ABSTRACT
A história natural do status asmaticus é na maioria das vezes de resolução com mortalidade geral menor que 1%. Cerca de 80% dos pacientes com exacerbação de asma brônquica são liberados da emergência nas primeiras duas horas de tratamento. No entanto, nos pacientes com necessidade de ventilação mecânica a mortalidade pode chegar a 8%. O tratamento rápido e eficaz é essencial para o sucesso do tratamento e a prevenção de complicações. Neste artigo são abordadas as recomendações atuais do tratamento das exacerbações graves de asma brônquica nos setores de emergência e terapia intensiva...
The natural history of status asthmaticus is, most of the time, sorted out with overall mortality less than 1%. About 80% of patients with exacerbation of asthma emergency are released within the first two hours of treatment. However, in patients requiring mechanical ventilation mortality can reach 8%. The rapid and effective treatment is essential for the success of the treatment and the prevention of complications. This paper addresses the current recommendations the treatment of severe exacerbations of asthma in the emergency department and intensive care...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Asthma/drug therapy , Asthma/therapy , Respiration, Artificial , Emergency Medical Services , Intensive Care UnitsABSTRACT
Introduction. Magnesium sulfate is a calcium antagonist that inhibits bronchial smooth muscle contraction promoting bronchodilation. It is used for the management of acute severe asthma in children; however most of the studies have been performed in adults. Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous magnesium sulfate for the treatment of pediatric patients with acute severe asthma exacerbations. Population and Methods. A clinical, randomized, controlled trial was conducted between March 2006 and March 2011 at Hospital Universitario Austral. Children with acute severe asthma admitted to the emergency department were randomized into two groups. Group A (control group): standard protocol for the initial treatment of acute asthma exacerbation. Group B: treatment protocol with magnesium sulphate for acute severe asthma exacerbation. The primary outcome was the requirement of invasive or non invasive mechanical ventilation support. Results. One hundred and forty three patients randomized into 2 groups were analyzed. The treatment group included 76 patients receiving magnesium sulfate within the first hour of the initiation of rescue treatment at the hospital, and the control group included 67 patients not treated with magnesium sulphate. Among the patients in the control group, 33% (n= 22) required mechanical ventilation support, compared to only 5% (n= 4) of the patients in the treatment group (p = 0.001). Conclusions. Intravenous infusion of magnesium sulfate during the first hour of hospitalization in patients with acute severe asthma significantly reduced the percentage of children who required mechanical ventilation support.
Introducción. El sulfato de magnesio es un antagonista del calcio que inhibe la contracción del músculo liso bronquial y favorece la broncodilatación. Se utiliza en el manejo del asma aguda grave en pediatría no obstante haber sido la mayoría de los estudios desarrollados en adultos. Objetivo. Evaluar la eficacia del sulfato de magnesio endovenoso para exacerbaciones graves de pacientes asmáticos pediátricos. Población y métodos. Se realizó un estudio clínico, controlado y aleatorizado, entre marzo de 2006 y marzo de 2011 en el Hospital Universitario Austral. Los pacientes con asma aguda grave admitidos en Emergencias se aleatorizaron en dos grupos. Grupo A: protocolo inicial estándar de exacerbación asmática aguda grave. Grupo B: protocolo de intervención con sulfato de magnesio de exacerbación asmática aguda grave. La variable principal de resultado fue la necesidad de soporte invasivo o no invasivo ventilatorio mecánico. Resultados. Se analizaron 143 pacientes aleatorizados en 2 grupos. El grupo de intervención de 76 pacientes que recibieron tratamiento con sulfato de magnesio dentro de la primera hora de iniciado el tratamiento de rescate en el hospital, y el grupo control testigo de 67 pacientes que no recibieron tratamiento con sulfato de magnesio. El 33% (n= 22) de los pacientes del grupo control requirió asistencia ventilatoria mecánica, en comparación con solo 4 (5%) de los pacientes del grupo intervención (p= 0,001). Conclusiones. El uso de sulfato de magnesio en infusión endovenosa en la primera hora de ingreso del paciente con asma aguda grave redujo significativamente el porcentaje de niños que requirieron asistencia ventilatoria mecánica.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Asthma/drug therapy , Magnesium Sulfate/therapeutic use , Acute Disease , Disease Progression , Hospitals, University , Respiration, Artificial , Tertiary Care CentersABSTRACT
@#BACKGROUND: Few studies have reported the effects of early tracheotomy in acute severe asthmatic patients. We report two patients with acute severe asthma who were successfully treated with early tracheotomy. METHODS: The two patients with acute severe asthma were retrospectively reviewed. They had been treated at the Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. RESULTS: They developed progressively hypercapnia and severe acidosis, and were not improved after conventional therapies. Early tracheotomy after mechanical ventilation decreased airway resistance and work of breathing, and corrected hypercapnia and acidosis. Adequate gas exchange was maintained after tracheotomy. The two patients were subsequently weaned from mechanical ventilation and discharged. CONCLUSION: Early tracheotomy could be a valuable approach in certain patients with severe asthma.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical value of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in patients with a-cute severe asthma(ASA). Methods 32 patients with ASA treated with LIMA or mouth-nose mask during 2002 -2009 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Those treated with laryngeal mask airway was taken as observation group and those with Mouth-nose mask as control group. Results The period to oxygen saturation in arterial blood, the time to remove ventilator, and the time to disease improvement in the observation group (389.63±32.82)s, (19.31±2.26) hours,(16.22±3.85) hours were different from that in control group (467.36±41.15) s, (25.18±3.73) hours,(23.66±2.38) hours (P<0.01). After non-invasive positive pressure ventilation, PaCO_2 decreased, PaO_2 and pH increased at 3 and 12 hours in the observation group (P<0.05 or 0.01) from that before treatment. PaCO_2 and pH at 3 hours in the control group were no significant difference before and after treatment (P > 0.05),with an exception of PaO_2 (P < 0.05). PaCO_2, PaO_2 and pH were significantly different (P < 0.05) at 12 hours after treatment from those before treatment. Conclusions LMA should be considered in the selection of non-invasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV) in patients with ASA, for a better improvement of ventilation ef-fectivenoss and accelerating the mitigation of clinical manifestations.