Rotura aguda de prótesis valvular aórtica biológica Biocor® seis años después de su implante: reporte de un caso / Acute rupture a a Biocor® aortic valve prosthesis six years after implantation

Resumen: Un hombre de 66 años portador de una prótesis valvular aórtica SJM Biocor® (Saint Jude Medical, St Paul, Minn), instalada 6 años antes, se presentó con disnea severa de rápida instalación. Mediante ecocardiografía de superficie y transesofágica se demostró insuficiencia aórtica masiva y el paciente fue reintervenido con éxito. En la operación se observó un desprendimiento parcial de la inserción del velo coronario izquierdo al anillo protésico. No había endocarditis. Se implantó una nueva prótesis biológica Trifecta® (Saint Jude Inc, St Paul, Minn) N°27. La evolución precoz y a 2 años de la intervención es muy satisfactoria.

Abstract A 66 year-old man with a SJM Biocor® (Saint Jude Medical, St Paul, Minn) implanted 6 years before developed unexpected severe dyspnea. Surface and transesophageal echocardiograms confirmed severe aortic regurgitation. The patient was rapidly re operated on. There was a partial detachment of the left coronary leaflet form the valve annulus. There was no evidence of endocarditis. A new valve (Trifecta® (Saint Jude Inc, St Paul, Minn) N°27). was inserted. Clinical course has been uneventful up to two years post surgery.

Acute Aortic Regurgitation and Low Cardiac Output Syndrome due to Avulsion of the Aortic Valve Commissure: A Case Report / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 73-year-old woman presented with epigastric discomfort and lightheadedness. She was admitted to another hospital with congestive heart failure due to severe aortic and mitral regurgitation. However, her heart failure was refractory to medical treatment, necessitating transfer to our hospital for surgical treatment. Emergency surgery was performed for worsening heart failure after admission to our hospital. Intraoperative findings showed aneurysms of the ascending aorta and aortic root and avulsion of the aortic valve commissure between the right coronary and non-coronary cusps. Replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic root replacement using the Florida sleeve method as well as double valve replacement (mitral and aortic) were performed with a favorable outcome. Histopathological examination showed myxomatous degeneration, which suggested that it could have contributed to avulsion of the aortic valve commissure.

Acute Aortic Regurgitation due to Rupture of an Aortic Valve Commissure / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

Here, we report a patient who underwent surgery for acute aortic regurgitation (AR) due to rupture of an aortic valve commissure. The patient was a 51-year-old man who had undergone ascending aorta replacement for acute type A aortic dissection 6 years previously. He presented with a 2-day-history of headache and insomnia. Echocardiography showed only AR initially. However, 2 days later, a vegetation-like mass was noted at the aortic valve commissure on transesophageal echocardiography. We diagnosed AR associated with infective endocarditis, and decided to perform aortic valve replacement immediately. During surgery, we found that the cause of AR was rupture of the aortic valve commissure without infection. The cause of rupture in this case was suspected to be traumatic or myxomatous degeneration.

Insuficiencia aórtica aguda por endocarditis infecciosa / Acute aortic regurgitation due to infective endocarditis

La insuficiencia aórtica aguda (IAOA) por endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es grave y generalmente requiere tratamiento quirúrgico. Se compararon los pacientes con IAOA grave por EI e insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) en clase funcional I-II NYHA (G1) con los pacientes en clase funcional III-IV (G2) en relación a características clínicas, ecocardiográficas, microbiológicas y evolución hospitalaria y se evaluaron los predictores de mortalidad, en un centro de alta complejidad. Desde 06/92 a 07/16, de 439 pacientes con EI, 86 presentaron IAOA: (G1, 39: 45.4% y G2, 47: 54.7%). El G1 presentó mayor EI protésica (43.6% vs. 17.0%; p < 0.01). Los 47 casos G2 presentaban disnea vs. 12 (30.8%) G1 (p < 0.0001). No hubo diferencias en cuanto a las características clínicas, ecocardiográficas y microbiológicas. El tratamiento quirúrgico fue principalmente por extensión de la infección y/disfunción valvular en el G1 y por IC en el G2. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue del 15.4% vs. 27.7% (G1 y G2 respectivamente, p NS). Fueron predictores en el análisis multivariado: la infección intrahospitalaria (p 0.001), los hemocultivos negativos (p 0.004) y la presencia de IC clase funcional III-IV (p 0.039).Una quinta parte de los pacientes con EI presentaron IAOA. Aquellos con IC grave requirieron tratamiento quirúrgico de emergencia y con IC con clase funcional I-II requirieron cirugía por extensión de la infección y/o disfunción valvular. La mortalidad quirúrgica y hospitalaria continúan siendo elevadas en ambos grupos y fueron predictores de mortalidad hospitalaria: la infección intrahospitalaria, los hemocultivos negativos y la IC avanzada.

Acute aortic regurgitation (AAR) due to infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease and usually requires surgical treatment. Our study aims to compare the clinical, echocardiographic, and microbiological characteristics as well as in-hospital outcome of patients with AAR according to the severity of heart failure (HF) and to evaluate predictors of in-hospital mortality in a tertiary centre. In a prospective analysis, we compared patients with NYHA functional class I-II HF (G1) vs. functional class III-IV HF (G2). From 06/92 to 07/16, 439 patients with IE were hospitalized; 86 presented AAR: (G1, 39: 45.4% y G2, 47: 54.7%). The G1 had higher prosthetic IE (43.6% vs. 17%, p 0.01). All G2 patients had dyspnoea vs. 30.8% of the G1 (p < 0.0001). There were no differences in clinical, echocardiographic and microbiological characteristics. Surgical treatment was indicated mainly due to infection extension or valvular dysfunction in G1 and HF in G2. In-hospital mortality was 15.4% vs. 27.7% (G1 and G2 respectively p NS). In multivariate analysis, health care-associated acquisition (p 0.001), negative blood cultures (p 0.004), and functional class III-IV HF (p 0.039) were in-hospital mortality predictors. One-fifth of the patients with EI had AAR. Half of them had severe HF which needed emergency surgery and the remaining needed surgery for extension of the infection and / or valvular dysfunction. Both groups remain to have high surgical and in-hospital mortality. Health care-associated acquisition, negative blood cultures and advanced HF were predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Insuficiencia aórtica aguda por ruptura espontánea de una sigmoidea aórtica: Reporte de nueve casos / Acute aortic regurgitation due to spontaneous rupture of an aortic sigmoid: Report of nine cases / Insuficiência aórtica aguda devida à ruptura espontânea de uma cúspide aórtica: Relato de nove casos

Introducción. La regurgitación valvular aórtica tiene diversos mecanismos, formas de presentación y etiología. La causa de ruptura espontánea es muy rara, la literatura se limita a casos aislados. Objetivo. Evaluar la correlación clínico-patológica de la ruptura o fenestración o eversión valvular aórtica espontánea y sus formas de presentación. Materiales. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de 9 pacientes, con aparición de nuevo soplo diastólico, 7 hombres de 28, 36, 42, 53, 56 y dos de 58 años, 2 mujeres de 66 y 75 años; quienes ingresaron por mayor deterioro de su clase funcional (CF) según New York Heart Association (NYHA). Resultados. La forma de presentación fue con mayor deterioro de la CF en los pacientes más jóvenes (CF III/ lV NYHA). El eco-Doppler cardíaco mostró: a) leve a moderada degeneración mixomatosa de la válvula aórtica (VAo), trivalva en 8 pacientes y bicúspide en uno. b) La cúspide aórtica evertida fue la valva coronariana derecha en 8 pacientes y en un paciente, masculino, la sigmoidea izquierda; en todos con ruptura y amplia protrusión o fenestración en tracto de salida del ventrículo izquierdo. c) Severa insuficiencia valvular aórtica (IAo). d) Dilatación de cavidad izquierda y moderada a severa disfunción sistólica. e) Válvula mitral con leve degeneración mixomatosa sin prolapso. f) Hipertensión pulmonar moderada. f) No se identificaron vegetaciones valvulares y no hubo signos de endocarditis aguda o curada en todos los pacientes. Se derivó a cirugía al 100% de los pacientes, 1 óbito post quirúrgico inmediato (11,1%), 2 óbitos en prequirúrgico (22,2%) y 3 pacientes con cirugías exitosas (33,3%), se desconoce evolución del resto. Conclusiones. 1) La patogénesis de la afección puede ser mixomatosis de una cúspide y del anillo aórtico. En el 88,8% de los casos la ruptura correspondió a la valva coronariana derecha. 2) La fenestración extensa de una cúspide valvular aórtica, de causa degenerativa puede causar IAo moderada-severa y disfunción sistólica del ventrículo izquierdo después de la ruptura de una cúspide valvular. 3) Dicha ruptura no infecciosa y no traumática de una VAo puede resultar además en una IAo aguda severa, particularmente, en hombres con hipertensión arterial crónica.

Antecedents. Aortic valvular regurgitation has diverse mechanisms, forms of presentation and etiology. The cause like spontaneous rupture is very rare and literature is limited isolated reports of cases. Objective. To evaluate the clinic pathological correlation of rupture or fenestration or eversion spontaneous aortic valve and its presentation. Materials. Observational, retrospective study of 9 patients with new onset diastolic murmur, 7 men of 28, 36, 42, 53, 56 and two of 58 years and 2 women of 66 and 75 years; who they were admitted for further deterioration of the New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA FC). Results. The mode of presentation was to further deterioration of the FC in younger patients (NYHA FC III/IV). Doppler echocardiography color showed: a) mild to moderate myxomatous degeneration of the aortic valve, tricuspid in 8 patients and one bicuspid; b) the everted aortic cusp was the right coronary cusp in 8 patients and in one patient, male, left sigmoid; all with break and wide fenestration protrusion or outflow tract of the left ventricle; c) severe aortic regurgitation; d) dilated left cavity and moderate to severe systolic dysfunction; e) mitral valve myxomatous degeneration with mild without prolapse; f) moderate pulmonary hypertension; f) no valvular vegetations were identified and there were no signs of acute or cured endocarditis in all patients. It was referred to surgery 100% of patients 1 immediate post operative death (11.1%), 2 deaths in pre-surgical (22.2%) and 3 patients with successful surgeries (33.3%), evolution is unknown the other patients. Conclusions. 1) The pathogenesis of this one affection would be the mixomatosis of cusp and the ring to valvular aortic. In 88.8% of cases he corresponded to rupture the right coronary cusp. 2) A fenestrated cusp in extensive form with an expanded aortic ring of degenerative cause can cause chronic insufficiency or sudden deterioration after the rupture of a one cusp valvular. 3) No infectious and no traumatic rupture of cord-like aortic valve structures may result in severe acute aortic regurgitation. Particularly in men with chronic hypertension.

Introdução. A regurgitação valvular aórtica tem diversos mecanismos, formas de apresentação e etiologia. A causa da ruptura espontânea é muito rara, a literatura é limitada á casos isolados. Objetivo. Avaliar a correlação clínico-patológica da ruptura ou fenestração ou eversão da valva aórtica espontânea e sua apresentação. Materiais. Estudo observacional, retrospectivo de 9 pacientes com aparição de novo sopro diastólico, 7 homens de 28, 36, 42, 53, 56 e dois de 58 anos e 2 mulheres de 66 e 75 anos, com insuficiência aórtica grave foram admitidos à maior deterioração da classe funcional da New York Heart Association (CF-NYHA). Resultados. O modo de apresentação foi com maior deterioração da CF-NYHA em os pacientes mais jovens (NYHA CF III/IV). O ecocardiograma com Doppler colorido mostrou: a) leve a moderada degeneração mixomatosa da valva aórtica, tricúspide em 8 pacientes e bicúspide em um; b) a cúspide aórtica fenestrada foi a cúspide coronária direita em 8 pacientes e em um paciente, do sexo masculino, a cúspide esquerda; em todos com ruptura e ampla protrusão ou via de saída do ventrículo esquerdo; c) regurgitação aórtica grave; d) dilatada cavidade esquerda e moderada a grave disfunção sistólica; e) válvula mitral com leve degeneração mixomatosa sem prolapso; f) hipertensão pulmonar moderada; f) não foram identificadas vegetações valvares e não houve sinais de endocardite aguda ou curada em todos os pacientes. A intervenção cirúrgica foi recomendada em todos os casos, dois pacientes morreram no pós-operatório e um paciente morreu no pré-operatório. Conclusões. 1) A patogênese desta doença pode ser mixomatose de uma cúspide e do anel valvar aórtico. Em 88,8% dos casos, a ruptura correspondeu à cúspide coronariana direita. 2) A fenestração extensa de uma cúspide valvar aórtica de causa degenerativa pode causar insuficiência aórtica moderada a grave e disfunção sistólica do ventrículo esquerdo após da ruptura de uma cúspide. 3) Nesta ruptura não infecciosa e não traumática de uma valva aórtica pode resultar na insuficiência aórtica aguda grave. Particularmente em homens com hipertensão arterial crônica.

A Case of Acute Aortic Regurgitation due to Leaflet Dehiscence of the Carpentier-Edwards Pericardial Bioprosthesis 18 Years after Implantation / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 65-year-old man, who had undergone the aortic valve replacement with a Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis (CEP 25 mm) 18 years previously (at age 48), was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of acute heart failure due to acute aortic regurgitation. Redo surgery was performed. The ascending aorta was cross clamped, and cardiac arrest was induced, and aortotomy was done. One of the leaflets of the CEP was entirely collapsed and dislocated to the LV side, which caused acute aortic regurgitation. Although there was no evidence of endocarditis, the other two leaflets of CEP were severely calcified. Aortic valve replacement was performed with a CEP 23 mm. He was discharged in good condition on the 16th post-operative day.

A Case of Acute Aortic Regurgitation due to Leaflet Dehiscence of a Carpentier-Edwards Pericardial Bioprosthesis 16 Years after Implantation / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 39-year-old woman, who had undergone aortic valve replacement with a Carpentier-Edwards pericardial bioprosthesis 16 years previously, was admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of acute heart failure due to acute aortic regurgitation. An emergency operation was undertaken with the patient in a state of shock due to sudden cardiac arrest. The ascending aorta was cross clamped, and cardiac arrest was induced, and aortotomy was done. One of the leaflets of the CEP was entirely collapsed and dislocated to the LV side, which caused acute aortic regurgitation. Although there was no evidence of endocarditis, slight calcification and small perforation of the leaflet of the valve was observed. Aortic valve replacement was performed with a mechanical heart valve but it was impossible to wean from ECC, and therefore we additionally performed mitral valve annuloplasty with a prosthetic ring for moderate mitral regurgitation. After 4 h cardiopulmonary assistance, ECC was successfully withdrawn. She was discharged in a good condition an post operative day 29th.