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Objective:To evaluate the dose calculation accuracy of cone-beam CT (CBCT) image by actual measurement method.Methods:CBCT images of 60 patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from September, 2021 to May, 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. CBCT images of full-fan and half-fan scanning of the head, half-fan scanning of the chest and pelvis were obtained by the Varian OBI system. Hounsfield unit - electron density (HU-ED) curves corresponding to the scanning conditions were established with CIRS electron density phantom. The radiotherapy plans were designed on the CBCT images, and the dose calculation results of the detection point were compared with the ionization chamber measurement results to analyze the dose error. Then, three-dimensional dose verification system was adopted to detect the accuracy of the CBCT image radiotherapy plans implementation process in 60 patients, and the accuracy of dose calculation was verified according to the D 99%, D mean, D 1% of target volume, D mean and D 1% of organs at risk (OAR), and the γ pass rate. Results:In point dose detection in phantom, the dose calculation errors of CBCT images in the above four scanning patterns were -1.06%±0.87%、-1.67%±0.86%, 0.91%±0.73%, -1.54%±0.90%, respectively. In dosimetric verification based on patients' CBCT image treatment plan, the mean difference of D mean, D 99%, and D 1% of planning target volume (PTV) in all scanning modes were not higher than 2%, and the D mean and D 1% differences of other OAR were not higher than 3%, except for the lens of patients in the head. The average γ values of target volume and OAR were less than 0.5 under the criteria of 3%/2 mm. Conclusions:Under the condition of correctly establishing HU-ED curves, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) / volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) planning based on CBCT images can be employed to estimate and monitor the actual dose to target volume and OAR in adaptive radiotherapy. Full-fan scanning patterns can further improve the accuracy of dose calculation for the head of patients.
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OBJECTIVE To analyze the implementation of insulin centralized volume-based procurement policy （hereinafter referred to as “centralized procurement”） in our hospital and its effect on the use of insulin products in clinical. METHODS The manufacturer， specifications， usage， sales amount and agreed purchase volume of insulin products in our hospital before （July 4， 2021 to January 3， 2022） and after （July 4， 2022 to January 3， 2023） the centralized procurement were collected. The defined daily dose （DDD） method was used to calculate defined daily doses （DDDs）， defined daily cost （DDC）， the progress of procurement completion and actual cost saving. RESULTS After the centralized procurement， the number of insulin products had increased from 20 to 29 in our hospital； except for the Insulin degludec/aspart injection in our hospital’s original insulin catalog that had not been centrally purchased， all other existing varieties had been included in centralized procurement catalog. The use of Insulin aspart 30 injection produced by Novo Nordisk （China） Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. always ranked the first place in the list of usage and DDDs before and after the centralized procurement. The sales amount of Insulin glargine injection produced by Ganli Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. and Tonghua Dongbao Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. increased significantly due to the significant increase in usage. The centralized procurement of Degu insulin injection from Novo Nordisk （China） Pharmaceutical Co.， Ltd. had achieved a relatively high completion rate in our hospital’s original insulin catalog， while the completion rate for new varieties was low. After the centralized procurement， our hospital actually saved a total of 1 388 582.66 yuan in expenses. CONCLUSIONS After the centralized procurement， the selection and usage of insulin varieties in our hospital are reasonable， which saves patients’ insulin treatment costs， and reduces economic pressure on patients and society.
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Introduction: This study aims to examine the actual conditions of Institutional Research (IR) activities and operations and explore the differences between the items analyzed by the IR organization and those that nursing faculty members would like to compare with other Japanese nursing universities. Method: We conducted a questionnaire survey among 48 nursing universities in Japan (424 instructors) in December 2020. Results: Of the total 116 participants, the number of participants who responded to being aware of both the name and role of IR and having an IR organization in their universities was 51 (44.0%) and 82 (70.7%), respectively. Teaching-related items ranked high in both the items analyzed by the IR organization and those that nursing faculty members would like to compare with other nursing universities. For the survey of admission applicants and graduates, the degree of the desire to be compared with other nursing universities was higher than that of being analyzed by the IR organization (p<0.05). Discussion: Although a greater number of IR organizations are being established, awareness of these remains low within Japanese nursing universities. Additionally, there are differences between the items analyzed by the IR organization and those that nursing faculty members would like to compare with other Japanese nursing universities. Therefore, the goal is to achieve a common understanding of IR activities and operations at each nursing university.
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Objective To establish a new model of indocyanine green (ICG) clearance test combined with total bilirubin actual resident rate (TBARR) for predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) treated with artificial liver support system (ALSS) therapy. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 136 patients with HBV-ACLF who underwent ALSS therapy in Department of Infectious Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, from June 2017 to July 2021, and according to the prognosis at 3-month follow-up, they were divided into survival group with 92 patients and death group with 44 patients. Related indicators were measured at the time of the confirmed diagnosis of ACLF, including biochemical parameters, coagulation, indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR 15 ), and effective hepatic blood flow (EHBF), and related indices were calculated, including Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score, MELD difference (ΔMELD), Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score, total bilirubin clearance rate (TBCR), total bilirubin rebound rate (TBRR), and TBARR. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. A binary logistic regression analysis was used to establish a combined predictive model for the prognosis of HBV-ACLF after ALSS therapy. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used to compare the accuracy of various models in judging the short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF after ALSS therapy, and the Z test was used for comparison of AUC. Results There were significant differences between the death group and the survival group in MELD score, ΔMELD, CTP score, ICGR 15 , EHBF, TBRR, TBARR, neutrophil count, percentage of neutrophils, lymphocyte count, platelet count, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin, albumin, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, prothrombin time activity, prealbumin, fibrinogen, serum sodium, age, and the incidence rate of hepatic encephalopathy (all P 80%. Conclusion The combined predictive model established by ICGR 15 and TBARR has a good value for in predicting the short-term prognosis of patients with HBV-ACLF after ALSS therapy, and the combined predictive model has a better accuracy than the single model in judging prognosis.
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Risk perceptions are crucial in understanding people's thoughts about stroke risk and their preventive health behaviours. Management of risk factors plays a vital role in preventing stroke. This study aimed to identify the perceived and actual risk factors in patients with acute stroke. It was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted in Sri Ramachandra University Hospital, India. A total of 210 in-patients of a stroke unit were included. Patients’ data were obtained by interviewing the patient and /or accompanying family member and by reviewing their medical records using a standard questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The median self-perceived risk factor was three. The most commonly perceived risk factor was hypertension (53.8%), followed by stress, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, alcohol intake, smoking and family history. The perception of risk was low when compared to actual risk (p < 0.016). The patients with coronary heart disease, family history of stroke and congestive heart failure have higher risk of having ischaemic stroke. There was a positive correlation between the actual risk and perceived risk.
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Resumen En este trabajo los mamíferos mayores que habitan en los bosques montanos del departamento de Huánuco son estudiados para determinar la diversidad de especies y el estado actual de sus poblaciones. Se realizaron censos por transecto lineal y entrevistas entre los años 2014 y 2015, en seis sitios de muestreo correspondientes a cinco provincias. De los censos y exploraciones nocturnas se obtuvieron 439 registros pertenecientes a 37 especies; de estas, 4 son endémicas de Perú y 9 se encuentran en alguna categoría de conservación de la Legislación peruana. Los órdenes más representativos correspondieron a los carnívoros y primates con 11 y 10 especies, respectivamente, mientras que los avistamientos más frecuentes fueron de Tremarctos ornatus (43 registros), Nasua nasua (34 registros) y Cuniculus paca (32 registros). Los Índices de diversidad de Shannon-Wiener y de Simpson indican a Miraflores como el sitio de muestreo con más alta diversidad (H'=3.11, 1-D=0.95). La principal amenaza para los mamíferos mayores y otros componentes de la fauna mayor es la deforestación; no obstante, la presencia de especies indicadoras de la comunidad primaria de fauna como Tremarctos ornatus, Lagothrix flavicauda y otros primates, nos indican que todavía existen fragmentos de bosque primario relativamente extensos, en particular entre los ríos Chontayacu y Crisnejas en la provincia de Marañón y entre los ríos Oso mayo y Blanco en la provincia de Puerto Inca, por lo que deben ser tomados en cuenta para su conservación.
Abstract In this work, the larger mammals that inhabit the montane forests of the department of Huánuco are studied to determine the diversity of species and the status of their populations. Linear transect censuses and interviews were conducted between 2014 and 2015 on six sampling sites corresponding to five provinces. 439 records belonging to 37 species were obtained from the censuses and nocturnal explorations. Of these species, 4 are endemic to Peru and 9 are in some conservation category of Peruvian legislation. The most representative orders corresponded to carnivores and primates with 11 and 10 species, respectively, while the most frequent sightings were of Tremarctos ornatus (43 records), Nasua nasua (34 records) and Cuniculus paca (32 records). The Shannon-Wiener and Simpson Diversity Indices indicate Miraflores as the sampling site with the highest diversity (H'=3.11, 1-D=0.95). The main threat to larger mammals and other components of the larger fauna is deforestation; however, the presence of indicator species of the primary fauna community such as Tremarctos ornatus, Lagothrix flavicauda and others primates, indicate that there are still relatively extensive fragments of primary forest, particularly between the Chontayacu and Crisnejas rivers in the province of Marañón and between the Oso mayo and Blanco rivers in the province of Puerto Inca, so they must be taken into account for their conservation.
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RESUMEN La cuestión del empleo de la ventilación mecánica no invasiva es un tema de debate actual. La comunidad médica científica, nacional e internacional, participa activamente en el mismo a través de la publicación de artículos científicos que abordan la complejidad y sutileza de los asuntos relacionados con su indicación como medida de soporte vital a utilizar en determinados enfermos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda o crónica, de diversas etiologías. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo resaltar la necesidad de una reflexión basada en una fundamentación biomédica, científica y humanista sobre el uso de la ventilación mecánica, sustentada en los sólidos principios de la eticidad, para alcanzar soluciones viables y precisas que faciliten un mayor grado de consenso sobre este polémico asunto.
ABSTRACT The question of the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation is a topic of current debate. The scientific national and international medical community takes active part in it through the publication of scientific articles that approach the complexity and subtlety of its indication like a vital support to be used in certain patients with acute or chronic respiratory insufficiency of several different etiologies. The main aim of this work was to stand out the necessity of a reflection based on biomedical, scientific, humanistic grounds on the use of mechanical ventilation sustained on solid ethical principles, to reach viable and precise solutions that facilitate a bigger consent degree on this polemic topic.
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Resumen La presente investigación se basó en la caracterización técnica y productiva del sistema bovino lechero del cantón Bolívar (latitud: -0.841025 longitud: -80.1667) perteneciente a la provincia de Manabí, con el objetivo de realizar el levantamiento de información del estado actual del mismo. Para esto, se conoció el número total de socios activos en ASOGABO (Asociación de Ganaderos del Cantón Bolívar) y se realizó el cálculo de la muestra (10 socios), seguidamente se diseñó un cuestionario, una ficha (aplicada durante 7 días a la hora del ordeño) y se tomó como referencia una lista de verificación del MAGAP. Mediante aquellas herramientas se logró conocer que, en la mayoría de las fincas, la cantidad de leche obtenida es baja en relación a la región Sierra, así mismo, se estableció que finca, grupo genético y tiempo de lactancia influyen estadísticamente en la producción lechera. Por otra parte, se determinó que ninguna finca cumplía con los requisitos establecidos por las buenas prácticas pecuarias en la producción de leche, destacándose tres aspectos como los principales problemas (infraestructura, alimentación y manejo del ordeño).
Abstract This research was based on the technical and productive characterization of the dairy cattle system in the Bolívar canton (latitude: -0.841025 longitude: -80.1667) of the province of Manabí, in order to gather information on its current status. For this, the total number of active members of ASOGABO (Cattlemen's Association of Canton Bolivar) was known and the sample was calculated (10 members), then a questionnaire was designed, a card (applied during 7 days at milking time) and a MAGAP checklist was used as a reference. Using these tools, it was found that, in most of the farms, the amount of milk obtained is low in relation to the Sierra region, and it was also established that farm, genetic group and lactation time have a statistical influence on milk production. In addition, it was determined that none of the farms complied with the requirements established by good livestock practices for milk production, and three aspects were identified as the main problems (infrastructure, feeding and milking management).
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Este artigo origina-se da inquietação dos autores diante dos debates em torno da adolescência atual. Partindo de três filmes lançados em 2016 (Raw, Demônio de neon e Mate-me por favor), propomos um debate sobre o atual da adolescência como aquilo que não cessa de não se escrever. Em termos metodológicos, consideramos os momentos em que assistimos aos filmes como um sonho recorrente e seus relatos como uma "elaboração secundária", onde rearranjamos seus significantes. Observamos, assim, alguns temas transversais: um jogo escópico frequentemente aprisionado em uma dimensão especular, canibalismo e a presença de um gozo erótico mórbido. Por fim, enlaçamos esses elementos com o intuito de formular uma pergunta: a proliferação de discursos sobre a adolescência consistiria em um esforço, sempre fracassado, de nomear o inominável?
This article concerns the debates about contemporary adolescence. Based on three feature films released in 2016 (Raw, The Neon Demon and Kill me please), it discusses the actual of adolescence, understood as that which does not stop not writing itself. Methodology involves considering the moments when we watched the movies as a recurring dream and their narratives as a "secondary elaboration", rearranging their signifiers. As a result, some transversal themes were observed: the capture of the subject in his own specular image, cannibalism and morbid-erotic jouissance. Finally, we connect these elements to formulate the following question: would the proliferation of discourses about adolescence be an ever-failed effort to name something that cannot be named?
Cet article découle de l'inquiétude des auteurs face aux débats autour de l'adolescence actuelle. À partir de trois films sortis en 2016 (Grave, The Neon Demon et Tue-moi, s'il te plaît), nous proposons un débat sur l'actuel de l'adolescence comme ce qui ne cesse pas de ne pas s'écrire. En termes méthodologiques, nous considérons les moments où nous regardons les films comme un rêve récurrent et leurs narratives comme une "élaboration secondaire", ce qui nous permet de réorganiser leurs signifiants. Nous observons ainsi quelques thèmes transversaux: un jeu scopique souvent piégé dans une dimension spéculaire, le cannibalisme et la présence d'une jouissance érotique morbide. Enfin, nous lions ces éléments pour poser une question: la prolifération des discours sur l'adolescence consisterait-elle en une tentative toujours vaine de nommer l'innommé?
Este artículo surge de la inquietud de los autores frente a los debates relacionados a la adolescencia actual. A partir de tres películas lanzadas en 2016 (Voraz, El demonio neón y Mátame por favor), proponemos un debate sobre lo actual de la adolescencia como aquello que no deja de no escribirse. En términos metodológicos, consideramos los momentos en que vemos las películas como un sueño recurrente y sus relatos como una "elaboración secundaria", donde reemplazamos sus significantes. De este modo, observamos algunos temas transversales: un juego escópico a menudo atrapado en una dimensión especular, canibalismo y presencia de un goce erótico mórbido. Finalmente, enlazamos estos elementos para hacer una pregunta: ¿La proliferación de discursos sobre la adolescencia consistiría en un intento,siempre fallido, de nombrar lo innombrable?
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La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad autoinmune, sistémica, crónica, que afecta con más frecuencia a mujeres que a hombres, y se observa predominantemente en ancianos. El propósito de este trabajo es presentar el resultado de una revisión bibliográfica sobre aspectos generales relacionados con la patogenia de la artritis reumatoide y el manejo terapéutico actual, así como perspectivas futuras de nuevos enfoques terapéuticos. Existen dos subtipos principales de artritis reumatoide según la presencia o ausencia de anticuerpos antiproteína citrulinada. La citrulinación es catalizada por la enzima peptidilarginina-deiminasa dependiente de calcio, que cambia una arginina cargada positivamente a una citrulina polar, pero neutra como resultado de una modificación postraduccional. Este estudio se enfoca en el subconjunto de artritis reumatoide positivo para anticuerpos antiproteína citrulinada y se divide la progresión del proceso de artritis reumatoide en varias etapas. Cabe mencionar que estas etapas pueden ocurrir de forma secuencial o simultánea. Se requiere con urgencia una mejor comprensión de cómo los mecanismos patológicos impulsan el deterioro del progreso de la artritis reumatoide en los individuos con el fin de desarrollar terapias que tratarán eficazmente a los pacientes en cada etapa del progreso de la enfermedad(AU)
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that arises more frequently in women than in men, and is predominantly observed in the elderly. To present the result of a bibliographic review on general aspects related to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and current therapeutic management, as well as future perspectives of new therapeutic approaches. There are two main subtypes of rheumatoid arthritis according to the presence or absence of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. Citrullination is catalyzed by the calcium-dependent enzyme peptidylarginine deiminase, which changes a positively charged arginine to a polar but neutral citrulline as a result of post-translational modification. This work focuses on the anti-citrullinated protein antibodies -positive rheumatoid arthritis subset and divides the progression of the rheumatoid arthritis process into several stages. It should be mentioned that these stages can occur sequentially or simultaneously. A better understanding of how pathological mechanisms drive the deterioration of rheumatoid arthritis progression in individuals is urgently required in order to develop therapies that will effectively treat patients at each stage of disease progression(AU)
Subject(s)
HumansABSTRACT
El trabajo expone los resultados de la primera etapa del proyecto de investigación titulado "El estatuto del duelo en la clínica actual" cuyo objetivo general es indagar la incidencia de la época en los procesos de duelo. Las situaciones de pérdida suelen desencadenar lo que se conoce como estados de duelo. Este proceso se encuentra enmarcado por determinados ritos, ceremonias y regulaciones que ofrece la cultura y que ayudan a la elaboración del dolor. ¿Qué vías encuentra hoy el doliente frente a una sociedad que ya no le brinda los tradicionales rituales funerarios? Se realizó una búsqueda, revisión y análisis de la bibliografía relacionada con la problemática. Se han podido identificar cuatro ejes que organizan los desarrollos conceptuales encontrados: una dimensión intrapsíquica, una dimensión sobre los factores que dificultan el duelo, una dimensión vincular y una dimensión sociocultural. En términos generales se observa una considerable reiteración de ideas, conceptos y autores citados. Asimismo se destaca la escasez de nuevos desarrollos basados en la experiencia clínica. Puede pensarse que la subjetividad de nuestra época encuentra, a pesar de sus dificultades, nuevas vías de procesamiento del dolor
This paper exposes partial results of the investigation entitled ¨The statute of the mourning in the current clinic whose general aim is to examine the incidence of the mourning process, actually. The lost situation implies what we acknowledge such as mourning. This process which is being implemented by religious rituals, ceremonies and regulations that different culture offers, helps in the elaboration of the pain. If the Society doesn´t provide funeral rites, instead, which way we think that the grieving person could find? We search and make a revision from the bibliography related with this problematic. It could be able to identify four main axes which developer the concepts that we found: an intrapsychic dimension, a dimension about the factors that difficult the mourning, a vincular dimension and a sociocultural dimension. In general terms we notice the same ideas and concepts from the different authors. We emphasize the absence of new development bases on the clinical experience. It could think that subjectivity of this times, finds in spite of difficulties, new ways of processing the pain
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Humans , Funeral Rites , Psychoanalysis , GriefABSTRACT
El presente artículo intentará realizar un recorrido sobre la posmodernidad como una nueva forma de ver la estética y un nuevo orden de interpretar los valores y las formas de relación. Se plantearán las perspectivas abordadas por diversos autores contemporáneos quienes darán cuenta de las nuevas modalidades de vinculación y los efectos sociales y subjetivos que el discurso capitalista conlleva junto a las lógicas del mercado y el universo digital. Se realizará una lectura sobre la psicopatología actual y los efectos que la misma conlleva. Partiendo de una precariedad simbólica propia de la época, se observarán modalidades de presentación clínica que aumentan las prácticas solitarias que no llaman al Otro, produciendo efectos en las subjetividades actuales, los vínculos y las modalidades de abordarlas. Por último, se profundizará en el discurso analítico desde una perspectiva de orientación por lo real como modalidad de abordar aquello que queda por fuera del sentido desde una apuesta al deseo y a la transferencia como modalidad de estrategia, para poder reintroducir aquello que el discurso capitalista rechaza en cuanto al amor
This article aims to explain the concept of postmodernity as a new way of looking at aesthetics and a new order of interpreting values and forms of relationship. The perspectives addressed by various contemporary authors of this era will be raised who will give an account of the new modalities of linking, the social and subjective effects that capitalist discourse entails along with the logic of the market and the digital universe. A reading will be made about the psychopathology of the time and the effects that it entails. Starting from a symbolic precariousness of the time, clinical presentation modalities will be observed that increase solitary practices that do not call the Other, producing effects on current subjectivities, links and modalities of addressing them. Finally, the analytical discourse will be deepened from a perspective of orientation for the real as a modality to address what is left out of the sense and a perspective in which desire and transfer are strategic modalities in order to reintroduce what capitalist discourse reject as for love
Este artigo tentará fazer um tour pela pós-modernidade como uma nova maneira de olhar a estética e uma nova ordem de interpretação de valores e formas de relacionamento. Serão levantadas as perspectivas abordadas por vários autores contemporâneos desta época que darão conta das novas modalidades de vinculação e dos efeitos sociais e subjetivos que o discurso capitalista acarreta com a lógica do mercado e do universo digital. Será feita uma leitura sobre a psicopatologia da época e os efeitos que ela acarreta. Partindo de uma precariedade simbólica da época, observam-se modalidades de apresentação clínica que ampliam práticas solitárias que não chamam o Outro, produzindo efeitos sobre as subjetividades atuais, vínculos e modalidades de enfrentamento. Finalmente, o discurso analítico será aprofundado a partir de uma perspectiva de orientação para o real como modalidade para abordar o que é deixado de fora de um compromisso de desejo e transferência como modalidade de estratégia para poder reintroduzir o que o discurso capitalista rejeita quanto ao amor
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Humans , Male , Female , Psychoanalysis , Psychology , Psychopathology , Postmodernism , Esthetics , HappinessABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: El surgimiento y desarrollo de la seguridad biológica están estrechamente relacionados con la evolución de la microbiología debido al interés mundial en las infecciones adquiridas en los laboratorios. Objetivo: Evaluar el estado actual de la bioseguridad y la importancia de su correcta implementación. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sobre bioseguridad en las bases de datos Springer, Willey Online Library y Pubmed en el período entre Enero 2010-Julio 2020. Resultados: La bioseguridad es un problema complejo que cambia sobre la base de interacciones entre humanos, microorganismos, factores ambientales, tensiones políticas y socioeconómicas. Su gestión se base en la aplicación de principios básicos como cultura de seguridad biológica, percepción del riesgo biológico, procedimientos sobre bioseguridad ajustados a cada entidad y capacitación entre otros. En la actualidad, bioseguridad es seguridad de la vida. Sobre esta base se comentan algunos artículos sobre SARS-CoV-2 y la importancia de la bioseguridad para el control del virus. Finalmente, se presentan datos sobre los sistemas de bioseguridad en Cuba y en Canadá. Consideraciones finales: La bioseguridad es tema de interés mundial, pero en su aplicación existen todavía deficiencias que incrementan el riesgo biológico y las posibilidades de infecciones en el personal, la comunidad y el medio ambiente. A finales de 2019 con la pandemia del COVID-19 quedó demostrado que la principal arma para controlar el virus, hasta el momento, consiste en la correcta implementación y cumplimiento de protocolos de bioseguridad.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The emergence and development of biological safety are closely related to the evolution of microbiology, due to the worldwide interest in laboratory acquired infections. Objective: Evaluate the current status of biosafety and the importance of its correct implementation. Methods: A search was conducted about biosafety in the databases Springer, Willey Online Library and Pubmed in the period January 2010-July 2020. Results: Biosafety is a complex problem that varies in keeping with inter-personal interactions, microorganisms, environmental factors, and political and economic tensions. Its management is based on the application of basic principles such as biological safety culture, biological risk perception, biosafety procedures adjusted to each institution, and professional training, among others. In the current context, biosafety is life safety. On the basis of this premise, comments are made on several papers about SARS-CoV-2 and the importance of biosafety to control the virus. Data are also presented about the biosafety systems of Cuba and Canada. Final considerations: Biosafety is a topic of worldwide interest, but deficiencies are still found in its application which increase biological risk and the possibilities of infections in the health personnel, the community and the environment. At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic made evident that the main tool to control the virus so far is the correct implementation of and compliance with biosafety protocols.
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A questionnaire survey was conducted on the actual state of manufacturing homemade pill preparations. Of the 14 facilities that responded, there were 4 pharmacies producing pills of only one type and 4 pharmacies producing more than 11 types. There were 7 facilities for handmade, manufacturing, 5 facilities for machinery manufacturing, and 2 facilities for handmade and/or machinery. The manufacturing process consists of about 9 steps, and it is possible to do it in 2-3 hours if considering just the time to make the pills, but it requires several days or more including preparation, machine cleaning, maintenance, etc. Based on the above, it seems that the current technical fees for pill manufacturing are extremely low.
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Resumen El objetivo De este artículo es visibilizar y cuantificar la dificultad analítica que se presenta al momento de interpretar los índices de criminalidad, debido al rezago temporal del registro en el instante en que se comete el delito y la fecha de ingreso de la denuncia. Ese rezago temporal genera un sesgo benévolo en la medición del crimen y la interpretación criminal para la toma de decisiones, cuando se comparan periodos parciales (años anteriores y vigencia actual). La metodología Utilizada es exploratoria con un enfoque cuantitativo en el tratamiento de los datos registrados desde el año 2005 hasta el 2018, y consolidados en los sistemas Penal Oral Acusatorio (SPOA) de la Fiscalía General de la Nación y de Información Estadístico Delincuencial, Contravencional y Operativo (SIEDCO) de la Policía Nacional de Colombia. Para el análisis se compararon los datos de los delitos de homicidio, hurto, lesiones personales, violencia intrafamiliar y delitos sexuales durante los primeros cuatro y cinco meses de cada periodo anual con los siguientes meses del año. Como Resultado Se evidenció que el rezago temporal promedio en los homicidios fue del 2,85%; en el hurto del 11,8%; en las lesiones personales del 12,7%; en la violencia intrafamiliar del 18,9% y en los delitos sexuales del 30,5%.
Abstract The purpose Of this article is to visualize and quantify the analytic difficulty that arises in interpreting crime indicators due to the time lag between the time when the crime took place and the date on which the crime report was filed2. This time lag creates a lenient bias in crime measurement and interpretation for decision-making effects when time periods are compared (previous periods against the current period). The methodology Used is exploratory with a quantitative approach in the treatment of data recorded from 2005 to 2018, and consolidated in the Oral Criminal Prosecution System (SPOA, for the Spanish original) of the National Prosecutor's Office (Fiscalía) and in the Crime, Infraction and Operations Statistical System (SIEDCO, for the Spanish original) of the National Police of Colombia. Data on the crimes of homicide, theft, personal injuries, intra-family violence and sexual crimes during the first four and five months of each annual period were compared to the data from the subsequent months of the year. As a result It was found that the average time lag was 2.85% for homicides; 11.8% for theft; 12.7% for personal injuries; 18.9% for intra-family violence and 30.5% for sexual crimes.
Resumo O objetivo Deste artigo é tornar visível e quantificar a dificuldade analítica que surge na interpretação dos índices de criminalidade, devido à defasagem temporal do registro no momento em que o crime é cometido e na data de apresentação da denúncia3. Esse lapso temporal gera um viés benevolente na medição e interpretação do crime para a tomada de decisões, quando são comparados períodos parciais (anos anteriores e validade atual). A metodologia Utilizada é exploratória com abordagem quantitativa no tratamento dos dados registados de 2005 a 2018, e consolidados no sistema Penal Oral Acusatório (SPOA) da Procuradoria Geral da Nação e no sistema de Informação Estatístico Delinquencial, Contravencional e Operativo (SIEDCO) da Polícia Nacional da Colômbia. Para a análise foram comparados os dados dos crimes de homicídio, furto, lesões pessoais, violência doméstica e crimes sexuais durante os primeiros quatro e cinco meses de cada período anual com os meses seguintes do ano. Como resultado Constatou-se que a média do lapso temporal nos homicídios foi de 2,85%; no furto de 11,8%; nas lesões pessoais de 12,7%; na violência doméstica de 18,9% e nos crimes sexuais foi de 30,5%.
Subject(s)
Humans , Crime , Politics , Theft , CriminalsABSTRACT
RESUMEN: La relevancia de las ciencias básicas como predictor de rendimiento académico presenta gran importancia en el área de la salud. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el rol predictivo del desempeño de los estudiantes de Odontología en la asignatura de Morfología sobre las asignaturas de alto crédito en la fase preclínica y clínica, y sobre el tiempo real de titulación. Se llevó a cabo un estudio correlacional retrospectivo, con 672 estudiantes de Odontología (2002 a 2012) de la Universidad de los Andes, Chile. Las variables estudiadas fueron sexo, año de ingreso y de titulación, y rendimiento académico en las asignaturas de Morfología (primer año), Preclínico del Adulto (tercer año), y Clínica Integral del Adulto de cuarto y quinto año. El rol predictivo se analizó mediante pruebas de correlaciones de Pearson y análisis de ecuaciones estructurales. Se observó que el rendimiento académico de Morfología se asocia y predice de forma significativamente positiva el rendimiento académico en Preclínico del Adulto (r=0,25 p<,01, b=0,250 p<,001), Clínica del Adulto de cuarto año (r=0,20 p<,01, b=0,198 p<,001) y Clínica del Adulto de quinto año (r=0,14 p<,01, b=0,138 p<,001), y se asoció y predijo de forma significativamente negativa el tiempo real de Titulación (r=-0,48 p<,01, b=-0,258 p<,001). El modelo de rendimiento académico de la asignatura de Morfología y su influencia sobre las otras asignaturas explicó un 68,5 % de varianza en el tiempo real de titulación. Los resultados de este estudio contribuyen a robustecer la evidencia disponible en relación a la relevancia del estudio y buen desempeño en Morfología para el desarrollo y formación de los estudiantes a lo largo del currículo Odontológico, además de justificar la identificación oportuna y apoyo para aquellos estudiantes que estén experimentando dificultades en esta asignatura.
SUMMARY: The relevance of basic sciences as predictors of students' academic performance has great impact in healthcare education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the predictive role of dental students' academic performance in the subject of Morphology on high credit subjects in the preclinical and clinical phase, and on real time of graduation. A retrospective correlational study was conducted with 672 dental students (2002 to 2012) at the Universidad de los Andes, Chile. The variables studied were sex, year of admission and graduation, and academic performance in the subjects of Morphology (first year), Preclinics (third year), and Integral Adult Clinics of fourth and fifth year. Data analysis were conducted by means of Pearson's correlation tests and structural equation modeling. Morphology academic performance was significantly associated, and predicted the academic performance in Adult Preclinical (r=0.25 p<.01, b=0.250 p<.001), fourth-year Adult Clinic (r=0.20 p<.01, b=0.198 p<.001) and fifth-year Adult Clinic (r=0.14 p<.01, b=0.138 p<.001), and was negatively with real graduation time. The model analyzed explained a 68.5 % variance in real time of the graduation. The results of this study contribute to strengthening the available evidence in relation to the relevance of students' performance in the subject of Morphology for their development and training throughout the dental curriculum, as well as justifying the timely identification and support for those students experiencing difficulties in this subject.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Students, Dental , Education, Dental , Academic Performance , Time Factors , Sex Factors , Multivariate Analysis , Retrospective Studies , Curriculum , Latent Class AnalysisABSTRACT
Background: Prenatal estimation of birth-weight is of utmost importance to predict the mode of delivery. This is also an important parameter of antenatal care. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of estimated fetal weight by ultrasound, compared with actual birth weight.Methods: This was a prospective and comparative study comprising 110 pregnant women at term. Patients who had their sonography done within 7 days from date of delivery were included. Fetal weight was estimated by Hadlock 2 formula, the software of which was preinstalled in ultrasound-machine. The estimated fetal weight was compared to the post-delivery birth-weight. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and the accuracy of sonographic fetal weight estimation was evaluated using mean error, mean absolute error, mean percentage error, mean absolute percentage error and proportion of estimates within 10% of actual birth weight.Results: Mean estimated and actual birth weights were 3120.8±349.4 gm and 3088.2±404.5 g respectively. There was strong positive correlation between estimated fetal weight and actual birth weight (r = 0.58, p<0.001). The mean percentage error and mean absolute percentage error of ultrasound fetal weight estimations were 1.96±11.8% and 8.7±8.2% respectively. The percentage of estimates within ±10% of the actual birth weight was found to be 67.3%. In 23% of the cases, ultrasound overestimated the birth weight. In 13% of the cases, ultrasound underestimated the birth weight.Conclusions: There was strong positive correlation between actual and sonographically estimated fetal weight. So, ultrasonography can be considered as useful tool for estimating the fetal weight for improving the perinatal outcome.