Nefropatía por tóxicos: la cocaína y su potente daño renal / Toxic nephropathy: cocaine and its potent kidney damage

Resumen El consumo de sustancias ilícitas en menores de 16 años y en adultos jóvenes se incrementa cada día en Colombia, por lo cual se presentan complicaciones asociadas que sería inusual encontrar en este grupo poblacional. El presente reporte de caso muestra cómo el uso de cocaína llevó a un paciente joven a desarrollar daño renal agudo con requerimiento de terapia de reemplazo renal, lo que en los hallazgos histológicos puede corresponder a una glomerulonefritis rápidamente progresiva o a una enfermedad tubulointersticial tipo necrosis tubular aguda o nefritis intersticial aguda.

Abstract In Colombia, the consumption of illicit substances increases daily. The increase and related consumption in the population involves both young people under 16 and young adults. Therefore, there are complications associated with the consumption of these substances that otherwise, would be unusual to find in this population group. In this case report, we will review how the use of cocaine led a young patient to the development acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy, which in the histological findings may correspond to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, or tubulointerstitial disease either acute renal tubular necrosis or acute interstitial nephritis.

Acute tubular necrosis as a part of vancomycin induced drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome with coincident postinfectious glomerulonephritis / 소아과

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal condition characterized by skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and multiorgan involvement. Various drugs may be associated with this syndrome including carbamazepine, allopurinol, and sulfasalazine. Renal involvement in DRESS syndrome most commonly presents as acute kidney injury due to interstitial nephritis. An 11-year-old boy was referred to the Children's Hospital of Pusan National University because of persistent fever, rash, abdominal distension, generalized edema, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia. He previously received vancomycin and ceftriaxone for 10 days at another hospital. He developed acute kidney injury with nephrotic range proteinuria and hypocomplementemia. A subsequent renal biopsy indicated the presence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and late exudative phase of postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN). Systemic symptoms and renal function improved with corticosteroid therapy after the discontinuation of vancomycin. Here, we describe a biopsy-proven case of severe ATN that manifested as a part of vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome with coincident PIGN. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this syndrome due to its severity and potentially fatal nature.

Acute tubular necrosis as a part of vancomycin induced drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome with coincident postinfectious glomerulonephritis / 소아과

Drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rare and potentially fatal condition characterized by skin rash, fever, eosinophilia, and multiorgan involvement. Various drugs may be associated with this syndrome including carbamazepine, allopurinol, and sulfasalazine. Renal involvement in DRESS syndrome most commonly presents as acute kidney injury due to interstitial nephritis. An 11-year-old boy was referred to the Children's Hospital of Pusan National University because of persistent fever, rash, abdominal distension, generalized edema, lymphadenopathy, and eosinophilia. He previously received vancomycin and ceftriaxone for 10 days at another hospital. He developed acute kidney injury with nephrotic range proteinuria and hypocomplementemia. A subsequent renal biopsy indicated the presence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and late exudative phase of postinfectious glomerulonephritis (PIGN). Systemic symptoms and renal function improved with corticosteroid therapy after the discontinuation of vancomycin. Here, we describe a biopsy-proven case of severe ATN that manifested as a part of vancomycin-induced DRESS syndrome with coincident PIGN. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this syndrome due to its severity and potentially fatal nature.

A Case of Biopsy-Proven Acute Tubular Necrosis Associated with Vancomycin Overdose / 대한신장학회지

Vancomycin has been associated with acute kidney injury, particularly in the concomitant treatment with aminoglycoside or in the presence of other risk factor such as preexisting renal disease, sepsis, or hemodynamic instability. Vancomycin-related nephrotoxicity typically manifests as acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Biopsy-proven acute tubular necrosis associated with vancomycin intoxication in the absence of aminoglycoside has been reported only in very few cases. We report a case of biopsy-proven acute tubular necrosis associated with vancomycin intoxication that was treated by continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. A 28-year-old male without preexisting renal disease received a massive overdose of vancomycin. The plasma vancomycin level was 440.3 microg/mL. Renal biopsy revealed acute tubular necrosis that there is marked thinning of the tubular epithelium with dilatation of the tubular lumens and severe foamy epithelial cell changes in tubules. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration resulted in efficient reduction of serum vancomycin levels, which was followed clinically by recovered of renal function.

An Unusual Type of Acute Renal Failure due to Extensive Crystal Deposition in the Renal Tubular Epithelium and Interstitium: A Case Report

Acute tubular necrosis is a major cause of acute renal failure. Acute renal failure that is caused by crystal deposition can result from drug toxicity, lymphoplasmacytic neoplasms, ingestion of industrial organic solvents, or intratubular obstruction due to degenerated red blood cells and red blood cell casts. We herein present an uncommon case of acute renal failure in a 57-year-old woman showing an unusually massive accumulation of variable-sized, round, ellipsoid or rhomboid, pale-pink, refractile bodies in the proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells, interstitial macrophages and Bowman's spaces. These bodies were electron dense with a maximum diameter of 3 micrometer. The information we gathered from the patient history, the laboratory data and the various histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses failed to reveal the exact nature of these crystal-like structures.