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Antecedentes: Las Guías Tokio 2018 son un conjunto de directrices médicas actualizadas y reconocidas que ofrecen recomendaciones detalladas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la colangitis aguda, una inflamación aguda de los conductos biliares que puede ser potencialmente grave. Objetivo: Examinar la utilidad de la aplicación de las Guías Tokio 2018 para el diagnóstico y tratamiento en pacientes con Colangitis Aguda ingresados al Hospital Escuela durante 2018-2019. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal, se revisaron 54 expedientes clínicos que registraron datos sociodemográficos, antecedentes personales y patológicos, laboratoriales e imagenológicas. Los resultados se presentaron como frecuencias, porcentajes, promedios y rangos. Resultados: Las Guías de Tokio 2018 (TG18) fueron implementadas en un 94%. La colangitis aguda leve fue más frecuente en 48.1%. La concordancia en la estatificación de los casos según TG18 erró con mayor proporción en las colangitis grado 2 (15% No, 7% Si); la lesión renal siendo la falla orgánica más frecuente 25.9% (14). El manejo antibiótico concordó en el 70.0%. El drenaje biliar se realizó de forma oportuna en 14.0%. La causa más frecuente de colangitis fue la litiasis en un 48.2%. El promedio de hospitalización fue de 5-9 días en 31.5%. El 63.0% (34) de los pacientes egresó mejorado y el 24.0% (13) fallecieron. Conclusión: La utilización de lasTG18 por parte del Hospital Escuela demostró un enfoque en mejorar la precisión del diagnóstico y optimizar la administración de antibióticos. Sin embargo, su eficacia parece comparativamente disminuida cuando se aplica al aspecto fundamental del drenaje de los conductos biliares.
Background: The Tokyo 2018 Guidelines are a set of recognized and up-to-date medical guidelines that provide detailed recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of acute cholangitis, an acute inflammation of the bile ducts that can be potentially serious. Objective: To examine the usefulness of the application of the Tokyo 2018 Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with Acute Cholangitis admitted to the Hospital Escuela during 2018-2019. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study, reviewing 54 clinical records that recorded sociodemographic data, personal and pathological, laboratory and imaging history. Results were presented as frequencies, percentages, means, and ranges. Results: The Tokyo 2018 Guidelines (TG18) were implemented by 94%. Mild acute cholangitis was more frequent in 48.1%. The concordance in the staging of the cases according to TG18 erred with a greater proportion in grade 2 cholangitis (15% No, 7% Yes); kidney injury being the most frequent organic failure 25.9% (14). The antibiotic management agreed in 70.0%. Biliary drainage was performed in a timely manner in 14.0%. The most frequent cause of cholangitis was lithiasis in 48.2%. The average hospitalization was 5-9 days in 31.5%. 63.0% (34) of the patients discharged improved and 24.0% (13) died. Conclusion: The use of TG18 by the Hospital Escuela demonstrated a focus on improving diagnostic accuracy and optimizing the administration of antibiotics. However, its efficacy appears comparatively diminished when applied to the fundamental aspect of bile duct drainage.
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ABSTRACT Background: Acute cholangitis (AC) is a gastro-intestinal emergency associated with significant mortality. Role of change in the levels of inflammatory markers post drainage in predicting outcome in acute cholangitis is uncertain. Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of changes in C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin levels after biliary drainage in relation to outcomes (survival or mortality) at 1 month. Methods A prospective observational study of consecutive adults presenting with AC was performed. At admission and at 48 hours post biliary drainage, procalcitonin and CRP were sent. Results: Between August 2020 till December 2020 we recruited 72 consecutive patients of AC. The median age of the patients was 55 years (range 43-62 years) and 42 (58.33%) were females. Although the delta change in serum procalcitonin (P value<0.001) and CRP (P value<0.001) was significant, it had no bearing on the outcome. Altered sensorium and INR were independently associated with mortality at 1 month. The 30-day mortality prediction of day 0 procalcitonin was measured by receiver operating characteristic analysis which resulted in an area under the curve of 0.697 with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 0.545-0.849. The optimal cut-off of procalcitonin would be 0.57ng/mL with a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 60% respectively to predict mortality. Conclusion: Change in serum procalcitonin and CRP levels at 48 hours post drainage although significant, had no impact on the outcome of acute cholangitis.
RESUMO Contexto: A colangite aguda (CA) é uma emergência gastro-intestinal associada à significativa mortalidade. O papel da mudança nos níveis de marcadores inflamatórios pós drenagem na previsão do desfecho em CA é incerto. Objetivo: Avaliar o valor preditivo das alterações nos níveis de proteína reativa C (PCR) e procalcitonina após drenagem biliar em relação aos desfechos (sobrevida ou mortalidade) em um mês. Métodos Realizou-se estudo observacional prospectivo de adultos consecutivos que apresentam CA. Na admissão e após 48 horas de drenagem biliar, foram analisadas a procalcitonina e a PCR. Resultados Entre agosto de 2020 e dezembro de 2020, foram recrutados 72 pacientes consecutivos de CA. A idade mediana dos pacientes foi de 55 anos (faixa de 43 a 62 anos) e 42 (58,33%) do sexo feminino. Embora a variação delta no soro procalcitonina (valor P<0,001) e PCR (valor P<0,001) tenha sido significativa, não houve influência sobre o resultado. Sensório alterado e INR foram independentemente associados à mortalidade em 1 mês. A previsão de mortalidade de 30 dias no dia 0 da procalcitonina foi medida pela análise característica operacional receptora que resultou em uma área sob a curva de 0,697 com intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%) de 0,545-0,849. O corte ideal de procalcitonina seria de 0,57ng/mL com sensibilidade e especificidade de 80% e 60% respectivamente para prever a mortalidade. Conclusão: A mudança nos níveis de procalcitonina sérica e PCR em 48 horas após a drenagem, embora significativa, não teve impacto no resultado da colangite aguda.
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Objective:To evaluate endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) combined with nasojejunal tube feeding for elderly patients with severe acute cholangitis.Methods:Data of 43 elderly patients with severe acute cholangitis, who received ENBD combined with nasojejunal tube feeding from January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2018 at Affiliated Hangzhou First People′s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed and were included in the observation group, and 43 other patients who received ENBD combined with conventional therapy in the same period were included in the control group with the matching principle of 1∶1. Liver function indices (ALT and AST), nutritional status (Hb, TP and ALB) and inflammation indices (WBC, NEU% and CRP) of the two groups before the operation, 3 days and 7 days of nutritional support after the operation were compared. Adverse reactions (abdominal distention and diarrhea), mortality, hospitalization time and expenses of the two groups were also compared.Results:There were no significant differences in gender composition, mean age, preoperative APACHE-Ⅱ score, NRS2002 score, liver function index, nutritional index, or inflammatory index between the observation group and the control group ( P>0.05). The baseline data of the two groups were comparable. After 3 days of nutritional support, ALT, AST, TP were 21.0 (15.0, 35.5) U/L, 26.0 (21.0, 36.5) U/L, and 64.2±5.2 g/L, respectively in the observation group, and 47.0 (29.5, 82.5) U/L ( P<0.05), 47.0 (29.0, 75.0) U/L ( P<0.05), and 60.5±6.4 g/L ( P<0.05), respectively in the control group. The levels of other indicators were not statistically different at this time point ( P>0.05). At 7 days postoperative nutritional support, ALT, AST, TP, ALB and CRP of the observation group were 22.0 (14.0, 31.5) U/L, 26.0 (20.5, 38.5) U/L, 67.6±5.4 g/L, 34.6±3.7 g/L, and 28.0 (18.5, 35.5) mg/L, respectively, and 43.0 (18.0, 59.5) U/L ( P<0.01), 34.0 (24.0, 60.5) U/L ( P=0.02), 64.5±5.7 g/L ( P=0.01), 31.5±7.0 g/L ( P=0.02), and 34.0 (24.0, 66.5) mg/L ( P<0.05) in the control group. There were no significant differences in the levels of other indicators between the two groups at this time point ( P>0.05). In the observation group, the incidence of diarrhea, abdominal distension, mortality, hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses were 32.6% (14/43), 30.2% (13/43), 9.3% (4/43), 16.0±7.0 days and 40±10 thousand yuan, respectively, and in the control group, the above indicators were 4.7% (2/43) ( P<0.05), 7.0% (3/43) ( P<0.05), 11.6% (5/43) ( P=0.72), 19.3±3.7 days ( P<0.05)) and 53±23 thousand yuan ( P<0.05), respectively. Conclusion:For elderly patients with severe acute cholangitis, enteral nutrition with ENBD can effectively improve the nutritional status, reduce inflammatory reaction, the impact on liver function, and hospital costs, and shorten the hospitalization time, which is suitable for further clinical application.
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Background: Early diagnosis and severity assessment of acute cholangitis is an important means to improve the prognosis of acute cholangitis. Aims: To investigate the clinical value of serum platelet (PLT), D-dimer (D-D) and procalcitonin (PCT) for severity assessment in patients with acute cholangitis. Methods: A total of 96 patients with acute cholangitis were enrolled, and were divided into mild group (n=40), moderate group (n=32), severe group (n=24). Levels of serum PLT, D-D and PCT were compared among the three groups. ROC curve was used to verify the predictive value for the severity assessment of acute cholangitis. Results: The serum levels of D-D and PCT increased with the increase of severity of acute cholangitis, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The serum level of PLT decreased with the increase of severity of acute cholangitis, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that serum levels of D-D, PCT was positively correlated with severity of acute cholangitis, while serum level of PLT was negatively correlated with severity of acute cholangitis (P<0.05). When the cut-off values were 135.6×10
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Acute cholangitis (AC) is a morbid condition with acute inflammation and infection in the bile duct,which meets the diagnostic criteria of sepsis 3.0.AC mortality rate is high without treatment in time,and it is a main disease in emergency department.The occurrence and development of sepsis depend on the regulation of nerve and immunity system,and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway plays an important role in connecting nerve and immune function.The biliary tract is innervated by vagus nerves,which can be excited when the pressure increases in the biliary tract.The research on the role of vagus nerves and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP) in sepsis caused by acute cholangitis is more advantageous than other infectious diseases.
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Acute cholangitis (AC) is a morbid condition with acute inflammation and infection in the bile duct, which meets the diagnostic criteria of sepsis 3.0. AC mortality rate is high without treatment in time, and it is a main disease in emergency department. The occurrence and development of sepsis depend on the regulation of nerve and immunity system, and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway plays an important role in connecting nerve and immune function. The biliary tract is innervated by vagus nerves, which can be excited when the pressure increases in the biliary tract. The research on the role of vagus nerves and cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP) in sepsis caused by acute cholangitis is more advantageous than other infectious diseases.
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Objective To compare the safety and effectiveness of endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage ( ERBD ) and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage ( ENBD ) in treatment of acute cholangitis. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data of 272 patients with acute cholangitis who underwent emergent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP ) in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from January 2009 to June 2017. Patients were divided into ERBD group ( n=143) and ENBD group ( n=129) according to the drainage measures. In the ERBD group, there were 63 cases of gradeⅠ(mild) acute cholangitis, 51 of grade Ⅱ ( moderate) , and 29 of grade Ⅲ ( severe) , and the corresponding cases in the ENBD group were 54, 37 and 38, respectively. The rate of improvement of inflammation, ERCP-related complications and interventions to drainage were compared between the two groups in all patients and each grade. Results The rates of improvement of inflammation in the ERBD group and the ENBD group were 89. 5％ (128/143) and 94. 6％ (122/129), respectively, in overall patients (χ2=2. 399, P=0. 126), 93. 7％ (59/63) and 98. 1％ (53/54), respectively, in grade Ⅰ patients (χ2 =0. 548, P=0. 459), 90. 2％ (46/51) and 94. 6％ (35/37), respectively, in grade Ⅱ patients (χ2=0. 125, P=0. 724), and 79. 3％ (23/29) and 89. 5％ (34/38), respectively, in grade Ⅲ patients (χ2=0. 657, P=0. 418). The incidence of ERCP-related complications in the ERBD group and the ENBD group were 11. 9％ ( 17/143) and 7. 8％ ( 10/129) , respectively, in overall patients (χ2=1. 298, P=0. 225) , 9. 5％ ( 6/63) and 7. 4％( 4/54) , respectively, in grade Ⅰ patients (χ2=0. 006, P=0. 939) , 13. 7％ ( 7/51) and 8. 1％ ( 3/37) , respectively, in grade Ⅱ patients (χ2=0. 230, P=0. 632), and 13. 8％ (4/29) and 7. 9％ (3/38), respectively, in grade Ⅲ patients (χ2=0. 144, P=0. 705) . There were no significant differences in the rate of improvement of inflammation and ERCP-related complications between the two groups. The incidences of interventions to drainage in the ERBD group and the ENBD group were 10. 5％ ( 15/143 ) and 3. 1％(4/129), respectively, in overall patients (χ2=5. 699, P=0. 017), 6. 3％ (4/63) and 1. 9％ (1/54), respectively, in grade Ⅰ patients (χ2 = 0. 548, P = 0. 495 ) , 9. 8％ ( 5/51 ) and 5. 4％ ( 2/37 ) , respectively, in grade Ⅱ patients (χ2=0. 125, P=0. 724), and 20. 7％ (6/29) and 2. 6％ (1/38), respectively, in grade Ⅲ patients (χ2 = 3. 965, P= 0. 046 ) . There were significant differences in the incidence of interventions to drainage between the two groups in overall and gradeⅢpatents. Conclusion ERBD and ENBD are equally safe and effective in treatment of different grades of acute cholangitis, but ENBD can reduce the incidence of interventions to drainage.
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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and explore the risk predictors on mortality in elderly patients with acute cholecystitis and cholangitis.Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of elderly patients hospitalized in the Second Medical Center of General Liberation Army Hospital for acute cholecystitis and cholangitis during 2000 to 2018.Clinical data and risk predictors on mortality were assessed.The patients were stratified into three groups based on age:Ⅰ (65-74 years old),Ⅱ (75-84 years old),and Ⅲ (≥85 years old).Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the predictors of mortality.Results A total of 574 patients were finally enrolled with the mean age 87.6 years including 191 in group Ⅰ,167 in group Ⅱ,and 216 in group Ⅲ.The main cause of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis was gallstone (76.3％),and the main symptom was abdominal pain (62.9％),followed by chills(62.5％),fever(59.8％),jaundice (47.2％) and septic shock(26.3％).Cholecystitis was the most common diagnosis in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ,whereas it was cholangitis in group Ⅲ.Percutaneous transhepatic biliary/gallbladder drainage (PTBD/PTGD) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were administrated more frequently in groups Ⅲ.A total of 35 patients (6.1％) died during follow-up.Senior in age (OR=11.1),the Charlson comorbidity index (OR=19.5),cancers (OR=9.6),blood stream infections (OR=7.4),severity of cholecystitis and cholangitis (OR=4.2)were risk factors associated with mortality.Conclusions Even in the elderly patients with acute cholecystitis and cholangitis,comorbidity is one of the main factors affecting clinical outcomes.Due to the poor performance,this group of population presents more severe disease and undergoes conservative treatment strategies.
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Objective To observe the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ER-CP) and laparotomy in treatment of acute gallstone cholangitis and their impact on the levels of serum amyloid A (SAA),C-reactive protein (CRP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1).Methods 80 patients with acute gallstone cholangitis,from Jan.2013 to Dec.2016,were divided into observation group(35 cases) and the control group (45 cases)according to the surgical procedure.The observation group received ERCP,and the control group were performed with open cholecystectomy,common bile duct extraction and T-tube placement.The operation time,blood loss,gastrointestinal function recovery time,hospital stay,and the success rate of stone removal,and the levels of SAA,and changes in CRP and ET-1 before and after treatment were observed in each group.Results Compared with the control group,the observation group had shorter operative time [(76.43±9.82)min vs (69.28±7.53) min,P=0.000],less blood loss[(1 1.73±2.83)ml vs (78.41±3.28) ml,P=0.000],shorter gastrointestinal function recovery time [(29.53±3.27) h vs (78.33±8.43) h,P=0.000],and shorter hospital stay [(5.73±1.32)d vs (8.54±1.62) d,P=0.000],while the success rate of stone removal was not significantly different between the two groups (97.14％ vs 95.56％,P＞0.01).Before treatment,the levels of SAA,CRP and ET-1 had no significant difference between the two groups(P＞0.05).The levels of SAA,CRP and ET-1 in the two groups after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment (P＜0.01),while the levels decreased more in the observation group compared with that in the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The endoscopic therapy and laparotomy in treatment of acute cholangitis stones have both achieved good efficacy.Compared ith laparotomy,ERCP has faster recovery,shorter hospital stay,and quicker subsided inflammation.
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BACKGROUND/AIMS: Recently, recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) has been developed as a new drug for disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This study aims to evaluate the clinical benefit of rTM in patients with sepsis-induced DIC caused by acute cholangitis who underwent biliary drainage. METHODS: Patients were divided into two groups: the rTM therapy group and the non-rTM therapy group. The primary outcome was the DIC resolution rate at 7 days, and the secondary outcome was 28-day mortality rate. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients were treated by rTM, and 36 patients were treated without rTM for DIC. The rate of resolution of DIC at day 7 was significantly higher in the rTM group than in the non-rTM group (82.9% vs 55.6%, p=0.0012). Compared with the non-rTM group, the 28-day survival rate of the r-TM group was significantly higher (rTM vs non-rTM, 91.4% vs 69.4%, p=0.014). According to multivariate analysis, non-rTM (hazard ratio [HR], 2.681) and CRP (HR, 2.370) were factors related to decreased survival. CONCLUSIONS: rTM treatment may have a positive impact on improving DIC and survival rates in patients with severe acute cholangitis.
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Humans , Cholangitis , Dacarbazine , Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation , Drainage , Mortality , Multivariate Analysis , Survival Rate , Thrombomodulin , ThrombosisABSTRACT
Objective To understand whether it had differences in bile culture and drug susceptibility test between patients with community-acquired acute cholecystitis and patients with community-acquired acute cholangitis at present.Methods 169 patients with community-acquired acute cholecystitis and the 97 patients with community-acquired acute cholangitis in our department were selected prospectively,in which 16 patients suffered from both community-acquired acute cholecystitis and community-acquired acute cholangitis.Bile sample was extracted in operations and delivered to perform aerobic culture and drug sensitivity test.The bile samples coming from cholecyst were divided into group A,while the bile samples coming from bile duct were divided into group B.Results The positive rates of bile culture in group A and group B were separately 24.9% and 64.9%(P0.05).Conclusion Some difference exist in the results of bile culture between patients with community-acquired acutecholecystitis and patients with community-acquired acute cholangitis,but the main bacteria of the both two types of biliary tract infection are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia.The drug resistance is serious in the both infections,and the most sensitive antibiotics to gram negative bacteria include amikacin,ertapenem,imipenem,piperacillin/tazobactam,and the most sensitive antibiotics to gram positive bacteria include tigecycline,linezolid in the both infections.
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Resumen: Introducción: Las malformaciones congénitas vertebrales y costales concomitantes comprenden un grupo heterogéneo de enfermedades denominadas disostosis espondilocostal. Tienen en común la alteración del desarrollo o morfología de las estructuras vertebrales y de la caja torácica con una expresividad variable: desde la deformidad leve sin consecuencias funcionales hasta lesiones que amenazan la vida. Se presenta el caso de una niña con disostosis espondilocostal y colangitis aguda. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de 13 meses de edad con desnutrición severa y antecedente de hidrocefalia y mielomeningocele quien ingresa al servicio de Urgencias por presentar dificultad respiratoria progresiva y fiebre. En la evaluación se encontraron malformaciones costovertebrales y colangitis aguda. Conclusiones: Las anormalidades costales complejas consisten en malformaciones de la pared torácica sin un patrón determinado y son extremadamente raras. Cuando se presentan al mismo tiempo que las malformaciones vertebrales, puede considerarse como síndrome de disostosis espondilocostal ligado a herencia autosómica recesiva. El diagnóstico es clínico-radiográfico. La identificación de la disostosis espondilocostal y las complicaciones relacionadas con sus causas genético-moleculares implican un reto para el pediatra y el equipo multidisciplinario que los trata a lo largo de su vida.
Abstract: Background: Congenital malformations of the chest wall comprise a heterogeneous group of diseases denominated spondylocostal dysostosis. They have in common developmental abnormalities in the morphology of the structures of the chest and vertebrae with a broad characterization: from mild deformity without functional consequences to life-threatening injuries. We present the case of a girl with spondylocostal dysostosis and acute cholangitis. Clinical case: A 13-month-old girl with severe malnutrition, history of hydrocephalus and myelomeningocele at birth was admitted in the emergency pediatric room with fever and progressive respiratory distress. Clinical assessment revealed ribs and vertebral malformations and acute cholangitis. Conclusions: Complex rib abnormalities consist in deformities of the chest wall, which do not have a specific pattern and are extremely rare. When they are associated with myelomeningocele and hydrocephalus they may be considered as autosomal recessive inheritance spondylocostal dysostosis. The diagnosis is established by clinical assessment and X-rays. Spondylocostal dysostosis identification and complications related to their genetic and molecular causes are still a challenge for clinical pediatricians and the multidisciplinary medical team who treats these patients throughout lifetime.
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Objective To design and create a C/S-J type of biliary self-releasing stent,and to study its safety and efficacy in preventing post-ERCP complications.Methods 118 patients with common bile duct stones treated in our hospital were enrolled into this study from October 2013 to May 2015.These patients were randomly divided into two groups:the experimental group who underwent ERCP + EST + C/S-J type of self-releasing biliary stent drainage,while the control group underwent ERCP + EST + ENBD.The incidences of post-ERCP acute pancreatitis (PEP) and cholangitis in the two groups and the time the self-releasing stent was dislodged from the biliary system in the experimental group were recorded.Results The incidence of PEP was 6.4％ (5/78) and 7.5％ (3/40) in the experimental and the control group,respectively (P ＞ 0.05).There were no patients who developed postoperative acute cholangitis in the two groups.The stents were dislodged from the biliary system on the first day after the procedure in 2 patients in the experimental group without any complications.One stent failed in self-releasing but was removed successfully with endoscopy 3 months later.In the other 75 patients,the stents were successfully dislodged and were excreted outside the patient's body through the intestinal tract (mean 11.4,range 9 ～ 14) days,without any complications.Conclusion The C/S-J type of biliary self-releasing stents is safe and efficacious in preventing post-ERCP pancreatitis and cholangitis.
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The percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) is an effective intervention as a palliative therapy for relieving a jaundice and cholangitis. It may be used in place of Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the obstructive biliary disease. Recently, by developing invasive procedures, the incidence of the complications such as bleeding and perforation has been increasing in the diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary disease. We report here on a case of remained drawstring after PTBD in a 85-year-old man. The patient was conducted PTBD for relieving a jaundice and cholangitis. And then the patient had complained of abdominal pain constantly. A few days later, we removed PTBD and attempted ERCP for removal of CBD stone. The ERCP showed remained drawstring around ampulla of vater and we removed it by IT knife. The drawstring was successfully removed.
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Aged, 80 and over , Humans , Abdominal Pain , Ampulla of Vater , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholangitis , Diagnosis , Drainage , Hemorrhage , Incidence , Jaundice , Palliative CareABSTRACT
An ectopic opening of the common bile duct (CBD) into the duodenal bulb is a very rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system, which may cause recurrent duodenal ulcer or biliary diseases such as choledocholithiasis and cholangitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) plays a major role in the diagnosis of this anomaly. We report two such cases: one in a 61-year-old man and the other in a 57-year-old man. In the first case, this anomaly caused acute cholangitis with multiple CBD stones, which were successfully treated by ERCP. In the second case, abdominal computed tomography showed pneumobilia, which was further evaluated using ERCP. Besides, this patient was diagnosed with an ectopic opening of the CBD associated with gallbladder cancer. We report these unusual cases and review the relevant medical literature.
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Humans , Middle Aged , Biliary Tract , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholangitis , Choledocholithiasis , Common Bile Duct , Diagnosis , Duodenal Ulcer , Gallbladder NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Biliary hamartoma and congenital hepatic fibrosis belong to fibrocystic disorders originating from ductal plate malformation. A 66-year-old man who had incidentally been diagnosed with biliary hamartoma two years ago presented to us with recurrent acute cholangitis. In the first episode, he had presented with septic shock and was treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and cholecystectomy under the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis and cholangitis. However, during a two-month follow-up period, the patient experienced four episodes of acute cholangitis. Because he showed normal ERCP, and biliary hamartoma is usually asymptomatic, a liver biopsy was performed. Pathology revealed combined features of biliary hamartoma and congenital hepatic fibrosis, characterized as periportal fibrosis and intrahepatic ductular dysplasia. During follow-up for the last six months, he had experienced two episodes of acute cholangitis and was treated with antibiotics. A follow-up abdominal CT scan revealed aggravated hepatosplenomegaly compared to that of two years ago. We report a case of combined congenital hepatic fibrosis and biliary hamartoma and a literature review.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Biopsy , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholangitis , Cholecystectomy , Cholecystitis, Acute , Diagnosis , Fibrosis , Follow-Up Studies , Hamartoma , Liver , Pathology , Shock, Septic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Fasciola hepatica infection may result in biliary obstruction with or without cholangitis in the chronic biliary phase. Because clinical symptoms and signs of F. hepatica are similar to other biliary diseases that cause bile duct obstruction, such as stones or bile duct malignancies, that are, in fact, more common, this condition may not be suspected and diagnosis may be overlooked and delayed. Patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or endoscopic ultrasonography for the evaluation of bile duct obstruction may be incidentally detected with the worm, and diagnosis can be confirmed by extraction of the leaf-like trematode from the bile duct. Intraductal ultrasonography (IDUS) can provide high-resolution cross-sectional images of the bile duct, and is useful in evaluating indeterminate biliary diseases. We present a case of biliary fascioliasis that was diagnosed using IDUS and managed endoscopically in a patient with acute cholangitis.
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Humans , Bile Ducts , Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde , Cholangitis , Cholestasis , Diagnosis , Endosonography , Fasciola hepatica , Fascioliasis , Ranunculaceae , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Cualquier enfermedad que lleve a la alteración del flujo biliar o del metabolismo de las sales biliares se traduce en colestasis. Son múltiples las causas que pueden producirla, sea por su localización anatómica intrahepática o extrahepática, agudas o crónicas, con o sin lesión hepatocelular acompañante, o primarias o secundarias, por lo que resultan numerosas las entidades que deben ser consideradas como parte del diagnóstico diferencial de las enfermedades colestásicas y que plantean un gran reto diagnóstico tanto para el clínico, como para el patólogo (1). En el presente estudio se plantea una aproximación diagnóstica basada en patrones histológicos, haciendo énfasis en las enfermedades colestásicas crónicas del adulto, en próximos estudios se tratarán las de la población pediátrica.
Any disease that leads to impaired bile flow or impaired bile salt metabolism results in cholestasis. There are several causes of the disease related to intrahepatic or extrahepatic anatomical locations, to whether the disease is acute or chronic, to whether or not hepatocellular damage occurs, and to whether or not the condition is primary or secondary. The large number of entities that must be considered in the differential diagnosis of cholestatic diseases poses a major diagnostic challenge for both the clinician and the pathologist (1). This article establishes a diagnostic approach based on histologic patterns which emphasizes adult chronic cholestatic diseases. The next article will focus on the pediatric population.
Subject(s)
Humans , Cholangitis, Sclerosing , Cholestasis , Cholestasis, Intrahepatic , Liver Cirrhosis, BiliaryABSTRACT
Therapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents is an important component in the management of patients with liver, biliary and pancreatic infection. Acute cholangitis and cholecystitis are common conditions that may result in progressively severe infection. Infectious complications, both pancreatic (infected necrosis) and extrapancreatic (pneumonia, cholangitis, bacteremia, urinary tract infections, and so on), are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis. Antimicrobial agents appropriate for initial therapy (empirical therapy or presumptive therapy) for various grades of severity of infections should be used. Local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns should be considered for use.
Subject(s)
Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents , Anti-Infective Agents , Bacteremia , Cholangitis , Cholecystitis , Cholecystitis, Acute , Liver , Mortality , Pancreatitis , Urinary Tract InfectionsABSTRACT
El Linfoma Primario de Páncreas es una enfermedad rara, representando el 1 % de todos los linfomas de presentación extranodal y el 0,5% de todas las masas pancreáticas. Menos de 150 casos han sido reportados en la literatura en ingles, los cuales son generalmente linfomas de células tipo B. Los linfomas de celulas T, representan aproximadamente el 4% de los linfomas primarios de pancreas y la supervivencia a los 5 años es del 0%. Reportamos el caso de una mujer de 28 años de edad que se presento a la emergencia con una colangitis aguda severa y una historia insidiosa de baja de peso e icteria obstructiva. La tomografía revelo una lesión tumoral heterogénea, difusa en cabeza de páncreas asi como dilatación leve del conducto pancreático, dilatación de vía biliar intra y extra-hepatica, no adenopatías retroperitoneales y sin infiltración hepática ni esplénica. Se realizo una autopsia dirigida y los estudios histopatologicos confirmaron un linfoma no Hodgkin de células T, CD3 + CD20-.
Primary pancreatic lymphomas (PPL) are rare tumors, comprising 1% of extra-nodal lymphomas and 0.5% of all pancreatic masses. Fewer than 150 cases have been reported worldwide, which most commonly are large B cell lymphomas. T cell lymphomas comprise 4% of all PPL and present a 5-year survival rate of 0%. We report the case of a 28 year-old peruvian woman who presented with a fatal acute cholangitis and a history of insidious weight loss and obstructive jaundice. The CT scan revaled a diffuse heterogeneus mass in the head of the pancreas along with a mildly dilated pancreatic duct and dilated intra and extra-hepatic bile ducts, no liver, splenic involvement, or retroperitoneal adenopathies were evident. An autopsy was performed and the histopathologic investigation confirmed a T cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CD3+ CD20-.