ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress and inflammation are common findings in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, and they are directly related to the increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, which is the major cause of death in these patients, particularly for those undergoing hemodialysis (HD). Strength physical exercise is a new therapeutic approach to reduce these complications in CKD patients. Following this, the purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acute intradialytic strength physical exercise on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in HD patients. METHODS: Sixteen HD patients were studied (11 women; 44.4+/-14.6 years; body mass index 23.3+/-4.9 kg/m2; 61.6+/-43.1 months of dialysis) and served as their own controls. Acute (single session) intradialytic physical exercise were performed at 60% of the one-repetition maximum test for three sets of 10 repetitions for four exercise categories in both lower limbs during 30 minutes. Blood samples were collected on two different days at exactly the same time (30 minutes and 60 minutes after initiating the dialysis-with and without exercise). Antioxidant enzymes activity [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase], lipid peroxidation marker levels (malondialdehyde), and inflammatory marker levels (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein) were determined. RESULTS: SOD plasma levels were significantly reduced after acute physical exercise from 244.8+/-40.7 U/mL to 222.4+/-28.9 U/mL (P=0.03) and, by contrast, increased on the day without exercise (218.2+/-26.5 U/mL to 239.4+/-38.6 U/mL, P=0.02). There was no alteration in plasma catalase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels in on either day (with or without exercise). Additionally, there was no association between these markers and clinical, anthropometric, or biochemical parameters. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that acute intradialytic strength physical exercise was unable to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation, and in addition, it seems to reduce plasma SOD levels, which could exacerbate the oxidative stress in HD patients.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Body Mass Index , C-Reactive Protein , Cardiovascular Diseases , Catalase , Cause of Death , Exercise , Glutathione , Glutathione Peroxidase , Inflammation , Lipid Peroxidation , Lower Extremity , Malondialdehyde , Oxidative Stress , Plasma , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, ChronicABSTRACT
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil lipídico de ratos Wistar com hipertireoidismo induzido em repouso e após exercício físico agudo. Foram utilizados 28 ratos machos Wistar, divididos em hipertireoidismo (H; induzido com tiroxina) e controle (C). Metade dos animais de cada grupo foi sacrificada em repouso. A outra metade foi submetida, imediatamente antes do sacrifício, à sessão única de exercício de natação, por 20 minutos (carga de 5% em relação ao peso corporal). Para as comparações entre os grupos utilizou-se Teste T de Students e ANOVA Two-Way, seguida de post-hoc de Newman-Keuls. O grupo H apresentou menor peso do tecido adiposo nas regiões mesentérica, retroperitoneal e subcutânea, comparado com o grupo C, o que reflete a perda de peso corporal neste grupo. Menores valores de colesterol total, LDL e HDL, na condição em repouso, foram observados no grupo H. Após o exercício agudo houve um incremento estatisticamente significativo de glicose em ambos os grupos, bem como, redução dos níveis de triglicerídeos no grupo C (p<0,05). As concentrações de lipídios totais nocoração foram menores em repouso para o grupo H quando comparado com o grupo C. Após sessão aguda de exercício físico essas concentrações se elevaram no grupo H (p<0,05). A droga utilizada induziu características de hipertireoidismo, associadas ao perfil lipídico, em ratos Wistar. O exercício físico agudo não alterou o perfil lipídico dos animais com hipertireoidismo experimental, exceto os lipídios totais do coração. A partir dos achados do presente estudo, trabalhos futuros poderão utilizar intensidade de exercício físico similar (5% do peso corporal) e analisar outros parâmetros metabólicos relacionados a essa patologia em ratos.
The aim of this study was to analyze the lipid profile of rats Wistar with hyperthyroidism at rest and after an acute exercise session. Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into hyperthyroidism (H; induced with tiroxin), and control (C). Half of the animals of each group were sacrificed at rest. The other half was submitted, immediately before the sacrifice, to an a session of swimming exercise for 20 minutes. For the comparisons among the groups Student's t test and ANOVA Two-way test were used, following by post-hoc of Newman-Keuls. The H group presented lower adipose tissue weight of the mesenteric, retroperitoneal and subcutaneous areas compared with the group C, which reflects the loss of corporal weight observed in this group. Lower values of the total cholesterol, LDL and HDL were observed in the H group at rest condition. After exercise there was a glucose increment in both groups, and reduction of the triglycerides levels in the C group (p<0.05). The concentrations of total lipids in the heart were lower at rest for the H group compared with the C group. After the acute session of physical exercise those concentrations enhanced in the H group (p<0.05). The drug used was efficient in inducing characteristics of hyperthyroidism, associated to the lipid profile, in Wistar rats and that the acute session of exercise did not changed the lipid profile of the animals with experimental hyperthyroidism. This is important, because future studies may use similar intensity of physical exercise (5% body weight) and analyze other metabolic parameters associated with this pathology in rats.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Exercise , Hyperthyroidism , Lipid Metabolism Disorders , Rats, Wistar , Secretory RateABSTRACT
Indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2 apresentam alterações na utilização de substratos energéticos em repouso e durante o exercício, como capacidade reduzida de utilização de carboidratos e síntese de glicogênio muscular, acentuando a hiperglicemia e a resistência à insulina. Estudos têm demonstrado que o exercício pode ser efetivo no controle e tratamento do diabetes tipo 2, porém o efeito de diferentes intensidades de exercício sobre a contribuição de carboidratos e gorduras durante a recuperação ainda não foi elucidado. Participaram do estudo 20 indivíduos sedentários, divididos em 2 grupos, sendo 9 diabéticos tipo 2 (DB) (2 mulheres) e 11 não diabéticos (ND) (2 mulheres), os quais foram submetidos a 3 sessões experimentais: Teste incremental máximo (TI), seguido de sessão de exercício submáximo realizado a 90% da carga do limiar de lactato (90%LL) e sessão controle (C) sem a realização de exercício, estas duas últimas em ordem randomizada. Em todas as sessões experimentais, os participantes permaneceram em repouso durante 20 min antes do inicio das sessões, bem como por 135 minutos durante o período de recuperação pós-exercício ou controle para a mensuração das variáveis ventilatórias, sendo que aos 45 minutos de recuperação uma solução de carboidrato (CHO) foi administrada. Ambos os grupos apresentaram elevada oxidação de carboidratos durante as sessões de exercício máximo (TI) e submáximo (90%LL) quando comparado aos valores de repouso (p<0,05). A oxidação de gorduras ficou elevada durante o período de recuperação do TI em ambos os grupos (p<0,05), contudo, no grupo DB, essa alteração se prolongou por um maior período de recuperação. Por outro lado, durante a recuperação do exercício submáximo, somente o grupo ND apresentou oxidação de gordura elevada após 60 min de recuperação...
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (DB) have changes in energy substrate utilization at rest and during exercise, with less use of carbohydrate and muscle glycogen synthesis, emphasizing the hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Exercise can help control and treatment of type 2 diabetes, but effect of different exercise intensities on the carbohydrates and fats contribution during recovery has not yet been elucidated. Participated in the study 20 sedentary individuals, 9 individuals (2 women) with type 2 diabetes (DB) and 11 (2 women) without diabetes (ND), underwent three experimental sessions (SE): maximal incremental test (IT); submaximal exercise, 90% of the load of the lactate threshold (90% LL) and control (Cont) or without exercise (the latter two session in randomized order). In all the SE, the participants were at rest (pre-exercise) for 20 minutes and 135 minutes during the post-exercise for measurement of ventilatory variables, and the 45-minute of recovery the volunteers were given a carbohydrate solution was given. The results showed that both groups had high carbohydrate oxidation during exercise of high and moderate intensity compared with rest (p <0.05). The fat oxidation was higher during the recovery of IT in both groups (p <0.05), and longer in the DB. On the other hand, during recovery from moderate exercise, only ND had higher fat oxidation after 60 min of recovery...