Alimentarias actuales (GABAs). La evaluación del estado nutricional mediante antropometría e IMC y el estilo de vida con el cuestionario FANTASTICO. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva univariada, bivariada y con la prueba de chi-cuadrado en el programa STATA 12.0 con α=0,05. El 65% y 32% de los AM realizaban 3 y 4 tiempos de comida respectivamente. En promedio, consumían 5 porciones de frutas y verduras (60%) y una porción de lácteos el (87%), legumbres (95%), pescados (90%). El 46% consumía 6 a 8 vasos de agua al día. El 80% usaba sal extra y el 42% no consumía grasas saturadas. El 100% realizaba algún tipo de actividad física y el 96% clasificó en estilo de vida bueno y muy bueno. El estado nutricional predominante fue normal (52%), el cual se relacionó con el consumo de lácteos (p= 0,027). La participación social de AM en grupos organizados de la comunidad, es un elemento protector de la salud que promueve estilos de vida saludables relacionados a la alimentación, actividad física y adecuado estado nutricional, favoreciendo un envejecimiento saludable o exitoso.
Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Nutritional Status , Feeding Behavior , Life Style , Healthy AgingABSTRACT
O artigo enfatiza o aprendizado do aluno e a flexibilização do processo educacional, em regra muito centrado no professor. Propõe o desenvolvimento e a oferta, via internet, de módulos autoinstrucionais sobre a fisiologia e fisiopatologia dos vários sistemas orgânicos, enfatizando sua relação com a clínica, a discussão dos principais agravos à saúde da população e a interação do homem com seu meio físico, biológico e social. Tais módulos poderiam atuar como oportunidades de aprendizagem supletiva e núcleo de discussão dos temas por alunos e professores. Propõe a adoção de uma pedagogia híbrida, em que o aluno teria acesso ao conhecimento via internete a oportunidade de aplicá-lo na solução de problemas de saúde de uma população. Admitindo a limitação da formação profissional desenvolvida apenas no hospital de ensino, o autor propõe a participação ativa e comprometida dos alunos, sob supervisão permanente, nos vários níveis de atenção à saúde, atuando na comunidade, unidades de saúde da família, centros integrados de saúde, hospitais secundários e regionais. Essa proposta é particularmente oportuna no momento em que se cogita a criação de novas escolas de Medicina no País.
This article underlines student learning and the flexibilization of the generally teacher-centered educational process. It proposes the development and online provision of self-instructional modules on the physiology and physiopathology of the various organic systems, emphasizing their relationship with clinical practice, discussing the public’s main health problems and man’s interaction with his physical, biologic and social environment. It also proposes the adoption of a hybrid pedagogy in which the students would have access to medical knowledge through the internet, but would have the opportunity to apply this knowledge by working in health services and tackling the health problems of a population. Recognizing the limits of medical training obtained only in teaching hospitals, the author proposes active and committed student participation, under continuous guidance, atthe several levels of health care, from residencies and community work to family health clinics, integrated health centers, secondary and regional hospitals.This proposalis especially timelywith the current consideration being given to the creation of new medical schools in Brazil.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of and problems with the Safe Community Programs in Gangbuk-gu, one of the 25 districts of the capital city of Korea. METHODS: The study subjects were 396 individuals who were involved in Safe Community Programs between 2009 and 2011. We examined the effectiveness and willingness of respondents to participate as a safety leader of the Safe Community Program with a questionnaire. We examined the injury death rates of Gangbuk-gu by using of the death certificate data of Korea's National Statistical Office. Descriptive statistics and chi-squared tests were used. RESULTS: The effectiveness of programs did not differ but active participation differed significantly among subjects (p<0.05). The injury death rate of Gangbuk-gu as a whole increased during the implementation period. However, senior safety, in particular, may be a helpful program for reducing injuries in Gangbuk-gu. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the lack of active participation may be a major problem of Safe Community Programs in Gangbuk-gu. Therefore, Safe Community Programs should be expanded to the entire district of Gangbuk-gu and more active participation programs should be developed.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Community Health Centers , Data Collection , Mortality/trends , Program Evaluation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Republic of Korea , Safety/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Development of public health has had great impact on quality of human life since the Renaissance. Earlier, Rudolph Virchow indicated that medicine is social science, and politics are nothing else than medicine at large scale. In order to achieve healthy country, well designed health care policy is essential. Active participation of health care professionals in politics as well as policy planning is needed for the health and well-being of all people in Korea. Active involvement in health care planning can be social responsibility of health care professionals. In terms of methodology of active participation in health care policy, three folds approaches are suggested. First, to learn more in different field such as politics, public administration, and law. Secondly, to become politician and administrator actively as well as to become active voter. Thirdly, to work as a team of integration to maximize team spirit for the common good.
Subject(s)
Humans , Administrative Personnel , Ceramics , Delivery of Health Care , Jurisprudence , Korea , Politics , Public Health , Social Justice , Social Responsibility , Social SciencesABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar os efeitos tardios de um programa interdisciplinar para pacientes com síndrome de fibromialgia (FM) e comparar esses efeitos com o tratamento tradicional (acompanhamento médico, exames, medicamentos). MÉTODO: O tratamento proposto, denominado Escola Inter-relacional de Fibromialgia (EIF), consiste de um programa interdisciplinar de 11 semanas, com nove encontros com grupos de oito pacientes e dois profissionais da saúde. Trinta mulheres com FM participaram do grupo experimental e outras 30 do grupo-controle. Ambos os grupos foram avaliados em três momentos distintos: antes da EIF, imediatamente após e quatro meses após a alta. As pacientes que constituíam o grupo experimental foram também reavaliadas 12 meses após obterem alta. As variáveis dependentes foram: dor clínica e nível de disposição (ambas adquiridas por escalas visuais analógicas), cinco escalas do inventário multidimensional da dor (gravidade da dor, interferência da dor nas atividades cotidianas, percepção de controle da vida, distúrbios emocionais e suporte familiar/social). RESULTADOS: Com taxa de participação de 97 por cento, as pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram melhora significativa após o tratamento e nas avaliações seguintes. Esta melhora significativa do quadro clínico também foi constatada quando comparada à evolução das pacientes do grupo-controle. Por meio da análise das variâncias (2 × 3) nos dados da amostra tratada, e teste t de Student pareado para a população intent-to-treat, percebe-se que o grupo experimental apresenta redução significativa das dores (todos os p < 0,05). A melhora das pacientes durante o tratamento manteve-se inalterada até um ano após a alta. CONCLUSÃO: O programa da EIF permite a obtenção de melhora significativa e estável na condição clínica das pacientes com FM. Com o artigo, segue discussão sobre estratégias para favorecer a participação ativa das pacientes.
OBJECTIVE: To assess long-term efficacy of an interdisciplinary group intervention of patients with fibromyalgia (FM) as compared with (Canadian) standard medical care. METHODS: The program, called Interactional School of Fibromyalgia (ISF), consists of 9 meetings (during 11 weeks) with eight participants and two facilitators. Sixty women with FM were randomly assigned to one of two groups (ISF or Control group). Outcomes variables were: clincal pain and energy (Visual analogue scale and five Multidimentional Pain Iventory (Pain severtity, Pain iterference, Life control, Affective distress and Support from significant others). These variables were measured at baseline; immediately after the program; 4 months and 1 year later. RESULTS: Efficacy analyses from completers showed a treatment effect on measures even after one year. The aderence of ISF was 97 percent. Analyses of variance (2 × 3) and Intent-to-treat analyses indicate that ISF group experienced lower pain (all ps < 0,05) even at the one year follow up. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the long-term efficacy of this group intervention. Strategies to increase patients' adherence were discuted.