ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the potential mechanism of traumatic coagulopathy through investigating the periodic change of hemodynamics, acid-base system, and coagulation system within 1 hour after traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods Adult healthy Landrace pigs were anesthetized to establish a model of hemorrhagic shock-induced by gunshot wounds. Vital signs, Hemodynamic parameters were monitored, and arterial blood gas, routine coagulation as well as thromboelastogram were tested at 15 minutes before the injury, shock point, 10 minutes after the shock, 30 minutes after the shock, and 1 hour after the shock, respectively. Results Among the 16 Landrace pigs that were examined, the mean total blood loss was (1444.22±205.50) ml with a 1-hour survival rate of 68.75%. Among the 11 pigs which survived over 1 hour, Hemodynamic and arterial blood gas analysis showed characteristics of stages. Analysis coagulation test showed that R value, PT and APTT are periodically decreased. The MA value decreased significantly from injury to 10 minutes after shock point (P<0.05), and LY30 showed a significant decreased from 10 minutes aftershock to 1-hour aftershock (P=0.038). In the correlation analysis of coagulation changes, there was a correlation between APTT value and heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, MAP (P<0.05); R value was related to heart rate, SVI, systolic blood pressure, and MAP (P<0.05); MA value was related to BE, LAC, K+, PH, Ca2+, and SVI (P<0.05). Conclusion Within 1 hour after severe traumatic hemorrhagic shock, the coagulation system is in a hypercoagulable state. At 10 minutes after the shock, the fibrinolytic system is inhibited and the fibrinolysis is shut down, which may further aggravate the hypercoagulable state.
ABSTRACT
Los traumatismos y accidentes ocupan una proporción relevante de las causas de muerte para el grupo de edad que abarca desde la primera infancia hasta la cuarta década de la vida. En los últimos diez años la mortalidad mundial por traumatismos se incrementó en el 20 por ciento. En esos casos se estima que las hemorragias aportan entre el 30 y 70 por ciento de la mortalidad. Además, la hemorragia masiva es conocida por ser una de las principales causas de muerte intraoperatoria en pacientes sin traumatismos, sobre todo en aquellos sometidos a intervenciones que implican lesiones tisulares importantes. En alrededor de un tercio o más de esos pacientes se desarrolla una coagulopatía aguda asociada al trauma o coagulopatía aguda traumática, que obedece a mecanismos fisiopatogénicos complejos, superpuestos y dependientes en gran medida de la naturaleza del evento que originó la pérdida sanguínea. Esta coagulopatía se define básicamente como una reducción funcional de la fortaleza del coágulo con cambios mínimos en los tiempos de coagulación. Su aparición incrementa el riesgo de sangrado masivo, la utilización de mayores volúmenes de componentes sanguíneos e implica una mayor probabilidad de fallecer por hemorragia. Su identificación temprana mediante técnicas de evaluación hemostáticas como el TP/INR, y pruebas viscoelásticas (tromboelastometría rotacional y tromboelastografía), modifica los riesgos y aporta un blanco terapéutico factible que constituye la base de las nuevas estrategias transfusionales en el enfrentamiento a los sangrados masivos(AU)
Accidents and different kind of injuries account for a relevant proportion of death causes from childhood to the fourth decade of life. Death from injury has increased by 20 percent over the last decade. Hemorrhages are estimated to cause between 30 to 70 percent of those deaths. Massive bleeding is also known for being one of the main causes of death during surgery in cases with extensive tissue damage from not traumatic origin. In around one third or more of such patients an acute traumatic coagulopathy or trauma associated coagulopathy is developed. This phenomenon obeys to complex, overlapping mechanisms which would be in its major part dependent on the event that caused the blood lost. This kind of coagulopathy can be defined as a functional reduction in clot strength with only minimal changes in clotting times. Its presence increases the risk of a massive bleeding, the use of larger volumes of blood components and the likelihood of dying by the hemorrhage. The early identification of acute traumatic coagulopathy through hemostatic tests such as TP/INR and viscoelastic assays as thrombelastography or rotational thrombelastometry modifies those risks since it brings a feasible therapeutic target to aim at, becoming the cornerstone for the newer transfusional strategies while facing massive bleedings(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Wounds and Injuries/complications , Blood Coagulation Disorders/complications , Blood Coagulation Disorders/mortality , Hemorrhage , Blood Transfusion/methods , Evaluation Studies as TopicABSTRACT
Acute traumatic coagulopathy (ATC) is one of coagulopathy induced by severe trauma in the early phase of trauma.It is always with high morbidity,mortality and multiple organ failure.Early diagnosis and treatment is the main content of trauma surgery in the department of emergency and the key to reduce mortality.Thrombelastography (TEG) can comprehensively assess the different stages of coagulation,early diagnose disturbance of blood coagulation and guide the goal-directed therapy with low complications,mortality and medical costs.TEG has been widely used in the operation of cardiac surgery,liver transplantation and trauma surgery to monitor coagulation and guide therapy.This paper mainly reviews the clinical value of thrombelastography in diagnosis and treatment of acute traumatic coagulopathy.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical effect of the blood transfusion with equal ratio component in severe multiple in‐juries with acute traumatic coagulopathy(ATC) .Methods Thirty‐eight patients who had severe multiple injuries with ATC were divided randomly into control group and treatment group .Control group was treated with the different ratio packed red blood cells (PRBC)and fresh frozen plasma(FFP) ,while treatment group received the equal ratio PRBC and FFP .Hemoglobin(HB) ,pro‐thrombin time(PT) ,international normalized ratio(INR) ,fibrinogen(FIB)were measured on the 1st ,2nd ,3rd day after admission . The total amount of PRBC during these 3 days ,the days of hospitalization in ICU ,the corrected rate of shock ,the 28‐day mortality were compared between groups .Results Compared with the control group ,the levels of PT ,INR and FIB of treatment group on the 2nd ,3rd day after admission were better(P<0 .05) .The total amount of PRBC[(18 .5 ± 6 .3)U]during these 3 days ,the days of hospitalization in ICU [(5 .9 ± 4 .3)d] in treatment group were less than those in the control group [(25 .9 ± 7 .8)U ,(10 .5 ± 7 .6)d] (P<0 .05) ,while the corrected rate of shock(85 .0% )in treatment group was higher than that of the control group(44 .4% ) .The 28‐day mortality(10 .0% )in treatment group was lower than that of the control group(27 .8% )(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The blood transfusion with equal ratio component in severe multiple injuries with ATC could not only improve blood clotting index ,reduce the total amount of PRBC and the time in ICU ,but also increase the corrected rate of shock and decrease the 28‐day mortality .
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effection of Shenfu Injection (Ginseng-radix aconitum Injection)to the blood coagulation system and its prognosis in the patient of multiple trauma complicated with shock.Methods We prospectively studied 90 patients of multiple trauma complicated with shock,who came from the emergency center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Medicine' s college of Zhe-Jiang University and emergency department of Lishui People' s Hospital from February 2007 to December 2011,and excluded those suffered with the dysfunction of coagulation system and uncontrolled ongoing bleeding before trauma.And then these eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups:treatment group ( 45 cases ) and control group (45 cases),the control group were received the routine treatment,the treatment group were received Shenfu Injection in early stage based on the routine treatment.The two groups were measured the platelet count (PLT),prothrombin time (PT),activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT),thrombin time (TT),fibrinogen (FIB) before treatment and 3,7 days after treatment.Results The differences of the PLT,PT,APTT,TT,FIB between the treatment group and control group at 3,7 d after the treatment was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusions Shenfu Injection has positive regulation to the coagulation system in the patient of multiple trauma complicated with shock.